Knowing good from bad: differential activation of human cortical areas by positive and negative outcomes.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Nieuwenhuis, Sander; Slagter, Heleen A; von Geusau, Niels J Alting; Heslenfeld, Dirk J; Holroyd, Clay B
- Year
- 2005
- Journal
- The European journal of neuroscience
- PMID
- 15978024
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04152.x
Previous research has identified a component of the event-related brain potential (ERP), the feedback-related negativity, that is elicited by feedback stimuli associated with unfavourable outcomes. In the present research we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings to test the common hypothesis that this component is generated in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex. The EEG results indicated that our paradigm, a time estimation task with trial-to-trial performance feedback, elicited a large feedback-related negativity (FRN). Nevertheless, the fMRI results did not reveal any area in the caudal anterior cingulate cortex that was differentially activated by positive and negative performance feedback, casting doubt on the notion that the FRN is generated in this brain region. In contrast, we found a number of brain areas outside the posterior medial frontal cortex that were activated more strongly by positive feedback than by negative feedback. These included areas in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, right superior frontal gyrus, and striatum. An anatomically constrained source model assuming equivalent dipole generators in the rostral anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, and right superior frontal gyrus produced a simulated scalp distribution that corresponded closely to the observed scalp distribution of the FRN. These results support a new hypothesis regarding the neural generators of the FRN, and have important implications for the use of this component as an electrophysiological index of performance monitoring and reward processing.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Dysfunctional reward processing in male alcoholics: an ERP study during a gambling task. | 2010 | 20035952 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electrophysiological Evaluation of Mirrored Hand Movements in Virtual Reality: A Proof of Concept for Virtual Mirror Therapy. | Yilmaz N et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Investigating the relationship between gut microbiota and electrocortical signatures of feedback processing: an ERP study. | Lenzoni S et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Parsing Reward Processing Substages With Multimodal EEG-fMRI. | Lau KJ et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| The Reward Positivity signals a goal prediction error. | Cavanagh JF et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Asymmetric representation of symmetric semantic information in the human brain. | Wang J et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Impaired reinforcement learning and coding of prediction errors in patients with cerebellar degeneration - a study with EEG and voxel-based morphometry. | Berlijn AM et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Neural Mechanisms of Feedback Processing and Regulation Recalibration During Neurofeedback Training. | Pamplona GSP et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Punishing temporal judgement boosts sense of agency and modulates its underlying neural correlates. | Hill CM et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Reduced Sensitivity to Negative Feedback May Lead to Risky Decision-Making in Amphetamine Users. | Liu YH et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| The Role of the N170 in Linking Stimuli to Feedback-Effects of Stimulus Modality and Feedback Delay. | RΓΆhlinger M et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Unravelling the origin of reward positivity: a human intracranial event-related brain potential study. | Oerlemans J et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Neural responses to decision-making in suicide attempters with youth major depressive disorder. | Bao C et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Neurophysiological activity following gains and losses among young adults with non-suicidal self-injury: An ERP study. | Bao C et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Simultaneous oscillatory encoding of "hot" and "cold" information during social interactions in the monkey medial prefrontal cortex. | Di Bello F et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| A comparison of reward processing during Becker-DeGroot-Marschak and Vickrey auctions: An ERP study. | Newton-Fenner A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Cognitive and neural bases of visual-context-guided decision-making. | Sun S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Dorsal posterior cingulate cortex responds to negative feedback information supporting learning and relearning of response policies. | Wolff S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Dynamic expectations: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of sub-second updates in reward predictions. | Marciano D et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Working memory training for reward processing in university students with subsyndromal depression: The influence of baseline severity of depression. | Hou L et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| A translational perspective on the anti-anhedonic effect of ketamine and its neural underpinnings. | Pulcu E et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| P2 Manifests Subjective Evaluation of Reward Processing Under Social Comparison. | Zou F et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Affective, Social, and Informative Gestures Reproduction in Human Interaction: Hyperscanning and Brain Connectivity. | Balconi M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Effects of a school readiness intervention on electrophysiological indices of external response monitoring in children in foster care. | Bruce J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Hypersensitivity to negative feedback during dynamic risky-decision making in major depressive disorder: An event-related potential study. | Fan L et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Neural processing of iterated prisoner's dilemma outcomes indicates next-round choice and speed to reciprocate cooperation. | Cervantes Constantino F et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Dorsal posterior cingulate cortex encodes the informational value of feedback in human-computer interaction. | Wolff S et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| EEG correlates of physical effort and reward processing during reinforcement learning. | Palidis DJ et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and theta oscillations: Different feedback signals for non-conform and conform decisions. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Functional network activity during errorless and trial-and-error color-name association learning. | Yamashita M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Optimizing Behavioral Paradigms to Facilitate Development of New Treatments for Anhedonia and Reward Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder: Study Protocol. | Bilderbeck AC et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Smaller Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) Reflects the Risky Decision-Making Deficits of Methamphetamine Dependent Individuals. | Zhong N et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The neural basis of feedback-guided behavioral adjustment. | Sun S et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Agreeableness modulates group member risky decision-making behavior and brain activity. | Wang F et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Altered Oscillatory Responses to Feedback in Borderline Personality Disorder are Linked to Symptom Severity. | Schauer PA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Juveniles with a history of violent behavior show cognitive performance and electrophysiology consistent with inhibitory control and emotional feedback processing problems. | Chen CY et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Alternative outcomes create biased expectations regarding the received outcome: Evidence from event-related potentials. | Marciano D et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Different Electrophysiological Responses to Informative Value of Feedback Between Children and Adults. | Du B et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Electrophysiological measures reveal the role of anterior cingulate cortex in learning from unreliable feedback. | Li P et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Electrophysiological Response to the Informative Value of Feedback Revealed in a Segmented Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. | Li F et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Evidence for a general performance-monitoring system in the human brain. | Zubarev I et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Expectancy modulates pupil size during endogenous orienting of spatial attention. | Dragone A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Neural Correlates of Success and Failure Signals During Neurofeedback Learning. | Radua J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Neural Mechanisms of Attentional Switching Between Pain and a Visual Illusion Task: A Laser Evoked Potential Study. | Stancak A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Outcome Evaluation in Social Context Measured by Event-Related Potentials Is Partially Dependent on the Partner's Sex. | Liu J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Power of Feedback-Induced Beta Oscillations Reflect Omission of Rewards: Evidence From an EEG Gambling Study. | Yaple Z et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Separate neural representations of prediction error valence and surprise: Evidence from an fMRI meta-analysis. | Fouragnan E et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Social comparison in the brain: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of functional brain imaging studies on the downward and upward comparisons. | Luo Y et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Teaching of Manual Clinical Skills in Podiatric Medicine <sub>Theory and Recommendations</sub>. | Causby RS et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A Deletion Variant of the Ξ±2b-Adrenoceptor Modulates the Stress-Induced Shift from "Cognitive" to "Habit" Memory. | Wirz L et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| A Haplotype Associated with Enhanced Mineralocorticoid Receptor Expression Facilitates the Stress-Induced Shift from "Cognitive" to "Habit" Learning. | Wirz L et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Altered activation of the ventral striatum under performance-related observation in social anxiety disorder. | Becker MPI et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Associations between Electrophysiological Evidence of Reward and Punishment-Based Learning and Psychotic Experiences and Social Anhedonia in At-Risk Groups. | Karcher NR et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Computational Models of Anterior Cingulate Cortex: At the Crossroads between Prediction and Effort. | Vassena E et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Effects of loss aversion on neural responses to loss outcomes: An event-related potential study. | Kokmotou K et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Error-related oscillatory activity is modulated by novelty seeking in the reward condition. | Mojsa-Kaja J et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Impaired Feedback Processing for Symbolic Reward in Individuals with Internet Game Overuse. | Kim J et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Inter-trial Coherence of Medial Frontal Theta Oscillations Linked to Differential Feedback Processing in Youth and Young Adults with Autism. | van Noordt S et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Striatum on the anxiety map: Small detours into adolescence. | Lago T et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The human globus pallidus internus is sensitive to rewards - Evidence from intracerebral recordings. | MΓΌnte TF et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Altered brain activation in a reversal learning task unmasks adaptive changes in cognitive control in writer's cramp. | Zeuner KE et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Binary sensitivity of theta activity for gain and loss when monitoring parametric prediction errors. | Janssen DJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| From Positivity to Negativity Bias: Ambiguity Affects the Neurophysiological Signatures of Feedback Processing. | Gibbons H et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Putamen Activation Represents an Intrinsic Positive Prediction Error Signal for Visual Search in Repeated Configurations. | Sommer S et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| RL mechanisms of short-term plasticity of auditory cortex | Krugliakova E et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Rumination and Rebound from Failure as a Function of Gender and Time on Task. | Whiteman RC et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The Feedback-Related Negativity and the P300 Brain Potential Are Sensitive to Price Expectation Violations in a Virtual Shopping Task. | Schaefer A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Blunted feedback processing during risk-taking in adolescents with features of problematic Internet use. | Yau YH et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Brain activity elicited by reward and reward omission in individuals with psychopathic traits: An ERP study. | Salim MA et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Converging structural and functional connectivity of orbitofrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and posterior parietal cortex in the human striatum. | Jarbo K et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Deficient Event-Related Theta Oscillations in Individuals at Risk for Alcoholism: A Study of Reward Processing and Impulsivity Features. | Kamarajan C et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Feedback-related negativity observed in rodent anterior cingulate cortex. | Warren CM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Frequency-Dependent Representation of Reinforcement-Related Information in the Human Medial and Lateral Prefrontal Cortex. | Smith EH et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Inter-individual relationships in empathic traits and feedback-related fronto-central brain activity: an event-related potential study. | Motomura Y et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Neural correlates of outcome processing post dishonest choice: an fMRI and ERP study. | Sun D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Neural correlates of positive and negative performance feedback in younger and older adults. | Drueke B et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Nutrition labels influence value computation of food products in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. | Enax L et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Perceptual Salience and Reward Both Influence Feedback-Related Neural Activity Arising from Choice. | Lou B et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Reduced sensitivity to neutral feedback versus negative feedback in subjects with mild depression: Evidence from event-related potentials study. | Li P et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Reward-Related Neural Activity and Adolescent Antisocial Behavior in a Community Sample. | Sheffield JG et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Sparse regularization techniques provide novel insights into outcome integration processes. | Mohr H et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The medial orbitofrontal cortex encodes a general unsigned value signal during anticipation of both appetitive and aversive events. | Metereau E et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The role of high-frequency oscillatory activity in reward processing and learning. | Marco-PallarΓ©s J et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The role of prediction and outcomes in adaptive cognitive control. | Schiffer AM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Altered emotional and BOLD responses to negative, positive and ambiguous performance feedback in OCD. | Becker MP et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Apathy in Parkinson's disease: neurophysiological evidence of impaired incentive processing. | MartΓnez-Horta S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| A single-trial estimation of the feedback-related negativity and its relation to BOLD responses in a time-estimation task. | Becker MP et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Different aspects of performance feedback engage different brain areas: disentangling valence and expectancy in feedback processing. | Ferdinand NK et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Effects of positive mood on probabilistic learning: behavioral and electrophysiological correlates. | Bakic J et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Effects of social context on feedback-related activity in the human ventral striatum. | Simon D et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Electrophysiological aberrations associated with negative symptoms in schizophrenia. | Boutros NN et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| How about watching others? Observation of error-related feedback by others in autism spectrum disorders. | Clawson A et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Performance monitoring during associative learning and its relation to obsessive-compulsive characteristics. | DoΓ±amayor N et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Reward anticipation and processing of social versus nonsocial stimuli in children with and without autism spectrum disorders. | Stavropoulos KK et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The feedback-related negativity (FRN) revisited: new insights into the localization, meaning and network organization. | Hauser TU et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The heart-break of social rejection versus the brain wave of social acceptance. | van der Veen FM et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The influence of anhedonia on feedback negativity in major depressive disorder. | Liu WH et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The temporal course of the influence of anxiety on fairness considerations. | Luo Y et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| What is and what could have been: an ERP study on counterfactual comparisons. | Osinsky R et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| An FMRI study investigating adolescent brain activation by rewards and feedback. | Choi WH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Blunted feedback processing during risky decision making in adolescents with a parental history of substance use disorders. | Euser AS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Can event-related potentials serve as neural markers for wins, losses, and near-wins in a gambling task? A principal components analysis. | Lole L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Electrophysiological precursors of social conformity. | Shestakova A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Feedback-related negativity codes outcome valence, but not outcome expectancy, during reversal learning. | von Borries AK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| High-learners present larger mid-frontal theta power and connectivity in response to incorrect performance feedback. | Luft CD et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Individual differences in electrophysiological responses to performance feedback predict AB magnitude. | MaClean MH et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Neurophysiological correlates of anhedonia in feedback processing. | Mies GW et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Oscillatory brain activity correlates with risk perception and predicts social decisions. | Billeke P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Osmotic release oral system-methylphenidate improves neural activity during low reward processing in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Mizuno K et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Parental rearing behavior prospectively predicts adolescents' risky decision-making and feedback-related electrical brain activity. | Euser AS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Positive and negative reinforcement activate human auditory cortex. | Weis T et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Possible role of an error detection mechanism in brain processing of deception: PET-fMRI study. | Kireev M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Prediction error in reinforcement learning: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. | Garrison J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The centre of the brain: topographical model of motor, cognitive, affective, and somatosensory functions of the basal ganglia. | Arsalidou M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The differences in frontal midline theta power between successful and unsuccessful basketball free throws of elite basketball players. | Chuang LY et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Adolescent peer interaction and trait surgency weaken medial prefrontal cortex responses to failure. | Segalowitz SJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Brain oscillatory activity associated with task switching and feedback processing. | Cunillera T et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| EEG oscillatory activity associated to monetary gain and loss signals in a learning task: effects of attentional impulsivity and learning ability. | De Pascalis V et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Event-related potential studies of outcome processing and feedback-guided learning. | San MartΓn R | β | 2012 | β |
| Feedback-related potentials are sensitive to sequential order of decision outcomes in a gambling task. | Osinsky R et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Human striatum is differentially activated by delayed, omitted, and immediate registering feedback. | Kohrs C et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Learning from experience: event-related potential correlates of reward processing, neural adaptation, and behavioral choice. | Walsh MM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Magneto- and electroencephalographic manifestations of reward anticipation and delivery. | DoΓ±amayor N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neural responses to negative feedback are related to negative emotionality in healthy adults. | Santesso DL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neural response to reward and depressive symptoms in late childhood to early adolescence. | Bress JN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Performance monitoring and the medial prefrontal cortex: a review of individual differences and context effects as a window on self-regulation. | van Noordt SJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Prefrontal neural activity when feedback is not relevant to adjust performance. | Γzyurt J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The feedback-related negativity (FRN) in adolescents. | Zottoli TM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Topography, power, and current source density of ΞΈ oscillations during reward processing as markers for alcohol dependence. | Kamarajan C et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Aging, probabilistic learning and performance monitoring. | Pietschmann M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A neural signature of hierarchical reinforcement learning. | Ribas-Fernandes JJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Common and distinct networks underlying reward valence and processing stages: a meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies. | Liu X et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Cortical electrophysiological network dynamics of feedback learning. | Cohen MX et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Diffusion tensor imaging of incentive effects in prospective memory after pediatric traumatic brain injury. | McCauley SR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Dissociated roles of the anterior cingulate cortex in reward and conflict processing as revealed by the feedback error-related negativity and N200. | Baker TE et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Drug-free patients with major depression show an increased electrophysiological response to valid and invalid feedback. | Mies GW et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Encoding of both positive and negative reward prediction errors by neurons of the primate lateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus. | Asaad WF et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| ERPs associated with monitoring and evaluation of monetary reward and punishment in children with ADHD. | van Meel CS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Event-related potential activity in the basal ganglia differentiates rewards from nonrewards: response to commentary. | Foti D et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Event-related potential activity in the basal ganglia differentiates rewards from nonrewards: temporospatial principal components analysis and source localization of the feedback negativity: commentary. | Cohen MX et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Feedback and reward processing in high-functioning autism. | Larson MJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Feedback-related negativity codes prediction error but not behavioral adjustment during probabilistic reversal learning. | Chase HW et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Medial frontal event-related potentials and reward prediction: do responses matter? | Martin LE et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Remedial action and feedback processing in a time-estimation task: evidence for a role of the rostral cingulate zone in behavioral adjustments without learning. | van der Veen FM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Temporal dynamics of reward processing revealed by magnetoencephalography. | DoΓ±amayor N et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The anterior cingulate cortex responds differently to the validity and valence of feedback in a time-estimation task. | Mies GW et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Us versus them: social identity shapes neural responses to intergroup competition and harm. | Cikara M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Abnormal responses to monetary outcomes in cortex, but not in the basal ganglia, in schizophrenia. | Waltz JA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Brain responses to success and failure: Direct recordings from human cerebral cortex. | Jung J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Cortico-basal ganglia circuitry: a review of key research and implications for functional connectivity studies of mood and anxiety disorders. | Marchand WR | β | 2010 | β |
| Dissociation of neural networks for anticipation and consumption of monetary and social rewards. | Rademacher L et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Dysfunctional reward processing in male alcoholics: an ERP study during a gambling task. | Kamarajan C et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Error detection and the use of internal and external error indicators: an investigation of the first-indicator hypothesis. | Stahl J | β | 2010 | β |
| Feedback related brain activity in a gambling task: a temporal analysis of EEG correlates. | Lucchiari C et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Frontal theta links prediction errors to behavioral adaptation in reinforcement learning. | Cavanagh JF et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Monetary favors and their influence on neural responses and revealed preference. | Harvey AH et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Retest reliability of medial frontal negativities during performance monitoring. | Segalowitz SJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The effects of COMT (Val108/158Met) and DRD4 (SNP -521) dopamine genotypes on brain activations related to valence and magnitude of rewards. | Camara E et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The importance of failure: feedback-related negativity predicts motor learning efficiency. | van der Helden J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| When decisions of others matter to me: an electrophysiological analysis. | Marco-PallarΓ©s J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Action-effect negativity: irrelevant action effects are monitored like relevant feedback. | Band GP et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Decision-making under risk: an fMRI study. | Hewig J et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Dissociable medial frontal negativities from a common monitoring system for self- and externally caused failure of goal achievement. | Gentsch A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Electrophysiological and hemodynamic responses to reward prediction violation. | Martin LE et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Evaluative-feedback stimuli selectively activate the self-related brain area: an fMRI study. | Pan X et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Frontal feedback-related potentials in nonhuman primates: modulation during learning and under haloperidol. | Vezoli J et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Gambling near-misses enhance motivation to gamble and recruit win-related brain circuitry. | Clark L et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Genetic variability in the dopamine system (dopamine receptor D4, catechol-O-methyltransferase) modulates neurophysiological responses to gains and losses. | Marco-PallarΓ©s J et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Influence of aggression on information processing in the emotional stroop task--an event-related potential study. | Bertsch K et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Oscillatory activity and phase-amplitude coupling in the human medial frontal cortex during decision making. | Cohen MX et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Right frontal cortex generates reward-related theta-band oscillatory activity. | Christie GJ et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Risk-taking and the feedback negativity response to loss among at-risk adolescents. | Crowley MJ et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Segregated and integrated coding of reward and punishment in the cingulate cortex. | Fujiwara J et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Single dose of a dopamine agonist impairs reinforcement learning in humans: evidence from event-related potentials and computational modeling of striatal-cortical function. | Santesso DL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Task-related dissociation in ERN amplitude as a function of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. | GrΓΌndler TO et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| When is an error not a prediction error? An electrophysiological investigation. | Holroyd CB et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Which way do I go? Neural activation in response to feedback and spatial processing in a virtual T-maze. | Baker TE et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Acute tryptophan depletion in healthy males attenuates phasic cardiac slowing but does not affect electro-cortical response to negative feedback. | van der Veen FM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Aging and electrocortical response to error feedback during a spatial learning task. | Mathewson KJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| An electrophysiological analysis of coaching in Blackjack. | Hewig J et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Better or worse than expected? Aging, learning, and the ERN. | Eppinger B et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Dopamine agonist increases risk taking but blunts reward-related brain activity. | Riba J et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex integrates reinforcement history to guide voluntary behavior. | Holroyd CB et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Electroencephalographic correlates of target and outcome errors. | Krigolson OE et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Functional connectivity of reward processing in the brain. | Camara E et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Human oscillatory activity associated to reward processing in a gambling task. | Marco-Pallares J et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Individual differences in reinforcement learning: behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging correlates. | Santesso DL et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Influence of cognitive control and mismatch on the N2 component of the ERP: a review. | Folstein JR et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Learning benefits of self-controlled knowledge of results in 10-year-old children. | Chiviacowsky S et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Neural mechanisms supporting flexible performance adjustment during development. | Crone EA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Separable neural mechanisms contribute to feedback processing in a rule-learning task. | Zanolie K et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Switching between colors and shapes on the basis of positive and negative feedback: an fMRI and EEG study on feedback-based learning. | Zanolie K et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The feedback correct-related positivity: sensitivity of the event-related brain potential to unexpected positive feedback. | Holroyd CB et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The left dorsal striatum is involved in the processing of neutral feedback. | Behne N et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Theta oscillations during the processing of monetary loss and gain: a perspective on gender and impulsivity. | Kamarajan C et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Trait aggressiveness modulates neurophysiological correlates of laboratory-induced reactive aggression in humans. | KrΓ€mer UM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Anterior cingulate cortex and conflict detection: an update of theory and data. | Carter CS et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Decision-making in Blackjack: an electrophysiological analysis. | Hewig J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Dissociating affective evaluation and social cognitive processes in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex. | van den Bos W et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Error-likelihood prediction in the medial frontal cortex: a critical evaluation. | Nieuwenhuis S et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Feedback after good trials enhances learning. | Chiviacowsky S et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Hierarchical error processing: different errors, different systems. | Krigolson OE et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Imaging the changing role of feedback during learning in decision-making. | Sailer U et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Learning by doing: an fMRI study of feedback-related brain activations. | Marco-PallarΓ©s J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Neural systems for error monitoring: recent findings and theoretical perspectives. | Taylor SF et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Predictive information and error processing: the role of medial-frontal cortex during motor control. | Krigolson OE et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Regions of the MPFC differentially tuned to social and nonsocial affective evaluation. | Harris LT et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Reward context sensitivity impairment following severe TBI: an event-related potential investigation. | Larson MJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The regulation of cognitive control following rostral anterior cingulate cortex lesion in humans. | di Pellegrino G et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Tit-for-tat: the neural basis of reactive aggression. | KrΓ€mer UM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| When goals are missed: dealing with self-generated and externally induced failure. | Ullsperger M et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| An fMRI examination of developmental differences in the neural correlates of uncertainty and decision-making. | Krain AL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Error detection, correction, and prevention in the brain: a brief review of data and theories. | van Veen V et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Medial frontal cortex activity and loss-related responses to errors. | Taylor SF et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Performance feedback drives caudate activation in a phonological learning task. | Tricomi E et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Spatiotemporal analysis of feedback processing during a card sorting task using spatially filtered MEG. | Bayless SJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| The feedback-related negativity reflects the binary evaluation of good versus bad outcomes. | Hajcak G et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| The good, the bad and the neutral: electrophysiological responses to feedback stimuli. | Holroyd CB et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Error-related negativity predicts reinforcement learning and conflict biases. | Frank MJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |