Barriers to the participation of African-American patients with cancer in clinical trials: a pilot study.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Advani, Anjali S; Atkeson, Benjamin; Brown, Carrie L; Peterson, Bercedis L; Fish, Laura; Johnson, Jeffrey L; Gockerman, Jon P; Gautier, Marc
- Year
- 2003
- Journal
- Cancer
- PMID
- 12627515
- DOI
- 10.1002/cncr.11213
BACKGROUND: African-American patients have been under-represented in oncology clinical trials. Better understanding barriers to African-American participation may help increase the accrual of African-American patients onto clinical trials. METHODS: Two hundred eighteen patients with malignant disease (72 African-American patients and 146 white patients) were recruited from the Duke Cancer Clinic and from Duke Oncology Outreach Clinics (DOORS). Patients were interviewed using a standardized survey. Questions included patients' knowledge of cancer, religious/spiritual beliefs, satisfaction with medical care, knowledge of clinical trials, reasons for participating or refusing to participate in a clinical trial, financial/transportation issues, and demographic factors, such as age and education. Data on attitudes and belief were analyzed for group differences between African-American patients and white patients as well as between patients who were treated at the Duke Cancer Clinic and patients who were treated at DOORS clinics. RESULTS: Willingness to participate in a clinical trial depended on both race and clinic site. Forty-five percent of white patients, compared with 31% of African-American patients, were willing to participate in a clinical trial (P = 0.05). white and African-American patients who were treated at the Duke Cancer Clinic were more willing to participate in a trial compared with their counterparts who were treated at DOORS clinics (47% vs. 37%, respectively; P = 0.09). The greatest differences between groups (African-American patients vs. white patients and Duke Cancer Clinic patients vs. DOORS patients) were education and income: Much greater percentages of African-American patients and DOORS patients did not complete high school and had annual incomes < $15,000. In addition, more African-American patients than white patients believed that God would determine whether they would be cured or would die from their disease. In a multivariate analysis, education, income, and belief that God would determine the patient's outcome also were correlated with a decreased willingness to participate in clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with religion, education, and income, rather than race, may be major barriers to clinical trial participation. Interventions that target education and income may increase the recruitment of African-American oncology patients onto clinical trials.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks — full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Post-GWAS in Psychiatric Genetics: A Developmental Perspective on the "Other" Next Steps. | 2018 | 29227573 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Impact of sociodemographic determinants on enrollment into contemporary lymphoma clinical trials: a systematic review. | Jiang JY et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Oncology Clinical Trial Participation: Investigator Attitudes, Needs, and Motivation to Improve. | Bransky NP et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Systematic Review of Inequitable Population Representation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Clinical Trials. | Sims S et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Exploring Racial Disparities in Awareness and Perceptions of Oncology Clinical Trials: Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data From the mychoice Study. | Hoadley A et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Psychosocial Factors That Influence a Woman's Decision to Enroll in a Clinical Trial: Implications on How to Improve Clinical Trial Enrollment Among Black Women. | Markan U et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Reasons for declining participation in inpatient research among historically minoritized racial and ethnic communities: A scoping review. | Bavishi P et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| The influence of socioeconomic status on individual attitudes and experience with clinical trials. | Kim JY et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Accounting for the High Enrollment of African Americans on Winship Cancer Institute's Myeloma Clinical Trials. | McClary TS et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Clinical research nurses' perceptions of the unique needs of people of color for successful recruitment to cancer clinical trials. | Legor KA et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Diversity in Cancer Care: Current Challenges and Potential Solutions to Achieving Equity in Clinical Trial Participation. | Akimoto K et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The importance of the dyad: Participant perspectives on sharing biomarker results in Alzheimer's disease research. | Ketchum FB et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Unraveling non-participation in genomic research: A complex interplay of barriers, facilitators, and sociocultural factors. | McConkie-Rosell A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Association Between Cancer Prevalence and Different Socioeconomic Strata in the US: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2018. | Wang M et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Evaluating Prostate-Specific Antigen Screening for Young African American Men With Cancer. | Qiao EM et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Ineligible, Unaware, or Uninterested? Associations Between Underrepresented Patient Populations and Retention in the Pathway to Cancer Clinical Trial Enrollment. | Caston NE et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Racial and ethnic diversity of US participants in clinical trials for acne, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis: a comprehensive review. | Sevagamoorthy A et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Regional Variation in Access to Oncologic Care and Racial Disparities Among Cervical Cancer Patients. | Alimena S et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Sarcoidosis: Updates on therapeutic drug trials and novel treatment approaches. | Obi ON et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Understanding Willingness to Participate in Cancer Clinical Trials Among Patients and Caregivers Attending a Minority-Serving Academic Cancer Center. | Ginossar T et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| What Influences the Willingness of Blacks and African Americans to Enroll in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Research? A Qualitative Vignette Analysis. | Ketchum FB et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Willingness to participate in various nontherapeutic cancer research activities among urban and rural African American and Latinx healthy volunteers. | Scarinci IC et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Implementing a Geriatric Fracture Program in a Mixed Practice Environment Reduces Total Cost and Length of Stay. | Lin C et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Motivational Interviewing for Loved Ones in Early Psychosis: Development and Pilot Feasibility Trial of a Brief Psychoeducational Intervention for Caregivers. | Kline ER et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Naturally occurring language as a source of evidence in suicide prevention. | Resnik P et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Overcoming Barriers to Clinical Trial Participation: Outcomes of a National Clinical Trial Matching and Navigation Service for Patients With a Blood Cancer. | Sae-Hau M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Participation of Black Americans in Cancer Clinical Trials: Current Challenges and Proposed Solutions. | Awidi M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Perceived Institutional Barriers Among Clinical and Research Professionals: Minority Participation in Oncology Clinical Trials. | Niranjan SJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Willingness of Latinx and African Americans to Participate in Nontherapeutic Trials: It Depends on Who Runs the Research. | Thetford K et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Considering religion and spirituality in precision medicine. | Yeary KHK et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Factors influencing treatment outcome in hepatitis C virus minority patients at an inner-city hospital: A STROBE-complaint article. | Sherif ZA et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Gatekeeping in cancer clinical trials in Canada: The ethics of recruiting the "ideal" patient. | Bell JAH et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Knowledge, Motivations and Concerns about Participation in Breast Cancer Clinical Trials in Puerto Rico. | Rivera-Díaz M et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| An Analysis of Recruitment Efficiency for an End-of-Life Advance Care Planning Randomized Controlled Trial. | Stewart RR et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Factors associated with participation by African Americans in a study of the genetics of glaucoma. | Parikh R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Impact of skin color and ethnicity. | Jothishankar B et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Knowledge of and attitudes toward clinical trials in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. | Al-Rawashdeh N et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Overcoming Barriers to Clinical Trial Enrollment. | Nipp RD et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in the Surgical Management and Outcomes of Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma. | Cairns AL et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| A comparison of urban and non-urban African American older adults on health-related characteristics. | Oh H et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| A Comprehensive Electronic Health Record Based Patient Navigation Module Including Technology Driven Colorectal Cancer Outreach and Education. | Ajeesh S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Attrition in NRG Oncology's Radiation-Based Clinical Trials. | Ulrich CM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Defining Research: The Effect of Linguistic Choices on the Intentions to Participate in Clinical Research. | Strekalova YA | — | 2018 | → |
| Factors associated with non-participation and dropout among cancer patients in a cluster-randomised controlled trial. | Roick J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Patient-centered recruitment and retention for a randomized controlled study. | Chhatre S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Patient navigation and clinical trial participation: A randomized controlled trial design. | Uveges MK et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Post-GWAS in Psychiatric Genetics: A Developmental Perspective on the "Other" Next Steps. | Dick DM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The Role of Patient Navigation on Colorectal Cancer Screening Completion and Education: a Review of the Literature. | Sunny A et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| When Trust Is Not Enough: A Serial Mediation Model Explaining the Effect of Race Identity, eHealth Information Efficacy, and Information Behavior on Intention to Participate in Clinical Research. | Strekalova YA | — | 2018 | → |
| An Evaluation of Psychosocial and Religious Belief Differences in a Diverse Racial and Socioeconomic Urban Cancer Population. | Polite BN et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Applying a Conceptual Framework to Maximize the Participation of Diverse Populations in Cancer Clinical Trials. | Napoles A et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Barriers and Strategies to Participation in Tissue Research Among African-American Men. | Drake BF et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Exploring Willingness to Participate in Clinical Trials by Ethnicity. | Pariera KL et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Scoping Review of the Mental Health of Parents of Infants in the NICU. | Roque ATF et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The role of acuity of illness at presentation in early mortality in black children with acute myeloid leukemia. | Winestone LE et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Video intervention increases participation of black breast cancer patients in therapeutic trials. | Robinson BN et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| African American Participation in Oncology Clinical Trials--Focus on Prostate Cancer: Implications, Barriers, and Potential Solutions. | Ahaghotu C et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Clinical research for older adults in rural areas: the MINDED study experience. | Fougère B et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Factors affecting patient participation in clinical trials in Ireland: A narrative review. | Walsh E et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Financial Burden of Cancer Clinical Trial Participation and the Impact of a Cancer Care Equity Program. | Nipp RD et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Impact of access to NCI- and NCCN-designated cancer centers on outcomes for multiple myeloma patients: A SEER registry analysis. | Ailawadhi S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Patient perceptions and willingness to participate in clinical trials. | Igwe E et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| QOL and Survival Comparisons by Race in Oncology Clinical Trials. | Tan AD et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| African Americans' and Hispanics' information needs about cancer care. | Muñoz-Antonia T et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| A Model of Cancer Clinical Trial Decision-making Informed by African-American Cancer Patients. | Wenzel JA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Association of Race, Ethnicity and Language with Participation in Mental Health Research Among Adult Patients in Primary Care. | Chang TE et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Attitudes toward molecular testing for personalized cancer therapy. | Yusuf RA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Barriers and facilitators to recruitment to a culturally-based dietary intervention among urban Hispanic breast cancer survivors. | Bernard-Davila B et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Barriers to Clinical Trial Participation: Comparing Perceptions and Knowledge of African American and White South Carolinians. | Kim SH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Barriers to medical research participation as perceived by clinical trial investigators: communicating with rural and african american communities. | Tanner A et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Cancer patient decision making related to clinical trial participation: an integrative review with implications for patients' relational autonomy. | Bell JA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Perceptions of Cancer Clinical Research Among African American Men in North Carolina. | Trantham LC et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Potentially preventable premature lung cancer deaths in the USA if overall population rates were reduced to those of educated whites in lower-risk states. | Islami F et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Socio-ecological Model as a Framework for Overcoming Barriers and Challenges in Randomized Control Trials in Minority and Underserved Communities. | Salihu HM et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Temporal Trends and Predictors for Cancer Clinical Trial Availability for Medically Underserved Populations. | Gerber DE et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| African American women's perceptions of cancer clinical trials. | Haynes-Maslow L et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Barriers to clinical trial participation: a comparison of rural and urban communities in South Carolina. | Kim SH et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Colorectal cancer disparities: issues, controversies and solutions. | Tammana VS et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Hepatitis C in African Americans. | Saab S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Participation in cancer clinical trials: why are patients not participating? | Byrne MM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Perspectives on barriers and facilitators to minority recruitment for clinical trials among cancer center leaders, investigators, research staff, and referring clinicians: enhancing minority participation in clinical trials (EMPaCT). | Durant RW et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Predictors of retention among African American and Hispanic older adult research participants in the Well Elderly 2 randomized controlled trial. | Carlson M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Socioeconomic and clinical factors are key to uncovering disparity in accrual onto therapeutic trials for breast cancer. | Behrendt CE et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| African American men's and women's perceptions of clinical trials research: focusing on prostate cancer among a high-risk population in the South. | Owens OL et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| African American participation in health-related research studies: indicators for effective recruitment. | Lang R et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| An institutional strategy to increase minority recruitment to therapeutic trials. | Anwuri VV et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A systematic review of the factors influencing African Americans' participation in cancer clinical trials. | Rivers D et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Disentangling the effects of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status of neighborhood in cancer stage distribution in New York City. | Islami F et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Establishing the infrastructure to comprehensively address cancer disparities: a model for transdisciplinary approaches. | Green BL et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Exploring barriers and facilitators to clinical trial enrollment in the context of sickle cell anemia and hydroxyurea. | Lebensburger JD et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Population and target considerations for triple-negative breast cancer clinical trials. | Hyslop T et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| A pilot study of a culturally targeted video intervention to increase participation of African American patients in cancer clinical trials. | Banda DR et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Barriers to therapeutic clinical trials enrollment: differences between African-American and white cancer patients identified at the time of eligibility assessment. | Penberthy L et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Consent timing and experience: modifiable factors that may influence interest in clinical research. | Gerber DE et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Dermatologic health disparities. | Buster KJ et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Developing a Model of the Benefits and Burdens of Research Participation in Cancer Clinical Trials. | Ulrich CM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Discussions of cancer clinical trials with the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service. | Byrne MM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Successful recruitment of healthy African American men to genomic studies from high-volume community health fairs: implications for future genomic research in minority populations. | Patel YR et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Barriers to enrollment in non-small cell lung cancer therapeutic clinical trials. | Baggstrom MQ et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Intention, needs, and expectations of cancer patients participating in clinical trials. | Wang LH et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Public perspectives on returning genetics and genomics research results. | O'Daniel J et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Recommendations for enhancing clinical trials education: a review of the literature. | Stepan KA et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Recruiting underserved populations to dermatologic research: a systematic review. | Spears CR et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Rural-urban differences in discussions of cancer treatment clinical trials. | Vanderpool RC et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| The attitudes of oncology physicians and nurses toward phase I, II, and III cancer clinical trials. | Zhang J et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Adapting a program to inform African American and Hispanic American women about cancer clinical trials. | Sadler GR et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Decision making for cancer clinical trial participation: a systematic review. | Biedrzycki BA | — | 2010 | → |
| Determining the factors associated with health research participation. | Gucciardi E et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Differences in disease presentation, management techniques, treatment outcome, and toxicities in African-American women with early stage breast cancer treated with breast-conserving therapy. | Vicini F et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Evaluation of conceptual framework for recruitment of African American patients with breast cancer. | Heiney SP et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Participation in cancer clinical trials as viewed by Chinese patients and their families. | Li JY et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Recruitment of African Americans to National Oncology Clinical Trials through a clinical trial shared resource. | Wujcik D et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| An interim analysis of recruitment to the COLOFOL trial. | Wille-Jørgensen P et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Comparison of knowledge and attitudes toward cancer among African Americans. | Thurman N et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Involving American Indians and medically underserved rural populations in cancer clinical trials. | Guadagnolo BA et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Patients' beliefs and perceptions of their participation to increase healthcare worker compliance with hand hygiene. | Longtin Y et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The impact of consenter characteristics and experience on patient interest in clinical research. | Rasco DW et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Treatment options for hepatitis C and the rationale for low response rates in African Americans. | Manka C et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| An examination of the influence of patient race and ethnicity on expressed interest in learning about cancer clinical trials. | Markman M et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Barriers to recruiting underrepresented populations to cancer clinical trials: a systematic review. | Ford JG et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Effects of socioeconomic status and treatment disparities in colorectal cancer survival. | Le H et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Factors associated with enrollment of African Americans into a clinical trial: results from the African American study of kidney disease and hypertension. | Gadegbeku CA et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Predictors of refusal during a multi-step recruitment process for a randomized controlled trial of arthritis education. | Blanch DC et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Preference assessment of recruitment into a randomized trial for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. | Dolan LA et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Psychosocial barriers contributing to the under-representation of racial/ethnic minorities in cancer clinical trials. | Wells AA et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Testing three different cancer genetics registry recruitment methods with Hispanic cancer patients and their family members previously registered in local cancer registries in Texas. | Ramirez AG et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| African Americans' participation in clinical research: importance, barriers, and solutions. | Branson RD et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| A systematic review highlights threats to validity in studies of barriers to cancer trial participation. | Fayter D et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Environmental influences on the high mortality from colorectal cancer in African Americans. | Sharma S et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Participation in research studies: factors associated with failing to meet minority recruitment goals. | Durant RW et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Understanding the African American Research Experience (KAARE): Implications for HIV Prevention. | Kerkorian D et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Who enrolls onto clinical oncology trials? A radiation Patterns Of Care Study analysis. | Movsas B et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Acceptance of genetic testing for hereditary breast ovarian cancer among study enrollees from an African American kindred. | Kinney AY et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Barriers to participation in clinical trials of cancer: a meta-analysis and systematic review of patient-reported factors. | Mills EJ et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Breast cancer patients' attitudes toward clinical trials in the radiation oncology clinic versus those searching for trial information on the Internet. | Dolinsky CM et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Clinical trial accrual among new cancer patients at a community-based cancer center. | Go RS et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Effectiveness of strategies to recruit underrepresented populations into cancer clinical trials. | Lai GY et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Effective recruitment and retention of minority research participants. | Yancey AK et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Efficacy and tolerability of the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor, dutasteride, in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in African-American men. | Roehrborn CG et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Factors associated with enrollment in cancer genetics research. | Ford BM et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Factors influencing inclusion of patients with malignancies in clinical trials. | Tournoux C et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Gender differences in attitudes toward AIDS clinical trials among urban HIV-infected individuals from racial and ethnic minority backgrounds. | Gwadz MV et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Hepatitis C virus infection in African Americans. | Pearlman BL | — | 2006 | → |
| Monitoring child and parent refusals to enrol in clinical research protocols. | Gattuso J et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Predictors of enrollment in lung cancer clinical trials. | Du W et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Racial differences in next-of-kin participation in an ongoing survey of satisfaction with end-of-life care: a study of a study. | Johnson KS et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Racial variation in treatment preferences and willingness to randomize in the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial (SPORT). | Arega A et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Reducing cancer disparities for minorities: a multidisciplinary research agenda to improve patient access to health systems, clinical trials, and effective cancer therapy. | Bruner DW et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Use of complementary and alternative therapies by rural African Americans with type 2 diabetes. | Jones RA et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| An Internet-based cancer clinical trials matching resource. | Metz JM et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Clinical trials: understanding and perceptions of female Chinese-American cancer patients. | Tu SP et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Evaluation of factors affecting awareness of and willingness to participate in cancer clinical trials. | Lara PN et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Explaining black-white differences in receipt of recommended colon cancer treatment. | Baldwin LM et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Factors affecting participation in a breast cancer risk reduction telephone survey among women from four racial/ethnic groups. | Des Jarlais G et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Implementation and evaluation of a central coordination office for clinical trials in a tertiary care hospital. | Trelle S et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Participation of Asian-American women in cancer treatment research: a pilot study. | Nguyen TT et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Patient and physician attitudes toward breast cancer clinical trials: developing interventions based on understanding barriers. | Melisko ME et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Patient characteristics associated with participation in a practice-based study of depression in late life: the Spectrum study. | Gallo JJ et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Personal characteristics and depression-related attitudes of older adults and participation in stages of implementation of a multi-site effectiveness trial (PRISM-E). | Wittink MN et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Systematic review of barriers to the recruitment of older patients with cancer onto clinical trials. | Townsley CA et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| A randomized trial of recruitment methods for older African American men in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. | Ford ME et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Determinants of blood pressure response to quinapril in black and white hypertensive patients: the Quinapril Titration Interval Management Evaluation trial. | Mokwe E et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a minimal intervention to prevent smoking relapse: dismantling the effects of amount of content versus contact. | Brandon TH et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Prevalence of Parkinson's disease in populations of African ancestry: a review. | McInerney-Leo A et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Recruitment of patients into an internet-based clinical trials database: the experience of OncoLink and the National Colorectal Cancer Research Alliance. | Wei SJ et al. | — | 2004 | → |