How brain oscillations form memories--a processing based perspective on oscillatory subsequent memory effects.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Hanslmayr, Simon; Staudigl, Tobias
- Year
- 2014
- Journal
- NeuroImage
- PMID
- 23769913
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.121
Brain oscillations are increasingly recognized by memory researchers as a useful tool to unravel the neural mechanisms underlying the formation of a memory trace. However, the increasing numbers of published studies paint a rather complex picture of the relation between brain oscillations and memory formation. Concerning oscillatory amplitude, for instance, increases as well as decreases in various frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta and gamma) were associated with memory formation. These results cast doubt on frameworks putting forward the idea of an oscillatory signature that is uniquely related to memory formation. In an attempt to clarify this issue we here provide an alternative perspective, derived from classic cognitive frameworks/principles of memory. On the basis of Craik's levels of processing framework and Tulving's encoding specificity principle we hypothesize that brain oscillations during encoding might primarily reflect the perceptual and cognitive processes engaged by the encoding task. These processes may then lead to later successful retrieval depending on their overlap with the processes engaged by the memory test. As a consequence, brain oscillatory correlates of memory formation could vary dramatically depending on how the memory is encoded, and on how it is being tested later. Focusing on oscillatory amplitude changes and on theta-to-gamma cross-frequency coupling, we here review recent evidence showing how brain oscillatory subsequent memory effects can be modulated, and sometimes even be reversed, by varying encoding tasks, and the contextual overlap between encoding and retrieval.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks — full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Predicting Alcohol-Related Memory Problems in Older Adults: A Machine Learning Study with Multi-Domain Features. | 2023 | 37232664 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Encoding of modality-specific face engrams promotes distinct recruitment of mnemonic processing mechanisms: A mobile-EEG study comparing encoding and retrieval of 2D and 3D avatars under virtual reality conditions. | Sagehorn M et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Modulation of midfrontal theta and posterior alpha during the construction and elaboration of autobiographical memories in individuals with highly superior autobiographical memory. | Pedale T et al. | — | 2026 | → |
| Investigating the role of spatial perception in literal and metaphorical language comprehension. | Liu X et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Is transcranial alternating current stimulation effective for improving working memory? A three-level meta-analysis. | Zhang S et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Neural Dynamics of Relational Memory Retrieval Across Eye Movements. | Nikolaev AR et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Precuneus-to-hippocampus connectivity links LTP-like plasticity to cognitive function in subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment. | Song J et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Serial dependence in face-gender classification revealed in low-beta frequency EEG. | Ranieri G et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| Time-Resolved Aperiodic and Oscillatory Dynamics during Human Visual Memory Encoding. | Preston M et al. | — | 2025 | → |
| A third kind of episodic memory: Context familiarity is distinct from item familiarity and recollection | Addante RJ et al. | — | 2024 | — |
| Context familiarity is a third kind of episodic memory distinct from item familiarity and recollection. | Addante RJ et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Data-driven control of oscillator networks with population-level measurement. | Vu M et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Differential online and offline effects of theta-tACS on memory encoding and retrieval. | Paßmann S et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| EEG decoders track memory dynamics. | Li Y et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Harmonic memory signals in the human cerebral cortex induced by semantic relatedness of words. | Noguchi Y | — | 2024 | → |
| Rhythmic Temporal Cues Coordinate Cross-frequency Phase-amplitude Coupling during Memory Encoding. | Townsend PH et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Theta and alpha oscillations in human hippocampus and medial parietal cortex support the formation of location-based representations. | Satish A et al. | — | 2024 | → |
| Altered alpha/beta desynchronization during item-context binding contributes to the associative deficit in older age. | Karlsson AE et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| An ERP measure of non-conscious memory reveals dissociable implicit processes in human recognition using an open-source automated analytic pipeline. | Addante RJ et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| A role for the fornix in temporal sequence memory. | Read ML et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Cortico-ocular coupling in the service of episodic memory formation. | Popov T et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Early- and late-phase changes of brain activity and early-phase neuromodulation in the posttraumatic stress disorder rat model. | Chang SH et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Episodic memory formation in unrestricted viewing. | Nikolaev AR et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Learning of new associations invokes a major change in modulations of cortical beta oscillations in human adults. | Pavlova A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Listening to familiar music induces continuous inhibition of alpha and low-beta power. | Malekmohammadi A et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Neural temporal context reinstatement of event structure during memory recall. | Lohnas LJ et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Optimal phase-selective entrainment of heterogeneous oscillator ensembles. | Singhal B et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Predicting Alcohol-Related Memory Problems in Older Adults: A Machine Learning Study with Multi-Domain Features. | Kamarajan C et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The association between working memory precision and the nonlinear dynamics of frontal and parieto-occipital EEG activity. | Chang WS et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| The neural mechanism of non-phase-locked EEG activity in task switching. | Zhang J et al. | — | 2023 | → |
| Alpha modulation in younger and older adults during distracted encoding. | Wynn SC et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Alpha suppression indexes a spotlight of visual-spatial attention that can shine on both perceptual and memory representations. | Woodman GF et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Cross-frequency coupling of frontal theta and posterior alpha is unrelated to the fidelity of visual long-term memory encoding. | Zhao C et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| EEG biomarkers of free recall. | Katerman BS et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Encoding contexts are incidentally reinstated during competitive retrieval and track the temporal dynamics of memory interference. | Bramão I et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Evidence from theta-burst stimulation that age-related de-differentiation of the hippocampal network is functional for episodic memory. | Hermiller MS et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Neural Reinstatement of Overlapping Memories in Young and Older Adults. | Lee K et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Oscillatory and Aperiodic Neural Activity Jointly Predict Language Learning. | Cross ZR et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Plasticity impairment exposes CA3 vulnerability in a hippocampal network model of mild traumatic brain injury. | Schumm SN et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Spatio-temporal theta pattern dissimilarity in the right centro-parietal area during memory generalization. | Heinbockel H et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Spectral pattern similarity analysis: Tutorial and application in developmental cognitive neuroscience. | Sommer VR et al. | — | 2022 | → |
| Brain connectivity alterations during sleep by closed-loop transcranial neurostimulation predict metamemory sensitivity. | Hubbard RJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Contribution of left supramarginal and angular gyri to episodic memory encoding: An intracranial EEG study. | Rubinstein DY et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Disentangling neocortical alpha/beta and hippocampal theta/gamma oscillations in human episodic memory formation. | Griffiths BJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Disrupted Modulation of Alpha and Low Beta Oscillations Mediates Temporal Sequence Memory Deficits in People With Schizophrenia. | Zheng Y et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Effects of age differences in memory formation on neural mechanisms of consolidation and retrieval. | Sander MC et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Enhancing vs. inhibiting semantic performance with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the anterior temporal lobe: Frequency- and task-specific effects. | Jung J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Independent dynamics of low, intermediate, and high frequency spectral intracranial EEG activities during human memory formation. | Marks VS et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Learning something new versus changing your ways: Distinct effects on midfrontal oscillations and cardiac activity for learning and flexible adjustments. | Kaiser J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Neural measures of subsequent memory reflect endogenous variability in cognitive function. | Weidemann CT et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Normal and Abnormal Sharp Wave Ripples in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal Cortex System: Implications for Memory Consolidation, Alzheimer's Disease, and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. | Zhen ZH et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Riding the slow wave: Exploring the role of entrained low-frequency oscillations in memory formation. | Hickey P et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Semantic Congruence Drives Long-Term Memory and Similarly Affects Neural Retrieval Dynamics in Young and Older Adults. | Alejandro RJ et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Stimulus-induced Alpha Suppression Tracks the Difficulty of Attentional Selection, Not Visual Working Memory Storage. | Wang S et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Stress enhances emotional memory-related theta oscillations in the medial temporal lobe. | Heinbockel H et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| The phase of Theta oscillations modulates successful memory formation at encoding. | Cruzat J et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| The role of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus in human memory processing. | Sweeney-Reed CM et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Watching Movies Unfold, a Frame-by-Frame Analysis of the Associated Neural Dynamics. | Monk AM et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| A Compositional Neural Architecture for Language. | Martin AE | — | 2020 | → |
| Are the hippocampus and its network necessary for creativity? | Cabeza R et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Assessing Rhythmic Visual Entrainment and Reinstatement of Brain Oscillations to Modulate Memory Performance. | Wälti MJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Electrophysiological signatures of memory reactivation in humans. | Schreiner T et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Event-related potential and EEG oscillatory predictors of verbal memory in mild cognitive impairment. | Xia J et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Improving episodic memory: Frontal-midline theta neurofeedback training increases source memory performance. | Eschmann KCJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Item recognition and lure discrimination in younger and older adults are supported by alpha/beta desynchronization. | Karlsson AE et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Neural fatigue influences memory encoding in the human hippocampus. | Lohnas LJ et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Neural oscillations and event-related potentials reveal how semantic congruence drives long-term memory in both young and older humans. | Packard PA et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Oscillatory Mechanisms of Successful Memory Formation in Younger and Older Adults Are Related to Structural Integrity. | Sander MC et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Single-Trial EEG Connectivity of Default Mode Network Before and During Encoding Predicts Subsequent Memory Outcome. | Kim D et al. | — | 2020 | → |
| Update on temporal lobe-dependent information processing, in health and disease. | Chauvière L | — | 2020 | → |
| Age Differences in Encoding-Related Alpha Power Reflect Sentence Comprehension Difficulties. | Beese C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Age-related changes to oscillatory dynamics during maintenance and retrieval in a relational memory task. | Rondina Ii R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Age-Related Decreases in the Retrieval Practice Effect Directly Relate to Changes in Alpha-Beta Oscillations. | Guran CA et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Alterations in oscillatory cortical activity indicate changes in mnemonic processing during continuous item recognition. | Graetz S et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| A model for the peak-interval task based on neural oscillation-delimited states. | Varella TT et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| A review of neurobiological factors underlying the selective enhancement of memory at encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. | Crowley R et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Brain Oscillatory Correlates of Visual Short-Term Memory Errors. | Mapelli I et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Decreased event-related theta power and phase-synchrony in young binge drinkers during target detection: An anatomically-constrained MEG approach. | Correas A et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Eye fixation-related fronto-parietal neural network correlates of memory retrieval. | Tsai PY et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Cognitive Processing and Modifies Oscillatory Brain Activity during Attentional Tasks. | Kaltiainen H et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Neural Pattern Similarity Differentially Relates to Memory Performance in Younger and Older Adults. | Sommer VR et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Out and about: Subsequent memory effect captured in a natural outdoor environment with smartphone EEG. | Piñeyro Salvidegoitia M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Prestimulus and poststimulus oscillatory activity predicts successful episodic encoding for both young and older adults. | Strunk J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Reactivation of neural patterns during memory reinstatement supports encoding specificity. | Staudigl T et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Spectral fingerprints or spectral tilt? Evidence for distinct oscillatory signatures of memory formation. | Fellner MC et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| THE <i>POWER</i> OF NEURAL OSCILLATIONS TO INFORM SENTENCE COMPREHENSION: A LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE. | Prystauka Y et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The Role of Meaning in Visual Memory: Face-Selective Brain Activity Predicts Memory for Ambiguous Face Stimuli. | Brady TF et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Alignment of alpha-band desynchronization with syntactic structure predicts successful sentence comprehension. | Vassileiou B et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Alpha Oscillations during Incidental Encoding Predict Subsequent Memory for New "Foil" Information. | Vogelsang DA et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| An Intrinsic Role of Beta Oscillations in Memory for Time Estimation. | Wiener M et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Assessing the utility of frequency tagging for tracking memory-based reactivation of word representations. | Lewis AG et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Human Genomic Signatures of Brain Oscillations During Memory Encoding. | Berto S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Lateralized hippocampal oscillations underlie distinct aspects of human spatial memory and navigation. | Miller J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Network Brain-Computer Interface (nBCI): An Alternative Approach for Cognitive Prosthetics. | Buch VP et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Neural Pattern Classification Tracks Transfer-Appropriate Processing in Episodic Memory. | Bramão I et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Perturbation of theta-gamma coupling at the temporal lobe hinders verbal declarative memory. | Lara GA et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Replay of Stimulus-specific Temporal Patterns during Associative Memory Formation. | Michelmann S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Signal Complexity of Human Intracranial EEG Tracks Successful Associative-Memory Formation across Individuals. | Sheehan TC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation and Incremental Sentence Comprehension: Computational Dependencies during Language Learning as Revealed by Neuronal Oscillations. | Cross ZR et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Successful Encoding during Natural Reading Is Associated with Fixation-Related Potentials and Large-Scale Network Deactivation. | Sato N et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The Sync/deSync Model: How a Synchronized Hippocampus and a Desynchronized Neocortex Code Memories. | Parish G et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Working memory alpha-beta band oscillatory signatures in adolescents and young adults. | Zammit N et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Age-related changes in neural oscillations supporting context memory retrieval. | Strunk J et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Benefits and Costs of Context Reinstatement in Episodic Memory: An ERP Study. | Bramão I et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Bidirectional electric communication between the inferior occipital gyrus and the amygdala during face processing. | Sato W et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Changes of EEG Spectra and Functional Connectivity during an Object-Location Memory Task in Alzheimer's Disease. | Han Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Differential effects of ongoing EEG beta and theta power on memory formation. | Scholz S et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Gamma oscillatory activity is impaired in episodic memory encoding with age. | Després O et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Mental reinstatement of encoding context improves episodic remembering. | Bramão I et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Modulation of alpha oscillations is required for the suppression of semantic interference. | Melnik N et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Modulation of Oscillatory Power and Connectivity in the Human Posterior Cingulate Cortex Supports the Encoding and Retrieval of Episodic Memories. | Lega B et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Modulation of task demands suggests that semantic processing interferes with the formation of episodic associations. | Long NM et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Neuronal oscillations reveal the processes underlying intentional compared to incidental learning in children and young adults. | Köster M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Oscillatory Reinstatement Enhances Declarative Memory. | Javadi AH et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Passive Double-Sensory Evoked Coherence Correlates with Long-Term Memory Capacity. | Horwitz A et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Phase-Amplitude Coupling and Long-Range Phase Synchronization Reveal Frontotemporal Interactions during Visual Working Memory. | Daume J et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Principled Approaches to Direct Brain Stimulation for Cognitive Enhancement. | Sreekumar V et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Rhythmic Activity and Individual Variability in Recognition Memory: Theta Oscillations Correlate with Performance whereas Alpha Oscillations Correlate with ERPs. | Chen YY et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Saccades are phase-locked to alpha oscillations in the occipital and medial temporal lobe during successful memory encoding. | Staudigl T et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Aberrant prefrontal beta oscillations predict episodic memory encoding deficits in schizophrenia. | Meconi F et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Brain oscillations track the formation of episodic memories in the real world. | Griffiths B et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Commentary: Beta-Band Oscillations Represent Auditory Beat and Its Metrical Hierarchy in Perception and Imagery. | Teki S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Hippocampal-Prefrontal Theta Oscillations Support Memory Integration. | Backus AR et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Intention to encode boosts memory-related pre-stimulus EEG beta power. | Schneider SL et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Neural correlates of maintaining generated images in visual working memory. | Ewerdwalbesloh JA et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Oscillations and Episodic Memory: Addressing the Synchronization/Desynchronization Conundrum. | Hanslmayr S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Reduced alpha-gamma phase amplitude coupling over right parietal cortex is associated with implicit visuomotor sequence learning. | Tzvi E et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Reversing the testing effect by feedback: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence. | Pastötter B et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Slow-Theta-to-Gamma Phase-Amplitude Coupling in Human Hippocampus Supports the Formation of New Episodic Memories. | Lega B et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Spatial Mnemonic Encoding: Theta Power Decreases and Medial Temporal Lobe BOLD Increases Co-Occur during the Usage of the Method of Loci. | Fellner MC et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Spurious correlations in simultaneous EEG-fMRI driven by in-scanner movement. | Fellner MC et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| tACS Phase Locking of Frontal Midline Theta Oscillations Disrupts Working Memory Performance. | Chander BS et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Changes in theta and beta oscillations as signatures of novel word consolidation. | Bakker I et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Decreases in theta and increases in high frequency activity underlie associative memory encoding. | Greenberg JA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Impact of sleep loss before learning on cortical dynamics during memory retrieval. | Alberca-Reina E et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Increase in short-term memory capacity induced by down-regulating individual theta frequency via transcranial alternating current stimulation. | Vosskuhl J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Intracranial recordings and human memory. | Johnson EL et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Memory formation during anaesthesia: plausibility of a neurophysiological basis. | Veselis RA | — | 2015 | → |
| Predicting and Improving Recognition Memory Using Multiple Electrophysiological Signals in Real Time. | Fukuda K et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Refined elasticity sampling for Monte Carlo-based identification of stabilizing network patterns. | Childs D et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Resting-state theta-band connectivity and verbal memory in schizophrenia and in the high-risk state. | Andreou C et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Thalamic theta phase alignment predicts human memory formation and anterior thalamic cross-frequency coupling. | Sweeney-Reed CM et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Blocking of irrelevant memories by posterior alpha activity boosts memory encoding. | Park H et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Brain computer interface to enhance episodic memory in human participants. | Burke JF et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Corticothalamic phase synchrony and cross-frequency coupling predict human memory formation. | Sweeney-Reed CM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Distinct slow and fast cortical theta dynamics in episodic memory retrieval. | Pastötter B et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Entrainment of prefrontal beta oscillations induces an endogenous echo and impairs memory formation. | Hanslmayr S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Frontal midline theta oscillations during working memory maintenance and episodic encoding and retrieval. | Hsieh LT et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Hypothesis-driven methods to augment human cognition by optimizing cortical oscillations. | Horschig JM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Neural mechanisms of motivated forgetting. | Anderson MC et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Prestimulus theta in the human hippocampus predicts subsequent recognition but not recall. | Merkow MB et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Reinstatement of distributed cortical oscillations occurs with precise spatiotemporal dynamics during successful memory retrieval. | Yaffe RB et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Role of hippocampal CA1 area gap junction channels on morphine state-dependent learning. | Beheshti S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Subsequent memory effect in intracranial and scalp EEG. | Long NM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Using single-trial EEG to predict and analyze subsequent memory. | Noh E et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| What makes deeply encoded items memorable? Insights into the levels of processing framework from neuroimaging and neuromodulation. | Galli G | — | 2014 | → |