IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta/IKK2/IKBKB)--a key molecule in signaling to the transcription factor NF-kappaB.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Schmid, Johannes A; Birbach, Andreas
- Year
- 2008
- Journal
- Cytokine & growth factor reviews
- PMID
- 18308615
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.01.006
IKKbeta/IKBKB (IkappaB kinase beta), also designated as IKK2, was named after its function of phosphorylating IkappaB molecules, the inhibitors of NF-kappaB transcription factors. The kinase activity of IKKbeta targets two adjacent serine residues of IkappaB leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the inhibitor, followed by release and activation of NF-kappaB. Many signaling pathways that activate NF-kappaB converge at the level of IKKbeta. Examples of stimuli leading to IKKbeta and subsequent NF-kappaB activation include inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha), endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide), viral infection and double strand RNA as well as physical signals such as UV-irradiation. Transcription factors of the NF-kappaB protein family have a great variety of functions in regulating the immune system, cellular differentiation, survival and proliferation. NF-kappaB is an essential factor in acute as well as chronic inflammation, a pathological state which is either cause or co-factor in a great variety of diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest that many variants of cancer are characterized by elevated constitutive activity of NF-kappaB, which can act as a survival factor for malignant cells by its predominantly anti-apoptotic function. Given the tight regulation of NF-kappaB by IkappaB molecules and the central role of IKKbeta in phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor, IKKbeta is a very promising target for pharmaceutical substances aiming at interfering with NF-kappaB activation.
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| Inhibition of IΞΊB Kinase Ξ² attenuates hypoxia-induced inflammatory mediators in rat renal tubular cells. | Wan X et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| IΞΊB kinase Ξ² regulates epithelium migration during corneal wound healing. | Chen L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Modulating microtubule stability enhances the cytotoxic response of cancer cells to Paclitaxel. | Ahmed AA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Neisseria lactamica attenuates TLR-1/2-induced cytokine responses in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells using PPAR-Ξ³. | Tezera LB et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| NFΞΊB/p53 crosstalk-a promising new therapeutic target. | Schneider G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Persistent inflammation leads to proliferative neoplasia and loss of smooth muscle cells in a prostate tumor model. | Birbach A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Pharmacophore modeling and hybrid virtual screening for the discovery of novel IΞΊB kinase 2 (IKK2) inhibitors. | Xie HZ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Sensitivity and gene expression profile of fresh human acute myeloid leukemia cells exposed ex vivo to AS602868. | Jordheim LP et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Small interfering RNA targeting IKKΞ² prevents renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. | Wan X et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Structure and dynamics of the kinase IKK-Ξ²--A key regulator of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. | Kalia M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by epimuqubilin A via IKK/IΞΊB/NF-ΞΊB pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. | Park EJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Cationic nano-copolymers mediated IKKΞ² targeting siRNA to modulate wound healing in a monkey model of glaucoma filtration surgery. | Ye H et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Crosstalk between the NF-kappaB activating IKK-complex and the CSN signalosome. | Orel L et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| IL-20: biological functions mediated through two types of receptor complexes. | Wegenka UM | β | 2010 | β |
| Inhibition of choriodecidual cytokine production and inflammatory gene expression by selective I-kappaB kinase (IKK) inhibitors. | De Silva D et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Interaction of the TNFR-receptor associated factor TRAF1 with I-kappa B kinase-2 and TRAF2 indicates a regulatory function for NF-kappa B signaling. | Sughra K et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Role of the TNF-Ξ± promoter polymorphisms for development of multiple myeloma and clinical outcome in thalidomide plus dexamethasone. | Du J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The alternative NF-kappaB signalling pathway is a prerequisite for an appropriate immune response against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. | Droebner K et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The receptor tyrosine kinase FGFR4 negatively regulates NF-kappaB signaling. | Drafahl KA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Tilapia hepcidin 2-3 peptide modulates lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokines and inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha through cyclooxygenase-2 and phosphodiesterase 4D. | Rajanbabu V et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Excitotoxic death of retinal neurons in vivo occurs via a non-cell-autonomous mechanism. | Lebrun-Julien F et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| HSCARG inhibits activation of NF-kappaB by interacting with IkappaB kinase-beta. | Gan Q et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Imipramine treatment and resiliency exhibit similar chromatin regulation in the mouse nucleus accumbens in depression models. | Wilkinson MB et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Site-specific antiatherogenic effect of the antioxidant ebselen in the diabetic apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse. | Chew P et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Structure-activity relationship studies of chalcone leading to 3-hydroxy-4,3',4',5'-tetramethoxychalcone and its analogues as potent nuclear factor kappaB inhibitors and their anticancer activities. | Srinivasan B et al. | β | 2009 | β |