Evaluation of ADHD typology in three contrasting samples: a latent class approach.
paper
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Public
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- Authors
- Neuman, R J; Todd, R D; Heath, A C; Reich, W; Hudziak, J J; Bucholz, K K; Madden, P A; Begleiter, H; Porjesz, B; Kuperman, S; Hesselbrock, V; Reich, T
- Year
- 1999
- Journal
- Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- PMID
- 9893413
- DOI
- 10.1097/00004583-199901000-00016
OBJECTIVE: To identify subtypes of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and characterize them as either categorical or continuous; to investigate familial resemblance for ADHD among sibling pairs; and to test the robustness of all results by using contrasting data sets. METHOD: Latent class analysis was applied to the ADHD symptom profiles obtained from parents or best informant about their offspring in 3 samples: a population-based set of female adolescent twins (724 monozygotic pairs, 594 dizygotic pairs) and male (N = 425) and female (N = 430) child and adolescent offspring ascertained from high-risk alcoholic families. RESULTS: Latent class analysis revealed 2 categories of clinically significant ADHD which were replicated in all 3 study groups: a subtype with high endorsements of ADHD inattention symptoms and a second combined type with high endorsements of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity items. Both appeared to be continuous across all 3 data groups. The high-risk families contained a class in which members heavily endorsed the ADHD "fidget" item but not other ADHD items. A large proportion of the monozygotic sibs (80%) versus a smaller proportion of dizygotic sibs (52%) were assigned to the same latent class. Among the high-risk children and adolescents, 51% of the female and 41% of the male siblings were concordant for class membership. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of latent classes suggested that ADHD consists of an inattentive and a combined subtype, within each of which lies a dimensional domain. These analyses further support that genetic factors are significant determinants of latent class membership.
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