Thyroid hormone receptors in health and disease.
- Authors
- Boelen, A; Kwakkel, J; Fliers, E
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Minerva endocrinologica
- PMID
- 23235186
Thyroid hormones (TH) play a key role in energy homeostasis throughout life. Thyroid hormone production and secretion by the thyroid gland is regulated via the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT)-axis. Thyroid hormone has to be transported into the cell, where it can bind to the thyroid hormone receptor (TR) in the nucleus to exert its effect on cellular gene-transcription. Mutations in both the THRA and THRB gene have been described, each inducing a characteristic phenotype clearly showing the selective effect of an excess or shortage of thyroid hormone in specific TRα and TRβ regulated organs. Profound changes in thyroid hormone metabolism occur during a variety of non-thyroidal illnesses, each associated with reduced TR expression in a tissue-specific manner. However, thyroid hormone action at the tissue level during illness is not a simple reflection of the extent of TR expression as illness has additional differential effects on local thyroid hormone availability in various organs.
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External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) gene variants and human genetic disease. | Thompson MD et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Multi-omics integration analysis identifies novel genes for alcoholism with potential overlap with neurodegenerative diseases. | Kapoor M et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| The Hypercoagulable state in Hyperthyroidism is mediated via the Thyroid Hormone β Receptor pathway. | Elbers LP et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Thyroid Hormone Mimetics: the Past, Current Status and Future Challenges. | Elbers LP et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Thyroid Hormone Receptor β Agonist Induces β-Catenin-Dependent Hepatocyte Proliferation in Mice: Implications in Hepatic Regeneration. | Alvarado TF et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Role of the Thyroid System in Myelination and Neural Connectivity. | Calzà L et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| RXR agonist modulates TR: corepressor dissociation upon 9-cis retinoic acid treatment. | Fattori J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| G protein-coupled receptor mutations and human genetic disease. | Thompson MD et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Molecular basis of thyrotropin and thyroid hormone action during implantation and early development. | Colicchia M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Tri-iodothyronine induces hepatocyte proliferation by protein kinase A-dependent β-catenin activation in rodents. | Fanti M et al. | — | 2014 | → |