Mendelian Randomization: New Applications in the Coming Age of Hypothesis-Free Causality.
paper
Cited
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- Authors
- Evans, David M; Davey Smith, George
- Year
- 2015
- Journal
- Annual review of genomics and human genetics
- PMID
- 25939054
- DOI
- 10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-050016
Mendelian randomization (MR) is an approach that uses genetic variants associated with a modifiable exposure or biological intermediate to estimate the causal relationship between these variables and a medically relevant outcome. Although it was initially developed to examine the relationship between modifiable exposures/biomarkers and disease, its use has expanded to encompass applications in molecular epidemiology, systems biology, pharmacogenomics, and many other areas. The purpose of this review is to introduce MR, the principles behind the approach, and its limitations. We consider some of the new applications of the methodology, including informing drug development, and comment on some promising extensions, including two-step, two-sample, and bidirectional MR. We show how these new methods can be combined to efficiently examine causality in complex biological networks and provide a new framework to data mine high-dimensional studies as we transition into the age of hypothesis-free causality.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Evaluating the association between dietary salt intake and the risk of atrial fibrillation using Mendelian randomization. | Wang S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Evaluating the Association Between Genetically Proxied Neurodevelopmental Language Phenotypes and the Risk of Primary Progressive Aphasia. | Nassan M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Evidence of causality of low body mass index on risk of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a Mendelian randomization study. | Otomo N et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Exploring causal effects of smoking and alcohol related lifestyle factors on self-report tiredness: A Mendelian randomization study. | Li H et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Genetically predicted obstructive sleep apnea is causally associated with an increased risk for periodontitis. | Mi Z et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Genetic insights into ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine. | Koike Y et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Genetic link between primary sclerosing cholangitis and thyroid dysfunction: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. | Zhang W et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Gut microbiota and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: evidence from the Mendelian randomization study. | Wu X et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Leveraging molecular quantitative trait loci to comprehend complex diseases/traits from the omics perspective. | Zhu Z et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Mendelian randomization analysis revealed potential metabolic causal factors for breast cancer. | Zhou M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Mendelian randomization and transcriptomic analysis reveal an inverse causal relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cancer. | Dong Z et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Mendelian randomization studies of depression: evidence, opportunities, and challenges. | Ma WR et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Mendelian Randomization Study of Lipid Metabolites Reveals Causal Associations with Heel Bone Mineral Density. | Wu M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Mendelian randomization study of maternal coffee consumption and its influence on birthweight, stillbirth, miscarriage, gestational age and pre-term birth. | Brito Nunes C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Microbiome and its implications in oncogenesis: a Mendelian randomization perspective. | Feng K et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| MR-DoC2: Bidirectional Causal Modeling with Instrumental Variables and Data from Relatives. | Castro-de-Araujo LFS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Neurodegenerative disease and antioxidant biomarkers: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. | Zhang Q et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| No evidence of genetic causality between diabetes and osteonecrosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. | Li W et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| RNA alternative splicing impacts the risk for alcohol use disorder. | Li R et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Selection of genetic instruments in Mendelian randomisation studies of sleep traits. | Paz V et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Smoking is an independent but not a causal risk factor for moderate to severe psoriasis: A Mendelian randomization study of 105,912 individuals. | NΓ€slund-Koch C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with the risk of coeliac disease: a Mendelian randomisation study. | Wang Q et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The association between constipation and stroke based on the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study. | Du W et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The bidirectional association between atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction. | Frederiksen TC et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The bidirectional relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy: A Mendelian randomization study. | Xu L et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The causal relationship between autoimmune diseases and osteoporosis: a study based on Mendelian randomization. | Wu S et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The effects of unsaturated fatty acids on psoriasis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. | Lei H et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Genetic Causal Association between Educational Attainment and Risk of 12 Common Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization. | Sun K et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Triangulating evidence for the causal impact of single-intervention zinc supplement on glycaemic control for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trial and two-sample Mendelian randomisation. | Wang Z et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Type 2 diabetes and the risk of synovitis-tenosynovitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. | Guo J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Uncovering the complex relationship between balding, testosterone and skin cancers in men. | Ong JS et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Use of big data and machine learning algorithms to extract possible treatment targets in neurodevelopmental disorders. | Malik MA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Using human genetics to improve safety assessment of therapeutics. | Carss KJ et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Using Mendelian Randomization to Study the Role of Iron in Health and Disease. | Zeitoun T et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Visceral adipose tissue and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A Mendelian randomization study. | Tao M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| A bi-directional Mendelian randomization study of the sarcopenia-related traits and osteoporosis. | Ma XY et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Advancing a causal role of type 2 diabetes and its components in developing macro- and microvascular complications via genetic studies. | Ahmed A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between nutrition and cancer. | Wade KH et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Appraising the Causal Association between Systemic Iron Status and Heart Failure Risk: A Mendelian Randomisation Study. | Wang X et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Association between plasma proteome and childhood neurodevelopmental disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. | Yang J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Association of cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors with aortic aneurysm: A Mendelian randomization study. | Zhou J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Association of genetic variants in <i>ULK4</i> with the age of first onset of type B aortic dissection. | Huang L et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A two-sample robust Bayesian Mendelian Randomization method accounting for linkage disequilibrium and idiosyncratic pleiotropy with applications to the COVID-19 outcomes. | Wang A et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study of causality between rheumatoid arthritis and myocardial infarction. | Guo HY et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Causal associations of hand grip strength with bone mineral density and fracture risk: A mendelian randomization study. | Song J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Causal influence of dietary habits on the risk of major depressive disorder: A diet-wide Mendelian randomization analysis. | Chen TT et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Estimating the causal effect of frailty index on vestibular disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization. | Xiao G et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Estimation of the bidirectional relationship between schizophrenia and inflammatory bowel disease using the mendelian randomization approach. | Qian L et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Evaluating the impact of glucokinase activation on risk of cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. | Wang K et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Evidence of a Causal Relationship Between Vitamin D Status and Risk of Psoriasis From the UK Biobank Study. | Zhang Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Exploring the Causal Effects of Circulating ST2 and Galectin-3 on Heart Failure Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study. | Wang X et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genetically Predicted Circulating Omega-3 Fatty Acids Levels Are Causally Associated With Increased Risk for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. | Wang P et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Genetic evidence for a potential causal relationship between insomnia symptoms and suicidal behavior: a Mendelian randomization study. | Nassan M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| GWAS meta-analysis followed by Mendelian randomization revealed potential control mechanisms for circulating Ξ±-Klotho levels. | Gergei I et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Interpretation of Mendelian randomization using a single measure of an exposure that varies over time. | Morris TT et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Is Hearing Impairment Causally Associated With Falls? Evidence From a Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. | Wang J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Mendelian randomization analyses reveal novel drug targets for anorexia nervosa. | Yang J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Mendelian randomization analysis of factors related to ovulation and reproductive function and endometrial cancer risk. | D'Urso S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Mendelian Randomization Indicates a Causal Role for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. | Astore C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| No genetic causal association between iron status and osteoporosis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization. | Xu J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not a causal risk factor for psoriasis: A Mendelian randomization study of 108,835 individuals. | NΓ€slund-Koch C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Overview of CAPICE-Childhood and Adolescence Psychopathology: unravelling the complex etiology by a large Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Europe-an EU Marie SkΕodowska-Curie International Training Network. | Rajula HSR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Progress in the genetics of uveitis. | Huang XF et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies on Endometrial Cancer. | Guo JZ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The causal association of polyunsaturated fatty acids with allergic disease: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. | Li Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Visceral adipose tissue and risk of COVID-19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity: A Mendelian randomization study. | Chen L et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| An iterative approach to detect pleiotropy and perform Mendelian Randomization analysis using GWAS summary statistics. | Zhu X et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Appraising the Causal Association of Plasma Homocysteine Levels With Atrial Fibrillation Risk: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. | Chen S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Assessing Causal Relationship Between Human Blood Metabolites and Five Neurodegenerative Diseases With GWAS Summary Statistics. | Chen H et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analysis Reveal Effects of the Genetic Interaction Between <i>PtoMIR403b</i> and <i>PtoGT31B-1</i> on Wood Formation in <i>Populus tomentosa</i>. | Xiao L et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| A web-based survey on various symptoms of computer vision syndrome and the genetic understanding based on a multi-trait genome-wide association study. | Yoshimura K et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Causal relationships between genetically determined metabolites and human intelligence: a Mendelian randomization study. | Yang J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Chemical constituents, clinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms of the ethanol extract of Abelmoschus manihot flowers in treatment of kidney diseases. | Li N et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Dissecting the genetic association of C-reactive protein with PTSD, traumatic events, and social support. | Muniz Carvalho C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Evaluating Causal Relationship Between Metabolites and Six Cardiovascular Diseases Based on GWAS Summary Statistics. | Qiao J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Fasting glucose, bone area and bone mineral density: a Mendelian randomisation study. | Mitchell A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genetically determined risk of keratinocyte carcinoma and risk of other cancers. | Dusingize JC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genetically Predicted Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study. | Qu Z et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genetic disruption of serine biosynthesis is a key driver of macular telangiectasia type 2 aetiology and progression. | Bonelli R et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Genome-wide analyses of behavioural traits are subject to bias by misreports and longitudinal changes. | Xue A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Growth Factors and Their Roles in Multiple Sclerosis Risk. | Lu H et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Intraocular Pressure, Glaucoma, and Dietary Caffeine Consumption: A Gene-Diet Interaction Study from the UK Biobank. | Kim J et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Investigating the causal effect of fibroblast growth factor 23 on osteoporosis and cardiometabolic disorders: A Mendelian randomization study. | Yokomoto-Umakoshi M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children. | Muriuki JM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Mendelian randomisation study of smoking exposure in relation to breast cancer risk. | Park HA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Hemostatic Factors and Their Contribution to Peripheral Artery Disease-Brief Report. | Small AM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Mendelian randomization and pleiotropy analysis. | Zhu X | β | 2021 | β |
| Potential causal effect of posttraumatic stress disorder on alcohol use disorder and alcohol consumption in individuals of European descent: A Mendelian Randomization Study. | Bountress KE et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies on Ovarian Cancer. | Guo JZ et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Serum Uric Acid Levels and Risk of Eight Site-Specific Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. | Jiang M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Sex Differences in the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease Associated With Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. | Peters TM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Smoking is significantly associated with increased risk of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections. | Rosoff DB et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Socio-economic position as a moderator of cardiometabolic outcomes in patients receiving psychotropic treatment associated with weight gain: results from a prospective 12-month inception cohort study and a large population-based cohort. | Dubath C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Somatic mutations provide important and unique insights into the biology of complex diseases. | Olafsson S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Ten simple rules for conducting a mendelian randomization study. | Gagliano Taliun SA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The Causal Effects of Primary Biliary Cholangitis on Thyroid Dysfunction: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. | Huang P et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The impact of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels on the risk of coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study. | Chen S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The role of age at menarche and age at menopause in Alzheimer's disease: evidence from a bidirectional mendelian randomization study. | Li M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Toward personalized medicine in schizophrenia: Genetics and epigenetics of antipsychotic treatment. | Lisoway AJ et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Twin studies to GWAS: there and back again. | Friedman NP et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| A Multi-Omics Perspective of Quantitative Trait Loci in Precision Medicine. | Ye Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Bayesian network analysis incorporating genetic anchors complements conventional Mendelian randomization approaches for exploratory analysis of causal relationships in complex data. | Howey R et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Bayesian weighted Mendelian randomization for causal inference based on summary statistics. | Zhao J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Body mass index and height and risk of cutaneous melanoma: Mendelian randomization analyses. | Dusingize JC et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Causal influence of dietary habits on the risk of major depressive disorder: A diet-wide Mendelian randomization analysis | Chen T et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Co-expression analysis reveals interpretable gene modules controlled by <i>trans</i>-acting genetic variants. | Kolberg L et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Empirical comparisons of multiple Mendelian randomization approaches in the presence of assortative mating. | MinicΔ CC et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Environmental factors and risk of multiple sclerosis: Findings from meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies. | Belbasis L et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| From GWAS to Function: Using Functional Genomics to Identify the Mechanisms Underlying Complex Diseases. | Cano-Gamez E et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Impaired fasting glucose and development of chronic kidney disease in non-diabetic population: a Mendelian randomization study. | Kim H et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Mendelian Randomization analysis of the causal effect of adiposity on hospital costs. | Dixon P et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Mendelian randomization while jointly modeling cis genetics identifies causal relationships between gene expression and lipids. | van der Graaf A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization mapping the influence of the plasma proteome on complex diseases. | Zheng J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The Effect of Plasma Lipids and Lipid-Lowering Interventions on Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study. | Zheng J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Using Mendelian randomization to understand and develop treatments for neurodegenerative disease. | Storm CS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| 2018 George Lyman Duff Memorial Lecture: Genetics and Genomics of Coronary Artery Disease: A Decade of Progress. | McPherson R | β | 2019 | β |
| Alcohol consumption and diabetes risk in a Chinese population: a Mendelian randomization analysis. | Peng M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Causal relationships among the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids and metabolic diseases. | Sanna S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Elucidating the role of maternal environmental exposures on offspring health and disease using two-sample Mendelian randomization. | Evans DM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Genetic and lifestyle risk factors for MRI-defined brain infarcts in a population-based setting. | Chauhan G et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Gut microbial short-chain fatty acids and the risk of diabetes. | Lau WL et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Limitations and Misinterpretations of E-Values for Sensitivity Analyses of Observational Studies. | Ioannidis JPA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Mendelian randomisation: A powerful and inexpensive method for identifying and excluding non-genetic risk factors for colorectal cancer. | Cornish AJ et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Powerful three-sample genome-wide design and robust statistical inference in summary-data Mendelian randomization. | Zhao Q et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Psychiatric genetics and the structure of psychopathology. | Smoller JW et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Trans Effects on Gene Expression Can Drive Omnigenic Inheritance. | Liu X et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Use of Mendelian Randomization to Examine Causal Inference in Osteoporosis. | Zheng J et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| A case-control study: The association of serum paraoxonase 1 activity and concentration with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. | Crow JA et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Use Modifies the Sulfation of Sex Hormones. | Cohen IV et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Are serum concentrations of vitamin B-12 causally related to cardiometabolic risk factors and disease? A Mendelian randomization study. | Moen GH et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Assessing causal relationships using genetic proxies for exposures: an introduction to Mendelian randomization. | Katikireddi SV et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Association Between Population Density and Genetic Risk for Schizophrenia. | Colodro-Conde L et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Association of CETP Gene Variants With Risk for Vascular and Nonvascular Diseases Among Chinese Adults. | Millwood IY et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data. | Zhu Z et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Causal Inference in Cancer Epidemiology: What Is the Role of Mendelian Randomization? | Yarmolinsky J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. | Verbanck M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| DRD4 methylation as a potential biomarker for physical aggression: An epigenome-wide, cross-tissue investigation. | Cecil CAM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Embracing polygenicity: a review of methods and tools for psychiatric genetics research. | Maier RM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Evaluating the potential role of pleiotropy in Mendelian randomization studies. | Hemani G et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Extending Causality Tests with Genetic Instruments: An Integration of Mendelian Randomization with the Classical Twin Design. | MinicΔ CC et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Fetal Origins of Mental Disorders? An Answer Based on Mendelian Randomization. | Arafat S et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Genetic studies of gestational duration and preterm birth. | Zhang G et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Genome-wide identification of directed gene networks using large-scale population genomics data. | Luijk R et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Glucose and Insulin-Related Traits, Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of Schizophrenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study. | Li Z et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| How Eliminating Malaria May Also Prevent Iron Deficiency in African Children. | Muriuki JM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Influence of puberty timing on adiposity and cardiometabolic traits: A Mendelian randomisation study. | Bell JA et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) as a marker of cognitive decline in normal ageing: A review. | Frater J et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Mendelian randomisation study of age at menarche and age at menopause and the risk of colorectal cancer. | Neumeyer S et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians. | Davies NM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Transcriptomic Studies of Malaria: a Paradigm for Investigation of Systemic Host-Pathogen Interactions. | Lee HJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Understanding the role of bitter taste perception in coffee, tea and alcohol consumption through Mendelian randomization. | Ong JS et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Use of Mendelian <b>R</b>andomization for <b>I</b>dentifying <b>R</b>isk <b>F</b>actors for <b>B</b>rain <b>T</b>umors. | Howell AE et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Using Mendelian Randomization to Decipher Mechanisms of Bone Disease. | Trajanoska K et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A decade of progress on the genetic basis of coronary artery disease. Practical insights for the internist. | Girelli D et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| A Mendelian Randomization Study of the Effect of Type-2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits on Bone Mineral Density. | Ahmad OS et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Big knowledge from big data in functional genomics. | Ponting CP | β | 2017 | β |
| Genetic variation in the ADIPOQ gene, adiponectin concentrations and risk of colorectal cancer: a Mendelian Randomization analysis using data from three large cohort studies. | Nimptsch K et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Identification of 153 new loci associated with heel bone mineral density and functional involvement of GPC6 in osteoporosis. | Kemp JP et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Identification of new susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes and shared etiological pathways with coronary heart disease. | Zhao W et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| LD Hub: a centralized database and web interface to perform LD score regression that maximizes the potential of summary level GWAS data for SNP heritability and genetic correlation analysis. | Zheng J et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Leveraging human genetics to guide drug target discovery. | Stitziel NO et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Mendelian randomization in cardiometabolic disease: challenges in evaluating causality. | Holmes MV et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Metabolome-wide association study identified the association between a circulating polyunsaturated fatty acids variant rs174548 and lung cancer. | Wang C et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Nutrition from the Inside Out. | Bier DM | β | 2017 | β |
| Recent Developments in Mendelian Randomization Studies. | Zheng J et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Serum calcium and risk of migraine: a Mendelian randomization study. | Yin P et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Translating Measures of Biological Aging to Test Effectiveness of Geroprotective Interventions: What Can We Learn from Research on Telomeres? | Hastings WJ et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Vitamin D and mental health - the scrutiny of science delivers a sober message. | McGrath JJ | β | 2017 | β |
| A phenome-wide association study of a lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 loss-of-function variant in 90 000 Chinese adults. | Millwood IY et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| A Strategy for Genomic Research on Common Cardiovascular Diseases Aiming at the Realization of Precision Medicine: Personal Insights and Perspectives. | Morita H et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Estimating Marginal Healthcare Costs Using Genetic Variants as Instrumental Variables: Mendelian Randomization in Economic Evaluation. | Dixon P et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Insight into rheumatological cause and effect through the use of Mendelian randomization. | Robinson PC et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Loss-of-Function Variant and Risk of Vascular Diseases in 90,000 Chinese Adults. | Millwood IY et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Mendelian randomization analysis of a time-varying exposure for binary disease outcomes using functional data analysis methods. | Cao Y et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Mendelian Randomization as an Approach to Assess Causality Using Observational Data. | Sekula P et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Mendelian randomization in (epi)genetic epidemiology: an effective tool to be handled with care. | Latvala A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Metabolic profiling-multitude of technologies with great research potential, but (when) will translation emerge? | Ala-Korpela M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Telomere length and health outcomes: A two-sample genetic instrumental variables analysis. | Hamad R et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The Role of Host Genetics (and Genomics) in Tuberculosis. | Naranbhai V | β | 2016 | β |
| Using Mendelian randomization to investigate a possible causal relationship between adiposity and increased bone mineral density at different skeletal sites in children. | Kemp JP et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Genetics and genomics of psychiatric disease. | Geschwind DH et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Nonstatin Low-Density Lipoprotein-Lowering Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction-Statement From ATVB Council. | Hegele RA et al. | β | 2015 | β |