Changes in associations of prescription opioid use disorder and illegal behaviors among adults in the United States from 2002 to 20.
- Authors
- Mintz, Carrie M; Hartz, Sarah M; Borodovsky, Jacob T; Bierut, Laura J; Grucza, Richard A
- Year
- 2019
- Journal
- Addiction (Abingdon, England)
- PMID
- 31033084
- DOI
- 10.1111/add.14638
- PMCID
- PMC6819203
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In the United States, the availability of prescription opioids has decreased in recent years. Whether there have been corresponding changes in the likelihood of people with prescription opioid use disorder (POUD) to engage in illegal behaviors related to drug use remains unknown. We examined changes in prevalence of illegal behaviors between people with and without POUD over time, and how transactions for obtaining opioids have changed among people with POUD over time. DESIGN: Temporal trend analysis of repeated cross-sectional data. SETTING: United States household dwelling population from all 50 states and District of Columbia. PARTICIPANTS: Adult subsamples from the 2002-14 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (n = 5393 people with POUD; n = 486 768 people without POUD). MEASUREMENTS: Outcome variables were selected illegal behaviors and sources of opioids used non-medically. POUD was defined using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, criteria. Time was treated as a continuous variable. The variable of interest for each illegal behavior analysis was the interaction between POUD diagnosis and time. Covariates included age, sex and race/ethnicity. FINDINGS: During the 13-year period examined, the adjusted interaction odds ratio (AIOR) describing the change in association between POUD and selling illicit drugs increased by a factor of 2.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.56-3.71, P < 0.001]. Similar trends were noted for stealing (AIOR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.31-3.44, P = 0.002) and for life-time history of arrest (AIOR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.06-2.19, P = 0.021). People with POUD became less likely to receive opioids for free from friends and family [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.25-0.71, P = 0.001] and more likely to buy them from friends and family (AOR = 3.29, 95% CI = 1.76-6.13, P < 0.001) from 2005 to 2014. CONCLUSIONS: In the United States, against a backdrop of a decreasing prescription opioid supply, rates of some crimes potentially related to drug use increased among people with prescription opioid use disorder compared with those without prescription opioid use disorder from 2002 to 2014.
Prevalence of prescription opioid use disorder in the U.S. domiciled, non-institutionalized, non-incarcerated population aged 18 or older over time. For example, in 2014, 0.71% of adult population had prescription opioid use disorder; 0.63% of population had prescription opioid use disorder without co-morbid heroin use disorder while 0.08% had prescription opioid use disorder and heroin use disorder. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals for total prescription opioid use disorder prevalence.
Modeled prevalence of past-year history of selling illicit drugs from 2002–2014 by prescription opioid use disorder status, predicted from logistic regression. Note that Y axis is plotted on log-based 2 scale. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals for predicted prevalence. Abbreviations: POUD, prescription opioid use disorder.
| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 40 | Discussion — Conclusions | Our findings indicate a potential unintended consequence of the tightening prescription opioid… |
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
| Citation | PMID | DOI | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| BeckerWC, SullivanLE, TetraultJM, DesaiRA, FiellinDA Non-medical use, abuse and dependence on prescription opioids among U.S. adults: Psychiatric, medical and substance use correlates, Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2008: 94: 38–47.1806332110.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.09.018 | — | — | — |
| BronsonJ, StroopJ, ZimmerS BerzofskyM, Drug use, dependence, and abuse among state prisoners and jail inmates, 2007–2009 In: Bureau of Justice Statistics, editor, Washington, D.C.; 2017. | — | — | — |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Office for State T., Local and Territorial Support. Menu of Pain Management Clinic Regulation. | — | — | — |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Opioid Prescribing Rate Maps; 2018. | — | — | — |
| CiceroTJ, EllisMS Abuse-Deterrent Formulations and the Prescription Opioid Abuse Epidemic in the United States: Lessons Learned From OxyContin, JAMA Psychiatry 2015: 72: 424–430.2576069210.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.3043 | — | — | — |
| CiceroTJ, EllisMS, SurrattHL Effect of abuse-deterrent formulation of OxyContin, N Engl J Med 2012: 367: 187–189.2278414010.1056/NEJMc1204141 | — | — | — |
| CiceroTJ, EllisMS, SurrattHL, KurtzSP The Changing Face of Heroin Use in the United States A Retrospective Analysis of the Past 50 Years, Jama Psychiatry 2014: 71: 821–826.2487134810.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.366 | — | — | — |
| Clinical Practice Guideline for Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense; 2017, p. 1–198. | — | — | — |
| DartRC, SurrattHL, CiceroTJ, ParrinoMW, SevertsonSG, Bucher-BartelsonB Trends in opioid analgesic abuse and mortality in the United States, N Engl J Med 2015: 372: 241–248.2558794810.1056/NEJMsa1406143 | — | — | — |
| DelgadoMK, ShoferFS, PatelMS, HalpernS, EdwardsC, MeiselZF Association between Electronic Medical Record Implementation of Default Opioid Prescription Quantities and Prescribing Behavior in Two Emergency Departments, J Gen Intern Med 2018: 33: 409–411.2934093710.1007/s11606-017-4286-5PMC5880773 | — | — | — |
| DowellD, HaegerichTM, ChouR CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain--United States, 2016, JAMA 2016: 315: 1624–1645.2697769610.1001/jama.2016.1464PMC6390846 | — | — | — |
| FisherWH, ClarkR, BaxterJ, BartonB, O’ConnellE, AwehG Co-occurring risk factors for arrest among persons with opioid abuse and dependence: implications for developing interventions to limit criminal justice involvement, J Subst Abuse Treat 2014: 47: 197–201.2501255010.1016/j.jsat.2014.05.002PMC4443912 | — | — | — |
| FlorenceCS, ZhouC, LuoF, XuL The Economic Burden of Prescription Opioid Overdose, Abuse, and Dependence in the United States, 2013, Med Care 2016: 54: 901–906.2762300510.1097/MLR.0000000000000625PMC5975355 | — | — | — |
| FranklinG, SabelJ, JonesCM, MaiJ, BaumgartnerC, Banta-GreenCJ A comprehensive approach to address the prescription opioid epidemic in Washington State: milestones and lessons learned, Am J Public Health 2015: 105: 463–469.2560288010.2105/AJPH.2014.302367PMC4330848 | — | — | — |
| GreenTC, ClarkeJ, Brinkley-RubinsteinL, MarshallBDL, Alexander-ScottN, BossR Postincarceration Fatal Overdoses After Implementing Medications for Addiction Treatment in a Statewide Correctional System, JAMA Psychiatry 2018: 75: 405–407.2945044310.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4614PMC5875331 | — | — | — |
| GuyGPJr., ZhangK, BohmMK, LosbyJ, LewisB, YoungR Vital Signs: Changes in Opioid Prescribing in the United States, 2006–2015, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2017: 66: 697–704.2868305610.15585/mmwr.mm6626a4PMC5726238 | — | — | — |
| HanB, ComptonWM, BlancoC, CraneE, LeeJ, JonesCM Prescription Opioid Use, Misuse, and Use Disorders in U.S. Adults: 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, Ann Intern Med 2017: 167: 293–301.2876194510.7326/M17-0865 | — | — | — |
| HanB, ComptonWM, JonesCM, CaiR Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use and Use Disorders Among Adults Aged 18 Through 64 Years in the United States, 2003–2013, JAMA 2015: 314: 1468–1478.2646199710.1001/jama.2015.11859 | — | — | — |
| HarrisEE, JacapraroJS, RastegarDA Criminal charges prior to and after initiation of office-based buprenorphine treatment, Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2012: 7: 10.2242982110.1186/1747-597X-7-10PMC3359252 | — | — | — |
| History of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs: March 2018. Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center; 2018. | — | — | — |
| Interuniversity Consortium for Social and Political Research. National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) Series,; 2016. | — | — | — |
| JonesCM The paradox of decreasing nonmedical opioid analgesic use and increasing abuse or dependence - An assessment of demographic and substance use trends, United States, 2003–2014, Addict Behav 2017: 65: 229–235.2756143110.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.027 | — | — | — |
| JonesCM, PaulozziLJ, MackKA Sources of Prescription Opioid Pain Relievers by Frequency of Past-Year Nonmedical Use: United States, 2008–2011, Jama Internal Medicine 2014: 174: 802–803.2458976310.1001/jamainternmed.2013.12809PMC6688495 | — | — | — |
| KenanK, MackK, PaulozziL Trends in prescriptions for oxycodone and other commonly used opioids in the United States, 2000–2010, Open Med 2012: 6: e41–47.23696768PMC3659213 | — | — | — |
| LankenauSE, TetiM, SilvaK, BloomJJ, HarocoposA, TreeseM Patterns of prescription drug misuse among young injection drug users, J Urban Health 2012: 89: 1004–1016.2268442410.1007/s11524-012-9691-9PMC3531346 | — | — | — |
| LevyB, PaulozziL, MackKA, JonesCM Trends in Opioid Analgesic-Prescribing Rates by Specialty, U.S., 2007–2012, Am J Prev Med 2015: 49: 409–413.2589619110.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.020PMC6034509 | — | — | — |
| ModaraiF, MackK, HicksP, BenoitS, ParkS, JonesC Relationship of opioid prescription sales and overdoses, North Carolina, Drug Alcohol Depend 2013: 132: 81–86.2339946710.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.006 | — | — | — |
| National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Codebook; 2014. | — | — | — |
| NunnA, ZallerN, DickmanS, TrimburC, NijhawanA, RichJD Methadone and buprenorphine prescribing and referral practices in US prison systems: results from a nationwide survey, Drug Alcohol Depend 2009: 105: 83–88.1962514210.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.06.015PMC2743749 | — | — | — |
| PaulozziLJ, JonesCM, MackKA, RuddRA Vital Signs: Overdoses of Prescription Opioid Pain Relievers-United States, 1999–2008 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 60, pg 1487–1492, 2011), Jama-J Am Med Assoc 2011: 306: 2444–2446. | — | — | — |
| SchepisTS, McCabeSE, TeterCJ Sources of opioid medication for misuse in older adults: results from a nationally representative survey, Pain 2018: 159: 1543–1549.2962451710.1097/j.pain.0000000000001241PMC6053324 | — | — | — |
| Statement of Purdue Pharma L.P. Regarding FDA’s Approval of Reformulated OxyContin® (oxycodone HCl controlled-release) Tablets; 2010. | — | — | — |
| WilliamsT Opioid Users are Filling Jails. Why Don’t Jails Treat Them? New York Times, New York, New York: The New York Times Company; 2017. | — | — | — |
| WinkelmanTNA, ChangVW, BinswangerIA. Health, Plysubstance Use, and Criminal Justice Involvement Among Adults With Varying Levels of Opioid Use, JAMA Network Open 2018: 1: 12.10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0558PMC632429730646016 | — | — | — |
| ZezimaK, DawseyJ Trump administration studies seeking the death penalty for drug dealers. The Washington Post, Washington, DC: Fred Ryan; 2018. | — | — | — |
No papers in this knowledge base cite this source.
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| An Evaluation of Opioid Use in Black Communities: A Rapid Review of the Literature. | Jordan A et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Erratum. | — | — | 2021 | → |
| THE EVOLVING CONSEQUENCES OF OXYCONTIN REFORMULATION ON DRUG OVERDOSES. | Powell D et al. | — | 2021 | → |
| Commentary on Mintz et al. (2019): Unintended or intended? Coming to grips with the opioid crisis. | Dart RC | — | 2019 | → |