Functional relationship among medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and ventral tegmental area in locomotion and reward.
- Authors
- Tzschentke, T M; Schmidt, W J
- Year
- 2000
- Journal
- Critical reviews in neurobiology
- PMID
- 11513242
Prominent projections of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the nucleus accumbens (NAS) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) exist, but it has been difficult to assign a clear functional role to either of these projections. With some exceptions to be discussed in some detail, only a few neurochemical and behavioral effects of manipulating the mPFC can be explained by invoking the mPFC-NAS projection, while most effects are compatible with an involvement of the mPFC-VTA-NAS or mPFC-pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg)-VTA-NAS circuits. What is known about the organization and function of these loops is generally consistent with the results obtained by stimulating or lesioning or injecting drugs into the mPFC, yet these findings are largely inconsistent with the functional organization of the mPFC-NAS projection. This review briefly summarizes some of the most important aspects of what is known about the functional interactions of the mPFC. NAS, VTA, and associated areas, and focuses on functional differences between the mesocortical and the mesoaccumbal dopaminergic projections, and between the corticomesencephalic and the corticoaccumbal glutamatergic projections.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Addressing tobacco use in the context of opioid use disorder: A systematic review of smoking cessation interventions. | Parida S et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| A midbrain-cortical circuit mediated by a claustrum neuronal ensemble orchestrates drug-paired context memory processing. | Zhao Z et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Auditory cortical neurons are recruited to encode fear signals and anxiety by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation. | Zhang Y et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Repetitive prefrontal tDCS activates VTA dopaminergic neurons, resulting in attenuation of Alzheimer's Disease-like deficits in Tg2576 mice. | De Paolis ML et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Associative memory cells of encoding fear signals and anxiety are recruited by neuroligin-3-mediated synapse formation. | Chen B et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Medial prefrontal cortex connectivity with the nucleus accumbens is related to HIV serostatus, perceptions of psychological stress, and monocyte expression of TNF-a. | McIntosh R et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Modulation of Nicotine-Associated Behaviour in Rats By ΞΌ-Opioid Signals from the Medial Prefrontal Cortex to the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. | Zhu F et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Estradiol and progesterone in female reward-learning, addiction, and therapeutic interventions. | Hilz EN et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Maternal neglect alters reward-anticipatory behavior, social status stability, and reward circuit activation in adult male rats. | Ryakiotakis E et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Modulation of deep neural circuits with sonogenetics. | Xian Q et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Characterization of orexin input to dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area projecting to the medial prefrontal cortex and shell of nucleus accumbens. | KallΓ³ I et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Decreased reward circuit connectivity during reward anticipation in major depression. | Geugies H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Machine Learning Analysis of Cocaine Addiction Informed by DAT, SERT, and NET-Based Interactome Networks. | Feng H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Molecular characteristics and laminar distribution of prefrontal neurons projecting to the mesolimbic system. | Babiczky Γ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Single-cell and single-nuclei RNA sequencing as powerful tools to decipher cellular heterogeneity and dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases. | Cuevas-Diaz Duran R et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Acute Effects of Different doses of Tramadol on Neuronal Activity of Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Rats. | Hasanpour Razmanjani N et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Circuit-specific sonogenetic stimulation of the deep brain elicits distinct signaling and behaviors in freely moving mice | Xian Q et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Involvement of the dopaminergic system in the reward-related behavior of pregabalin. | Althobaiti YS et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Nanonaringenin and Vitamin E Ameliorate Some Behavioral, Biochemical, and Brain Tissue Alterations Induced by Nicotine in Rats. | Kandeil MA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Differential Expression of microRNA Profiles and <i>Wnt</i> Signals in Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes During Dopaminergic Neuron Differentiation. | Jin T et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Early Life Stress- and Drug-Induced Histone Modifications Within the Ventral Tegmental Area. | Shepard RD et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| microRNA-15b contributes to depression-like behavior in mice by affecting synaptic protein levels and function in the nucleus accumbens. | Guo L et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Morphine selectively disinhibits glutamatergic input from mPFC onto dopamine neurons of VTA, inducing reward. | Yang L et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Neural correlates of visual aesthetic appreciation: insights from non-invasive brain stimulation. | Cattaneo Z | β | 2020 | β |
| mRNA and miRNA profiles in the nucleus accumbens are related to fear memory and anxiety induced by physical or psychological stress. | Du K et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Mature Hippocampal Neurons Require LIS1 for Synaptic Integrity: Implications for Cognition. | Sudarov A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Memantine increases NMDA receptor level in the prefrontal cortex but fails to reverse apomorphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats. | Ndlazi Z et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Adaptive locomotor network activation during randomized walking speeds using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. | Kim HY et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Adolescent neural response to reward is related to participant sex and task motivation. | AlarcΓ³n G et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Targeting bone morphogenetic protein signalling in midbrain dopaminergic neurons as a therapeutic approach in Parkinson's disease. | O'Keeffe GW et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The Dopamine Prediction Error: Contributions to Associative Models of Reward Learning. | Nasser HM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| WAVE1 in neurons expressing the D1 dopamine receptor regulates cellular and behavioral actions of cocaine. | Ceglia I et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Development and function of the midbrain dopamine system: what we know and what we need to. | Bissonette GB et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Effects of Feeder Cells on Dopaminergic Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. | Zhao Z et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Electrical stimulation of prelymbic with different currents intensities on morphine induced spatial memory deficit in rats. | Mehdipour S et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| GABA levels in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex during the viewing of appetitive and disgusting food images. | Padulo C et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Placebo effects: From pain to motor performance. | Carlino E et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Protocol for evaluation of neurotrophic strategies in Parkinson's disease-related dopaminergic and sympathetic neurons <i>in vitro</i>. | Hegarty SV et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Area-specific analysis of the distribution of hypothalamic neurons projecting to the rat ventral tegmental area, with special reference to the GABAergic and glutamatergic efferents. | KallΓ³ I et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Differential roles of medial prefrontal subregions in the regulation of drug seeking. | Moorman DE et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Effect of voluntary alcohol consumption on Maoa expression in the mesocorticolimbic brain of adult male rats previously exposed to prolonged maternal separation. | Bendre M et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Glycine receptor-mediated inhibition of medial prefrontal cortical pyramidal cells. | Liu Y et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Reduced dopamine and glutamate neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens of quinpirole-sensitized rats hints at inhibitory D2 autoreceptor function. | Escobar AP et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Resting-state functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens in auditory and visual hallucinations in schizophrenia. | Rolland B et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The effect of medial prefrontal cortex electrical stimulation on passive avoidance memory in healthy and addict rats. | Mehdipour S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Estradiol and isotype-selective estrogen receptor agonists modulate the mesocortical dopaminergic system in gonadectomized female rats. | SΓ‘rvΓ‘ri M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Functional roles of Nurr1, Pitx3, and Lmx1a in neurogenesis and phenotype specification of dopamine neurons during in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells. | Hong S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Gestational stress induces persistent depressive-like behavior and structural modifications within the postpartum nucleus accumbens. | Haim A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Ghrelin modulates the fMRI BOLD response of homeostatic and hedonic brain centers regulating energy balance in the rat. | SΓ‘rvΓ‘ri M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The Shh coreceptor Cdo is required for differentiation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. | Kwon YR et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Voluntary exercise followed by chronic stress strikingly increases mature adult-born hippocampal neurons and prevents stress-induced deficits in 'what-when-where' memory. | Castilla-Ortega E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Behavioral response elicited by stimulation of the mesolimbic system after procaine and bicuculline injection into the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus in rats. | Jerzemowska G et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Individual differences and social influences on the neurobehavioral pharmacology of abused drugs. | Bardo MT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Midbrain dopaminergic neurons: a review of the molecular circuitry that regulates their development. | Hegarty SV et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Modeling relapse in animals. | Martin-Fardon R et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Noninvasive remote activation of the ventral midbrain by transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex. | Chib VS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Prenatal ethanol exposure increases ethanol intake and reduces c-Fos expression in infralimbic cortex of adolescent rats. | Fabio MC et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Differential role of serotonin projections from the dorsal and median raphe nuclei in phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion and fos-like immunoreactivity in rats. | Kusljic S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Event-Related Oscillations in Alcoholism Research: A Review. | Pandey AK et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Human midbrain precursors activate the expected developmental genetic program and differentiate long-term to functional A9 dopamine neurons in vitro. Enhancement by Bcl-X(L). | Seiz EG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Prefrontal cortical mechanisms underlying delayed alternation in mice. | Rossi MA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Stress, neurotransmitters, corticosterone and body-brain integration. | Mora F et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The H2O2 scavenger ebselen decreases ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. | Ledesma JC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Cocaine up-regulation of the norepinephrine transporter requires threonine 30 phosphorylation by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. | Mannangatti P et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| En1 and Wnt signaling in midbrain dopaminergic neuronal development. | Alves dos Santos MT et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| l-Stepholidine-induced excitation of dopamine neurons in rat ventral tegmental area is associated with its 5-HT(1A) receptor partial agonistic activity. | Gao M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Acute and chronic cocaine differentially alter the subcellular distribution of AMPA GluR1 subunits in region-specific neurons within the mouse ventral tegmental area. | Lane DA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Antidepressant effect of optogenetic stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex. | Covington HE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Circadian alteration in neurobiology during protracted opiate withdrawal in rats. | Li SX et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Lesion of the ventral tegmental area amplifies stimulation-induced Fos expression in the rat brain. | Majkutewicz I et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| When desire collides with reason: functional interactions between anteroventral prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens underlie the human ability to resist impulsive desires. | Diekhof EK et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in a glutamate receptor gene (GRM8) with theta power of event-related oscillations and alcohol dependence. | Chen AC et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Ethanol- and cocaine-induced locomotion are genetically related to increases in accumbal dopamine. | Meyer PJ et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Light and electron microscopic localization of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor immunoreactivity in the rat striatum and ventral midbrain. | Rommelfanger KS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Morphine withdrawal produces circadian rhythm alterations of clock genes in mesolimbic brain areas and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in rats. | Li SX et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Neurobehavioral effects of environmental enrichment and drug abuse vulnerability. | Stairs DJ et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Neurotransmitters and prefrontal cortex-limbic system interactions: implications for plasticity and psychiatric disorders. | Del Arco A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Norepinephrine and stimulant addiction. | Sofuoglu M et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Pyramidal neurons in rat prefrontal cortex projecting to ventral tegmental area and dorsal raphe nucleus express 5-HT2A receptors. | VΓ‘zquez-Borsetti P et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The effects of medial prefrontal cortex infusions of cocaine in a runway model of drug self-administration: evidence of reinforcing but not anxiogenic actions. | Guzman D et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The role of glutamate and its receptors in mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic regions in opioid addiction. | Guo Y et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Differential cocaine-induced modulation of glutamate and dopamine transporters after contingent and non-contingent administration. | MiguΓ©ns M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Environmental enrichment increases amphetamine-induced glutamate neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens: a neurochemical study. | Rahman S et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Estrogen regulates responses of dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area to cocaine. | Zhang D et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Locomotor stimulation produced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is correlated with dialysate levels of serotonin and dopamine in rat brain. | Baumann MH et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Neuroadaptive changes in the mesocortical glutamatergic system during chronic nicotine self-administration and after extinction in rats. | Wang F et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Prefrontal cortex-nucleus accumbens interaction: in vivo modulation by dopamine and glutamate in the prefrontal cortex. | Del Arco A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The absence of 5-HT(1A) receptors has minor effects on dopamine but not serotonin release evoked by MK-801 in mice prefrontal cortex. | CastaΓ±Γ© A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Topographical Fos induction within the ventral midbrain and projection sites following self-stimulation of the posterior mesencephalon. | Marcangione C et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Uncovering genes for cognitive (dys)function and predisposition for alcoholism spectrum disorders: a review of human brain oscillations as effective endophenotypes. | Rangaswamy M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Behavioral sensitization to ethanol does not result in cross-sensitization to NMDA receptor antagonists. | Meyer PJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Biological treatments for amfetamine dependence : recent progress. | Hill KP et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Cue-evoked encoding of movement planning and execution in the rat nucleus accumbens. | Taha SA et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Distinct patterns of neural activation associated with ethanol seeking: effects of naltrexone. | Dayas CV et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Dopamine alters AMPA receptor synaptic expression and subunit composition in dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area cultured with prefrontal cortex neurons. | Gao C et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Foxa1 and Foxa2 regulate multiple phases of midbrain dopaminergic neuron development in a dosage-dependent manner. | Ferri AL et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Glutamatergic ionotropic blockade within accumbens disrupts working memory and might alter the endocytic machinery in rat accumbens and prefrontal cortex. | Baiardi G et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Glutamate synaptic inputs to ventral tegmental area neurons in the rat derive primarily from subcortical sources. | Omelchenko N et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Neonatal basolateral amygdala lesions affect monoamine and cannabinoid brain systems in adult rats. | Bouwmeester H et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Reward-aversion circuitry in analgesia and pain: implications for psychiatric disorders. | Borsook D et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Role of protein kinase C in substance P-induced synaptic depression in the nucleus accumbens in vitro. | Matowe WC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Social defeat stress, sensitization, and intravenous cocaine self-administration in mice. | Yap JJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Voluntary ethanol drinking in mice and ethanol concentrations in the nucleus accumbens. | Griffin WC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Werner J. Schmidt (1950-2007). Pushing the boundary of neuroscience: a true academician and a complete gentleman. | Archer T et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Developmental origin and fate of meso-diencephalic dopamine neurons. | Smits SM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Electrolytic lesions of the nucleus accumbens enhance locomotor sensitization to nicotine in rats. | Kelsey JE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Impaired response to amphetamine and neuronal degeneration in the nucleus accumbens of autoimmune MRL-lpr mice. | Anderson KK et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation in rat cortical neurons treated with cocaine or amphetamine. | Cunha-Oliveira T et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Projections from bed nuclei of the stria terminalis, dorsomedial nucleus: implications for cerebral hemisphere integration of neuroendocrine, autonomic, and drinking responses. | Dong HW et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Behavioral sensitization to ethanol is modulated by environmental conditions, but is not associated with cross-sensitization to allopregnanolone or pentobarbital in DBA/2J mice. | Meyer PJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Different function of pedunculopontine GABA and glutamate receptors in nucleus accumbens dopamine, pedunculopontine glutamate and operant discriminative behavior. | Steiniger-Brach B et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Double dissociation of exteroceptive and interoceptive feedback systems in the orbital and ventromedial prefrontal cortex of humans. | Hurliman E et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesion of the dorsal raphe nucleus on ethanol discrimination in the rat. | Koros E et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Environmental enrichment decreases cell surface expression of the dopamine transporter in rat medial prefrontal cortex. | Zhu J et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Ethanol-induced conditioned place preference is expressed through a ventral tegmental area dependent mechanism. | Bechtholt AJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Habituation to test procedure modulates the involvement of dopamine D2- but not D1-receptors in ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. | Pastor R et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in prefrontal cortex in the modulation of dopaminergic activity: role in atypical antipsychotic action. | DΓaz-Mataix L et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Medial preoptic area interactions with the nucleus accumbens-ventral pallidum circuit and maternal behavior in rats. | Numan M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| NMDA and dopamine interactions in the nucleus accumbens modulate cortical acetylcholine release. | Zmarowski A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Novel approaches to the treatment of cocaine addiction. | Sofuoglu M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The activation of 5-HT receptors in prefrontal cortex enhances dopaminergic activity. | Bortolozzi A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Adulthood nicotine treatment alleviates behavioural impairments in rats neonatally treated with quinpirole: possible roles of acetylcholine function and neurotrophic factor expression. | Brown RW et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Cue-evoked firing of nucleus accumbens neurons encodes motivational significance during a discriminative stimulus task. | Nicola SM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Dihydrexidine--the first full dopamine D1 receptor agonist. | Salmi P et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Effects of MPEP on locomotion, sensitization and conditioned reward induced by cocaine or morphine. | Herzig V et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Homeobox gene Pitx3 and its role in the development of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra. | Smidt MP et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Neonatal medial prefrontal cortex lesion enhances the sensitivity of the mesoaccumbal dopamine system. | Bennay M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Reward, memory and substance abuse: functional neuronal circuits in the nucleus accumbens. | Deadwyler SA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Stress and dopamine: implications for the pathophysiology of chronic widespread pain. | Wood PB | β | 2004 | β |
| A region of mesial prefrontal cortex tracks monetarily rewarding outcomes: characterization with rapid event-related fMRI. | Knutson B et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Glutamatergic mechanisms in addiction. | Tzschentke TM et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Selective psychostimulant sensitization by food restriction: differential changes in accumbens shell and core dopamine. | Cadoni C et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Sensitivity to ketamine, alone or in combination with ethanol, is altered in mice selectively bred for sensitivity to ethanol's locomotor effects. | Meyer PJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| The dual pathway model of AD/HD: an elaboration of neuro-developmental characteristics. | Sonuga-Barke EJ | β | 2003 | β |
| Behavioural consequences of nucleus accumbens dopaminergic stimulation and glutamatergic blocking in pigeons. | Acerbo MJ et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Chronic ingestion of ethanol or glucose solutions affects hypothalamic and limbic TRH metabolism in dams and their pups. | de Gortari P et al. | β | 2002 | β |