Modeling Human Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Neuronal Differentiation and Its Applications in Neurotrauma.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Bahmad, Hisham; Hadadeh, Ola; Chamaa, Farah; Cheaito, Katia; Darwish, Batoul; Makkawi, Ahmad-Kareem; Abou-Kheir, Wassim
- Year
- 2017
- Journal
- Frontiers in molecular neuroscience
- PMID
- 28293168
- DOI
- 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00050
- PMCID
- PMC5329035
With the help of several inducing factors, somatic cells can be reprogrammed to become induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) lines. The success is in obtaining iPSCs almost identical to embryonic stem cells (ESCs), therefore various approaches have been tested and ultimately several ones have succeeded. The importance of these cells is in how they serve as models to unveil the molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying several human diseases, and also in its potential roles in the development of regenerative medicine. They further aid in the development of regenerative medicine, autologous cell therapy and drug or toxicity screening. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the recent development in the field of iPSCs research, specifically for modeling human neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, and its applications in neurotrauma. These are mainly characterized by progressive functional or structural neuronal loss rendering them extremely challenging to manage. Many of these diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been explored . The main purpose is to generate patient-specific iPS cell lines from the somatic cells that carry mutations or genetic instabilities for the aim of studying their differentiation potential and behavior. This new technology will pave the way for future development in the field of stem cell research anticipating its use in clinical settings and in regenerative medicine in order to treat various human diseases, including neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.
Schematic diagram showing the methods used to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human somatic cells as skin fibroblasts or blood cells. The hiPSCs derived from a patient carrying a certain genetic mutation in a neurodegenerative disease have the capacity to differentiate into different neurons. Those patient-specific hiPSCs and hiPS-derived neurons can be expanded and further differentiated into mature neural subtypes specific to certain neurodegenerative diseases.
LLM interpretation
This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of generating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their subsequent differentiation into neurons. The workflow shows somatic cells (skin fibroblasts or activated lymphocytes) being reprogrammed using OKSM factors via various delivery methods (e.g., retrovirus, mRNA) to form iPS cell colonies. These colonies are then differentiated using small molecules to produce hiPSC-derived neurons.
Schematic diagram demonstrating the different applications of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from human somatic cells. The patient-specific hiPSCs and hiPS-derived neurons can serve as precursors for transplantation and tissue regeneration therapy. hiPSCs generated are also a copious resource for in vitro and in vivo disease modeling, drug and genetic screening, and regenerative medicine.
LLM interpretation
This is a schematic diagram illustrating the applications of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from patient skin biopsies or blood cells. The workflow shows hiPSC-derived neurons being used for *in vitro* disease modeling to decipher disease mechanisms, as well as for drug and genetic screening via multi-well plates to facilitate drug discovery. Additionally, the diagram depicts the expansion of functional cells of interest for therapy or gene correction, leading to transplantation and tissue regeneration in the patient.
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| 60 | Conclusion and perspectives | Yet, many hitches like mutations, incomplete epigenetic reprogramming and tumors formation, which⦠|
| 61 | Author contributions | HB, OH, FC, and WA worked on study conception and design. HB, OH, FC, KC, BD, and AM screened titles⦠|
| 62 | Author contributions β Conflict of interest statement | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financialβ¦ |
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In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Using human stem cells as a model system to understand the neural mechanisms of alcohol use disorders: Current status and outlook. | 2019 | 30087005 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
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| Development of brain organoid technology derived from iPSC for the neurodegenerative disease modelling: a glance through. | Jusop AS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Differentiation of hPSCs to Study PRC2 Role in Cell-Fate Specification and Neurodevelopment. | Brocchetti S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
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