A test for linkage and association in general pedigrees: the pedigree disequilibrium test.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Martin, E R; Monks, S A; Warren, L L; Kaplan, N L
- Year
- 2000
- Journal
- American journal of human genetics
- PMID
- 10825280
- DOI
- 10.1086/302957
- PMCID
- PMC1287073
Family-based tests of linkage disequilibrium typically are based on nuclear-family data including affected individuals and their parents or their unaffected siblings. A limitation of such tests is that they generally are not valid tests of association when data from related nuclear families from larger pedigrees are used. Standard methods require selection of a single nuclear family from any extended pedigrees when testing for linkage disequilibrium. Often data are available for larger pedigrees, and it would be desirable to have a valid test of linkage disequilibrium that can use all potentially informative data. In this study, we present the pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) for analysis of linkage disequilibrium in general pedigrees. The PDT can use data from related nuclear families from extended pedigrees and is valid even when there is population substructure. Using computer simulations, we demonstrated validity of the test when the asymptotic distribution is used to assess the significance, and examined statistical power. Power simulations demonstrate that, when extended pedigree data are available, substantial gains in power can be attained by use of the PDT rather than existing methods that use only a subset of the data. Furthermore, the PDT remains more powerful even when there is misclassification of unaffected individuals. Our simulations suggest that there may be advantages to using the PDT even if the data consist of independent families without extended family information. Thus, the PDT provides a general test of linkage disequilibrium that can be widely applied to different data structures.
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| Single nucleotide polymorphism-based genome-wide linkage analysis in Japanese atopic dermatitis families. | Enomoto H et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Specific combinations of HLA-DR2 and DR3 class II haplotypes contribute graded risk for disease susceptibility and autoantibodies in human SLE. | Graham RR et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The opioid system in alcohol and drug dependence: family-based association study. | Xuei X et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The role of the GABRA2 polymorphism in multiplex alcohol dependence families with minimal comorbidity: within-family association and linkage analyses. | Matthews AG et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Two-stage association tests for genome-wide association studies based on family data with arbitrary family structure. | Feng T et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility M. tuberculosis in native Paraguayans. | Wilbur AK et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Vitiligo-associated multiple autoimmune disease is not associated with genetic variation in AIRE. | Jin Y et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| X-APL: an improved family-based test of association in the presence of linkage for the X chromosome. | Chung RH et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| A common haplotype of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) regulates splicing and expression and is associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. | Graham RR et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A family-based and case-control association study of SOX10 in schizophrenia. | Iwamoto K et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A genome-wide scan for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 155 German sib-pairs. | Hebebrand J et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Analysis of RUNX1 binding site and RAPTOR polymorphisms in psoriasis: no evidence for association despite adequate power and evidence for linkage. | Stuart P et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| An analysis paradigm for investigating multi-locus effects in complex disease: examination of three GABA receptor subunit genes on 15q11-q13 as risk factors for autistic disorder. | Ashley-Koch AE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A new test for family-based association mapping with inbred lines from plant breeding programs. | Stich B et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| APOE epsilon variation in multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease severity: some answers. | Burwick RM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A population-based latent variable approach for association mapping of quantitative trait loci. | Wang T et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A sliding-window weighted linkage disequilibrium test. | Yang HC et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association between GABRA1 and drinking behaviors in the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism sample. | Dick DM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association of GABRA2 with drug dependence in the collaborative study of the genetics of alcoholism sample. | Agrawal A et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association of Reelin gene polymorphisms with autism. | Serajee FJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association of the kappa-opioid system with alcohol dependence. | Xuei X et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Association of the truncating splice site mutation in BTNL2 with multiple sclerosis is secondary to HLA-DRB1*15. | Traherne JA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Class II cytokine receptor gene cluster is a major locus for hepatitis B persistence. | Frodsham AJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Current perspectives on the genetic analysis of autism. | Coon H | β | 2006 | β |
| Elevated expression and genetic association links the SOCS3 gene to atopic dermatitis. | Ekelund E et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Endophenotypes successfully lead to gene identification: results from the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism. | Dick DM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Evaluation of the genetic association of the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism in familial and sporadic systemic lupus erythematosus. | Kaufman KM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Evidence for unique association signals in SLE at the CD28-CTLA4-ICOS locus in a family-based study. | Cunninghame Graham DS et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Evidence of linkage to chromosome 9q22.33 in colorectal cancer kindreds from the United Kingdom. | Kemp ZE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Exploring the association of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene and Alzheimer disease. | Lin PI et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Failure to support a genetic contribution of AKT1 polymorphisms and altered AKT signaling in schizophrenia. | Ide M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Family-based case-control study of MAOA and MAOB polymorphisms in Parkinson disease. | Kang SJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Fine mapping of genetic susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome on chromosome 19p13.2 and tests for regulatory activity. | Stewart DR et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Genetic association tests based on ranks (GATOR) for quantitative traits with and without censoring. | Allen AS et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Haplotype analysis of tumour necrosis factor receptor genes in 1p36: no evidence for association with systemic lupus erythematosus. | Chadha S et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Haplotype-based association analysis of 56 functional candidate genes in the IBD6 locus on chromosome 19. | Tello-Ruiz MK et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Haplotypes spanning SPEC2, PDZ-GEF2 and ACSL6 genes are associated with schizophrenia. | Chen X et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Heterogeneity at the HLA-DRB1 locus and risk for multiple sclerosis. | Barcellos LF et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Improving the power of association tests for quantitative traits in family studies. | Diao G et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Investigation of autism and GABA receptor subunit genes in multiple ethnic groups. | Collins AL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Lack of MEF2A Delta7aa mutation in Irish families with early onset ischaemic heart disease, a family based study. | Horan PG et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Localization of a susceptibility locus for hepatocellular carcinoma to chromosome 4q in a hepatitis B hyperendemic area. | Shih WL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Monte Carlo pedigree disequilibrium test for markers on the X chromosome. | Ding J et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Neural tube defects and folate pathway genes: family-based association tests of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. | Boyles AL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| NOS2A and the modulating effect of cigarette smoking in Parkinson's disease. | Hancock DB et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| PedGenie: an analysis approach for genetic association testing in extended pedigrees and genealogies of arbitrary size. | Allen-Brady K et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Sequence and haplotype analysis supports HLA-C as the psoriasis susceptibility 1 gene. | Nair RP et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Statistical methods for the analysis of genetic association studies. | Zou GY | β | 2006 | β |
| The APL test: extension to general nuclear families and haplotypes and examination of its robustness. | Chung RH et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Variants implicated in cortisone reductase deficiency do not contribute to susceptibility to common forms of polycystic ovary syndrome. | Draper N et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A family-based association study and gene expression analyses of netrin-G1 and -G2 genes in schizophrenia. | Aoki-Suzuki M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| A genome-wide scanning and fine mapping study of COGA data. | Yang HC et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Allelic heterogeneity at the serotonin transporter locus (SLC6A4) confers susceptibility to autism and rigid-compulsive behaviors. | Sutcliffe JS et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| A locus on chromosome 9p predisposes to a specific disease manifestation, acute anterior uveitis, in ankylosing spondylitis, a genetically complex, multisystem, inflammatory disease. | Martin TM et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Analysis of ALDH1A2, CYP26A1, CYP26B1, CRABP1, and CRABP2 in human neural tube defects suggests a possible association with alleles in ALDH1A2. | Deak KL et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Analysis of multiple data sets reveals no association between the insulin gene variable number tandem repeat element and polycystic ovary syndrome or related traits. | Powell BL et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Analysis of the RELN gene as a genetic risk factor for autism. | Skaar DA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Apolipoprotein E4 is probably responsible for the chromosome 19 linkage peak for Parkinson's disease. | Martinez M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Application of a rank-based genetic association test to age-at-onset data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism study. | Li YJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Association analysis of the R620W polymorphism of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 in systemic lupus erythematosus families: increased T allele frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. | Wu H et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Association between the neuron-specific RNA-binding protein ELAVL4 and Parkinson disease. | Noureddine MA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Association of haplotypes in the beta-chemokine locus with multiple sclerosis. | Vyshkina T et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Candidate gene analysis in human neural tube defects. | Boyles AL et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Candidate-gene screening and association analysis at the autism-susceptibility locus on chromosome 16p: evidence of association at GRIN2A and ABAT. | Barnby G et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Characterization of genotype-phenotype relationships and stratification by the CARD15 variant genotype for inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility loci using multiple short tandem repeat genetic markers. | Crawford NP et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Combined linkage and association mapping of quantitative trait loci by multiple markers. | Jung J et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Complex trait mapping in isolated populations: Are specific statistical methods required? | Bourgain C et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Disease-specific target selection: a critical first step down the right road. | Roses AD et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Evaluation of SLC11A1 as an inflammatory bowel disease candidate gene. | Crawford NP et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Extension of the SIMLA package for generating pedigrees with complex inheritance patterns: environmental covariates, gene-gene and gene-environment interaction. | Schmidt M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Family-based association between Alzheimer's disease and variants in UBQLN1. | Bertram L et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Family-based association studies of lipid gene polymorphisms in coronary artery disease. | Allen A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Fine mapping of the psoriasis susceptibility gene PSORS1: a reassessment of risk associated with a putative risk haplotype lacking HLA-Cw6. | Elder JT et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Functional promoter haplotypes of the human FAS gene are associated with the phenotype of SLE characterized by thrombocytopenia. | NolsΓΈe RL et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Functional variants in SUMO4, TAB2, and NFkappaB and the risk of type 1 diabetes. | Kosoy R et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Further evidence for LBP-1c/CP2/LSF association in Alzheimer's disease families. | Bertram L et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Gene expression and association analyses of LIM (PDLIM5) in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. | Kato T et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genetic association studies. | Cordell HJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genetic association studies of complex traits: design and analysis issues. | Newton-Cheh C et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genetic variants of Complex I in multiple sclerosis. | Vyshkina T et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Genome-wide association studies for common diseases and complex traits. | Hirschhorn JN et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Haplotype structure of TNFRSF5-TNFSF5 (CD40-CD40L) and association analysis in systemic lupus erythematosus. | Chadha S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Haplotypes within genes of beta-chemokines in 17q11 are associated with multiple sclerosis: a second phase study. | Vyshkina T et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Heterogeneity: GAW Group 15. | Vieland VJ | β | 2005 | β |
| Human galanin (GAL) and galanin 1 receptor (GALR1) variations are not involved in fat intake and early onset obesity. | SchΓ€uble N et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Identification of multiple serine racemase (SRR) mRNA isoforms and genetic analyses of SRR and DAO in schizophrenia and D-serine levels. | Yamada K et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Identification of risk and age-at-onset genes on chromosome 1p in Parkinson disease. | Oliveira SA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Identification of significant association and gene-gene interaction of GABA receptor subunit genes in autism. | Ma DQ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Joint modeling of linkage and association: identifying SNPs responsible for a linkage signal. | Li M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Lack of support for the association between GAD2 polymorphisms and severe human obesity. | Swarbrick MM et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Linkage at 5q14.3-15 in multiplex systemic lupus erythematosus pedigrees stratified by autoimmune thyroid disease. | Namjou B et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Localization of PSORS1 to a haplotype block harboring HLA-C and distinct from corneodesmosin and HCR. | Helms C et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Meta-analysis in psychiatric genetics. | Levinson DF | β | 2005 | β |
| Multifactor dimensionality reduction for detecting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in pharmacogenomics studies. | Ritchie MD et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| No association between E- and L-selectin genes and SLE: soluble L-selectin levels do correlate with genotype and a subset in SLE. | Russell AI et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| No association of the GABAA receptor genes on chromosome 5 with alcoholism in the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism sample. | Dick DM et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| PBAT: a comprehensive software package for genome-wide association analysis of complex family-based studies. | Van Steen K et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Pedigree linkage disequilibrium mapping of quantitative trait loci. | Fan R et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene are associated with BehΓ§et's disease. | Karasneh JA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Preferential transmission and association of the -403 G --> A promoter RANTES polymorphism with atopic asthma. | Al-Abdulhadi SA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Protein tyrosine phosphatase gene PTPN22 polymorphism in psoriasis: lack of evidence for association. | Nistor I et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Refinement of the DFNA41 locus and candidate genes analysis. | Yan D et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| SNPs in the neural cell adhesion molecule 1 gene (NCAM1) may be associated with human neural tube defects. | Deak KL et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Standard linkage and association methods identify the mechanism of four susceptibility genes for a simulated complex disease. | Pankratz N et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Statistical tools for linkage analysis and genetic association studies. | Forabosco P et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Studies of reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1) A80G and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphisms with neural tube and orofacial cleft defects. | Vieira AR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Support for the homeobox transcription factor gene ENGRAILED 2 as an autism spectrum disorder susceptibility locus. | Benayed R et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Tapasin gene polymorphism in systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: a family-based case-control study. | Bukulmez H et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The genetics of type 1 diabetes: lessons learned and future challenges. | Onengut-Gumuscu S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The R620W polymorphism of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN22 is not associated with multiple sclerosis. | Begovich AB et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The SPINK1 N34S mutation is not associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population of the USA. | Schneider A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Transmission disequilibrium of polymorphic variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase-2 gene in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. | Walitza S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Variation in CASP10 gene is associated with idiopathic talipes equinovarus. | Heck AL et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Variation in IRF6 contributes to nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. | Blanton SH et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Whole-genome association studies of alcoholism with loci linked to schizophrenia susceptibility. | Namkung J et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| A functional polymorphism (1858C/T) in the PTPN22 gene is linked and associated with type I diabetes in multiplex families. | Onengut-Gumuscu S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A functional variant of IRS1 is associated with type 1 diabetes in families from the US and UK. | Morrison VA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A genome-wide scan for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in affected sibpair families provides evidence of linkage. | Thompson SD et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A linkage disequilibrium map of the 1-Mb 15q12 GABA(A) receptor subunit cluster and association to autism. | McCauley JL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Analysis of the autism chromosome 2 linkage region: GAD1 and other candidate genes. | Rabionet R et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Apolipoprotein E controls the risk and age at onset of Parkinson disease. | Li YJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Apolipoprotein E is associated with age at onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | Li YJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Association of chromosomal regions 3p21.2, 10p13, and 16p13.3 with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate. | Blanton SH et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Association of Fcgamma receptor IIA, but not IIB and IIIA, polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus: A family-based association study in Caucasians. | Kyogoku C et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Association of GABRG3 with alcohol dependence. | Dick DM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Association of the homeobox transcription factor, ENGRAILED 2, 3, with autism spectrum disorder. | Gharani N et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Association of tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase gene polymorphism with autism. | Nabi R et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a population isolate: linkage to loci at 4q13.2, 5q33.3, 11q22, and 17p11. | Arcos-Burgos M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A vulnerability locus to multiple sclerosis maps to 7p15 in a region syntenic to an EAE locus in the rat. | Coppin H et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Case/pseudocontrol analysis in genetic association studies: A unified framework for detection of genotype and haplotype associations, gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, and parent-of-origin effects. | Cordell HJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| CD45 (PTPRC) as a candidate gene in multiple sclerosis. | Vyshkina T et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Chromosome 7q21-22 and multiple sclerosis. | Villoslada P et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Comprehensive association analysis of APOE regulatory region polymorphisms in Alzheimer disease. | Nicodemus KK et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| CTLA-4 polymorphisms in allergy and asthma and the TH1/ TH2 paradigm. | Munthe-Kaas MC et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Cytokine gene polymorphisms in ischaemic heart disease: investigation using family-based tests of association. | McGlinchey PG et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism and ischemic heart disease. | Spence MS et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Examination of candidate genes in language disorder: a model of genetic association for treatment studies. | Haines J et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Examination of NRCAM, LRRN3, KIAA0716, and LAMB1 as autism candidate genes. | Hutcheson HB et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Examination of potential overlap in autism and language loci on chromosomes 2, 7, and 13 in two independent samples ascertained for specific language impairment. | Bartlett CW et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Family-based association study of schizophrenia with 444 markers and analysis of a new susceptibility locus mapped to 11q13.3. | Yamada K et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Family-based tests for associating haplotypes with general phenotype data: application to asthma genetics. | Horvath S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Fibroblast growth factor 20 polymorphisms and haplotypes strongly influence risk of Parkinson disease. | van der Walt JM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Functional annotation of a novel NFKB1 promoter polymorphism that increases risk for ulcerative colitis. | Karban AS et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genetic and expression analyses of FZD3 in schizophrenia. | Ide M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genetic studies in familial ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility. | Zhang G et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genome-wide linkage analysis for hypospadias susceptibility genes. | FrisΓ©n L et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Haplotype analysis of SNAP-25 suggests a role in the aetiology of ADHD. | Mill J et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Increasing the power and efficiency of disease-marker case-control association studies through use of allele-sharing information. | Fingerlin TE et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Lack of association between the -2518G/A polymorphism of the MCP-1 gene and ischaemic heart disease: a family-based investigation. | McGlinchey PG et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Lack of linkage of IL1RN genotypes with ankylosing spondylitis susceptibility. | Jin L et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Lack of support for a genetic association of the XBP1 promoter polymorphism with bipolar disorder in probands of European origin. | Cichon S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Linkage and association analysis at the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) locus in a rigid-compulsive subset of autism. | McCauley JL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Linkage and association between distinct variants of the APOA1/C3/A4/A5 gene cluster and familial combined hyperlipidemia. | Eichenbaum-Voline S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Linkage and association with the NOS2A locus on chromosome 17q11 in multiple sclerosis. | Barcellos LF et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Linkage disequilibrium and haplotype tagging polymorphisms in the Tau H1 haplotype. | Oliveira SA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Linkage disequilibrium mapping of schizophrenia susceptibility to the CAPON region of chromosome 1q22. | Brzustowicz LM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Linkage studies of schizophrenia. | Riley B | β | 2004 | β |
| Mapping multiple sclerosis susceptibility to the HLA-DR locus in African Americans. | Oksenberg JR et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| No association between the APOE gene and autism. | Raiford KL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate: four chromosomal regions of interest. | Blanton SH et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Optimal designs for linkage disequilibrium mapping and candidate gene association tests in livestock populations. | Stella A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Pedigree disequilibrium test (PDT) replicates association and linkage between DRD4 and ADHD in multigenerational and extended pedigrees from a genetic isolate. | Arcos-Burgos M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Polymorphism at the C-reactive protein locus influences gene expression and predisposes to systemic lupus erythematosus. | Russell AI et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Polymorphisms in the amino acid transporter solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter) member 14 gene contribute to polygenic obesity in French Caucasians. | Durand E et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Properties of case/pseudocontrol analysis for genetic association studies: Effects of recombination, ascertainment, and multiple affected offspring. | Cordell HJ | β | 2004 | β |
| Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) gene is associated with schizophrenia in Irish high density families. | Chen X et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Replication study supports evidence for linkage to 9p24 in obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Willour VL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Reproductive behavior in wild baboons. | Alberts SC et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| TERC is not a major gene in human neural tube defects. | Benz LP et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The contribution of three strong candidate schizophrenia susceptibility genes in demographically distinct populations. | Hall D et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene K469E polymorphism is not associated with ischaemic heart disease: an investigation using family-based tests of association. | McGlinchey PG et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Variants in the catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene are associated with schizophrenia in Irish high-density families. | Chen X et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Variation at the IRF2 gene and susceptibility to psoriasis in chromosome 4q-linked families. | Parkinson J et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Variations in GABRA2, encoding the alpha 2 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, are associated with alcohol dependence and with brain oscillations. | Edenberg HJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Accounting for linkage in family-based tests of association with missing parental genotypes. | Martin ER et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Admixture mapping using interval transmission/disequilibrium tests. | Lee WC et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A general class of association tests for family-based data using weight functions. | Liu X et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Analysis of a cluster of polymorphisms in AKT1 gene in bipolar pedigrees: a family-based association study. | Toyota T et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A putative RUNX1 binding site variant between SLC9A3R1 and NAT9 is associated with susceptibility to psoriasis. | Helms C et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Association of INPP1, PIK3CG, and TSC2 gene variants with autistic disorder: implications for phosphatidylinositol signalling in autism. | Serajee FJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Association of NOD2 with Crohn's disease in a homogenous Irish population. | Bairead E et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Candidate gene analysis for quantitative traits using the transmission disequilibrium test: the example of the melanocortin 4-receptor in pigs. | HernΓ‘ndez-SΓ‘nchez J et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| CD24 is a genetic modifier for risk and progression of multiple sclerosis. | Zhou Q et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Defining the autism minimum candidate gene region on chromosome 7. | Hutcheson HB et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Dense linkage disequilibrium mapping in the 15q11-q13 maternal expression domain yields evidence for association in autism. | Nurmi EL et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Disease associations and family-based tests. | Ewens WJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| GAD2 on chromosome 10p12 is a candidate gene for human obesity. | Boutin P et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Genetic analysis of a functional GRIN2A promoter (GT)n repeat in bipolar disorder pedigrees in humans. | Itokawa M et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Genetic epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. | Hirschhorn JN | β | 2003 | β |
| Genetic linkage and association studies in bipolar affective disorder: a time for optimism. | Schulze TG et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Genotype-based association test for general pedigrees: the genotype-PDT. | Martin ER et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| HLA-DR2 dose effect on susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and influence on disease course. | Barcellos LF et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Identification of a high-risk haplotype for the dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene in the Irish study of high-density schizophrenia families. | van den Oord EJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Linkage analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinally derived phenotypic measures to identify loci influencing blood pressure. | Shephard N et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| MDR1 Ala893 polymorphism is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. | Brant SR et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Modest evidence for linkage and possible confirmation of association between NOTCH4 and schizophrenia in a large Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study sample. | Skol AD et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Osteopontin polymorphisms and disease course in multiple sclerosis. | Caillier S et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Pharmacogenomic analysis of interferon receptor polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis. | Sriram U et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Screening of nine candidate genes for autism on chromosome 2q reveals rare nonsynonymous variants in the cAMP-GEFII gene. | Bacchelli E et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Teasing apart the complex genetics of human autoimmunity: lessons from rheumatoid arthritis. | Gregersen PK | β | 2003 | β |
| The genetic epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. | Kenealy SJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| The International Psoriasis Genetics Study: assessing linkage to 14 candidate susceptibility loci in a cohort of 942 affected sib pairs. | International Psoriasis Genetics Consortium | β | 2003 | β |
| The Q7R Saitohin gene polymorphism is not associated with Alzheimer disease. | Oliveira SA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Updated investigations of the role of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in human neural tube defects. | Rampersaud E et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A regulatory polymorphism in PDCD1 is associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus in humans. | Prokunina L et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Association of polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E region with susceptibility to and progression of multiple sclerosis. | Schmidt S et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Association of ulcerative colitis with the inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility locus IBD2 in non-Jewish Caucasians and evidence of genetic heterogeneity among racial and ethnic populations with Crohn disease. | Uthoff SM et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Combined segregation and linkage analysis of HLA markers in familial psoriasis. | Guo SW et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Dissecting the genetic complexity of the association between human leukocyte antigens and rheumatoid arthritis. | Jawaheer D et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Evaluation of the positional candidate gene CHRNA7 at the juvenile myoclonic epilepsy locus (EJM2) on chromosome 15q13-14. | Taske NL et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Evidence for a cleft palate only locus on chromosome 4 near MSX1. | Hecht JT et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Evidence for a novel type 1 diabetes susceptibility locus on chromosome 8. | Sale MM et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Family-based investigation of the C677T polymorphism of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in ischaemic heart disease. | Spence MS et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Genetic association mapping at the crossroads: which test and why? Overview and practical guidelines. | Schulze TG et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Genetic basis for clinical expression in multiple sclerosis. | Barcellos LF et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Genetic linkage and association of Fcgamma receptor IIIA (CD16A) on chromosome 1q23 with human systemic lupus erythematosus. | Edberg JC et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Genetics of osteoporosis. | Peacock M et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Linkage analysis between childhood absence epilepsy and genes encoding GABAA and GABAB receptors, voltage-dependent calcium channels, and the ECA1 region on chromosome 8q. | Robinson R et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| No evidence for involvement of the calpain-10 gene 'high-risk' haplotype combination for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in early onset obesity. | Hinney A et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 18 control variation in levels of T and B lymphocyte subpopulations. | Hall MA et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Recent advances in the genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus. | Gaffney PM et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Testing for candidate gene linkage disequilibrium using a dense array of single nucleotide polymorphisms in case-parents studies. | Lee WC | β | 2002 | β |
| The HLA locus and multiple sclerosis in Spain. Role in disease susceptibility, clinical course and response to interferon-beta. | Villoslada P et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| T locus shows no evidence for linkage disequilibrium or mutation in American Caucasian neural tube defect families. | Speer MC et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Unified sampling approach for multipoint linkage disequilibrium mapping of qualitative and quantitative traits. | Hsu FC et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Visualizing human leukocyte antigen class II risk haplotypes in human systemic lupus erythematosus. | Graham RR et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes using the pedigree disequilibrium test. | Hardy SW et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Analysis of the association of HLA-DRB1, TNFalpha promoter and TNFR2 (TNFRSF1B) polymorphisms with SLE using transmission disequilibrium test. | Tsuchiya N et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| A robust score test for linkage disequilibrium in general pedigrees. | Kraft P | β | 2001 | β |
| Association analysis of chromosome 15 gabaa receptor subunit genes in autistic disorder. | Menold MM et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association mapping: where we've been, where we're going. | Nielsen DM et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association of NOD2 leucine-rich repeat variants with susceptibility to Crohn's disease. | Hugot JP et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the tau gene with late-onset Parkinson disease. | Martin ER et al. | β | 2001 | β |
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| Correcting for a potential bias in the pedigree disequilibrium test. | Martin ER et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Genetic linkage and transmission disequilibrium of marker haplotypes at chromosome 1q41 in human systemic lupus erythematosus. | Graham RR et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Identifying susceptibility genes using linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis in large pedigrees. | Meng Z et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Lack of association between NOD2 3020InsC frameshift mutation and psoriasis. | Nair RP et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Life after the screen: making sense of many P-values. | Schmidt S et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Linkage disequilibrium at the Angelman syndrome gene UBE3A in autism families. | Nurmi EL et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Multipoint linkage-disequilibrium-mapping approach based on the case-parent trio design. | Liang KY et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Parametric linkage analysis and disequilibrium methods to identify loci for complex disease. | McClintick J et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Power calculations for a general class of tests of linkage and association that use nuclear families with affected and unaffected sibs. | Kaplan NL et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| PTPRC (CD45) is not associated with the development of multiple sclerosis in U.S. patients. | Barcellos LF et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Sequence variation in the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) gene and multiple sclerosis susceptibility. | Green AJ et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Shifting paradigms in gene-mapping methodology for complex traits. | Sham P | β | 2001 | β |
| Test of association for quantitative traits in general pedigrees: the quantitative pedigree disequilibrium test. | Zhang S et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| The power to detect linkage disequilibrium with quantitative traits in selected samples. | Abecasis GR et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Using complex plant pedigrees to map valuable genes. | Jannink J et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Wingless-type frizzled protein receptor signaling and its putative role in human colon cancer. | Uthoff SM et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| A test for linkage and association in general pedigrees: the pedigree disequilibrium test. | Martin ER et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Family-based association studies. | Zhao H | β | 2000 | β |
| Family-based tests of association in the presence of linkage. | Lake SL et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Identification of novel genes in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. | Pericak-Vance MA et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| SNPing away at complex diseases: analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms around APOE in Alzheimer disease. | Martin ER et al. | β | 2000 | β |