Increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Manhattan, New York, residents after the September 11th terrorist attacks.
paper
Cited
Public
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- Authors
- Vlahov, David; Galea, Sandro; Resnick, Heidi; Ahern, Jennifer; Boscarino, Joseph A; Bucuvalas, Michael; Gold, Joel; Kilpatrick, Dean
- Year
- 2002
- Journal
- American journal of epidemiology
- PMID
- 12034577
- DOI
- 10.1093/aje/155.11.988
The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks were the largest human-made disaster in the United States since the Civil War. Studies after earlier disasters have reported rates of psychological disorders in the acute postdisaster period. However, data on postdisaster increases in substance use are sparse. A random digit dial telephone survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of increased cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and marijuana use among residents of Manhattan, New York City, 5-8 weeks after the attacks. Among 988 persons included, 28.8% reported an increase in use of any of these three substances, 9.7% reported an increase in smoking, 24.6% reported an increase in alcohol consumption, and 3.2% reported an increase in marijuana use. Persons who increased smoking of cigarettes and marijuana were more likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder than were those who did not (24.2% vs. 5.6% posttraumatic stress disorder for cigarettes; 36.0% vs. 6.6% for marijuana). Depression was more common among those who increased than for those who did not increase cigarette smoking (22.1 vs. 8.2%), alcohol consumption (15.5 vs. 8.3%), and marijuana smoking (22.3 vs. 9.4%). The results of this study suggest a substantial increase in substance use in the acute postdisaster period after the September 11th attacks. Increase in use of different substances may be associated with the presence of different comorbid psychiatric conditions.
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| A changed America? The effects of September 11th on depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. | Knudsen HK et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Acute impact of the September 11 tragedy on smoking and early relapse rates among smokers attempting to quit. | Forman-Hoffman V et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| African-American adolescents' stress responses after the 9/11/01 terrorist attacks. | Barnes VA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Associations between alcohol use and PTSD symptoms among American Red Cross disaster relief workers responding to the 9/11/2001 attacks. | Simons JS et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Co-morbidity of smoking in patients with psychiatric and substance use disorders. | Kalman D et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Differential involvement of the prelimbic cortex and striatum in conditioned heroin and sucrose seeking following long-term extinction. | Schmidt ED et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Incorporating community mental health into local bioterrorism response planning: experiences from the DeKalb County Board of Health. | Compton MT et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Incorporating mental health into bioterrorism response planning. | Compton MT et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Increased high risk sexual behavior after September 11 in men who have sex with men: an Internet survey. | Chiasson MA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Pathways to recurrent trauma among young Black men: traumatic stress, substance use, and the "code of the street". | Rich JA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder in the general population after mass terrorist incidents: considerations about the nature of exposure. | Galea S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Probable cigarette dependence, PTSD, and depression after an urban disaster: results from a population survey of New York City residents 4 months after September 11, 2001. | Nandi A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| SARS-related perceptions in Hong Kong. | Lau JT et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Social, psychological, and psychiatric interventions following terrorist attacks: recommendations for practice and research. | Foa EB et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Stress and Well-Being in the Aftermath of the World Trade Center Attack: the Continuing Effects of a Communitywide Disaster. | Adams RE et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The impact of Bam earthquake on substance users in the first 2 weeks: a rapid assessment. | Movaghar AR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The Oklahoma City bombing study and methodological issues in longitudinal disaster mental health research. | North CS | β | 2005 | β |
| A national longitudinal study of the psychological consequences of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks: reactions, impairment, and help-seeking. | Stein BD et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Brain environment interactions: stress, posttraumatic stress disorder, and the need for a postmortem brain collection. | Osuch E et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Cigarette smoking, mental health and social support: data from a northwestern First Nation. | Daniel M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among New York City residents six months after the September 11 terrorist attacks. | Vlahov D et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Disaster and terrorism: Cognitive-Behavioral interventions. | Walser RD et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Emotional and behavioral consequences of bioterrorism: planning a public health response. | Stein BD et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Health and environmental consequences of the world trade center disaster. | Landrigan PJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Hispanic ethnicity and post-traumatic stress disorder after a disaster: evidence from a general population survey after September 11, 2001. | Galea S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Integration of disaster mental health services with emergency medicine. | Ruzek JI et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| National study of behavioral and life changes since September 11. | Torabi MR et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Post-traumatic stress after terrorist attack: psychological reactions following the US embassy bombing in Nairobi: Naturalistic study. | Njenga FG et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Predictors of help seeking among Connecticut adults after September 11, 2001. | Adams ML et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Sustained increased consumption of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Manhattan residents after september 11, 2001. | Vlahov D et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The course of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse, and somatization after a natural disaster. | North CS et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The relations of PTSD symptoms to alcohol use and coping drinking in volunteers who responded to the Swissair Flight 111 airline disaster. | Stewart SH et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Use of psychotropic medications before and after Sept. 11, 2001. | Druss BG et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| War and anxiety disorders. | Vlahov D et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A critical role for the cannabinoid CB1 receptors in alcohol dependence and stress-stimulated ethanol drinking. | Racz I et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Acute stress disorder, alcohol use, and perception of safety among hospital staff after the sniper attacks. | Grieger TA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Awareness and perceptions of a communitywide mental health program in New York city after September 11. | Rudenstine S et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Behavioral monitoring and urine toxicology testing in patients receiving long-term opioid therapy. | Katz NP et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Children's mental health after disasters: the impact of the World Trade Center attack. | Hoven CW et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Compassion fatigue among chaplains, clergy, and other respondents after September 11th. | Rabbi Stephen B Roberts et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Contextualizing trauma: using evidence-based treatments in a multicultural community after 9/11. | Marshall RD et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Positive and negative changes following vicarious exposure to the September 11 terrorist attacks. | Linley PA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use, and perceived safety after the terrorist attack on the pentagon. | Grieger TA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Drug use frequency among street-recruited heroin and cocaine users in Harlem and the Bronx before and after September 11, 2001. | Factor SH et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| If we had known then what we know now: a review of local and national surveys following September 11, 2001. | Marshall RD | β | 2002 | β |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder in Manhattan, New York City, after the September 11th terrorist attacks. | Galea S et al. | β | 2002 | β |