Role of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: results from imaging studies.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Volkow, N D; Fowler, J S; Wang, G-J
- Year
- 2002
- Journal
- Behavioural pharmacology
- PMID
- 12394411
- DOI
- 10.1097/00008877-200209000-00008
The involvement of dopamine (DA) in drug reinforcement is well established, but much less in known about its contribution to addiction. We have used positron emission tomography to investigate in humans the role of DA in drug reinforcement, addiction and drug vulnerability. We have shown that during drug intoxication increases in striatal DA are associated with the drug's reinforcing effects only if the DA changes occur rapidly. These results corroborate the relevance of drug-induced DA increases and of pharmacokinetics in the rewarding effects of drugs in humans. During withdrawal, we have shown significant reductions in DA D(2) receptors and in DA release in drug abusers, which is likely to result in decreased sensitivity to non-drug-related reinforcing stimuli. The DA D(2) reductions were associated with decreased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, which we postulate is one of the mechanisms underlying compulsive drug administration in the addict. In fact, during craving the orbitofrontal cortex becomes hyperactive in proportion to the desire for the drug. In non-drug-abusing subjects striatal DA D(2) receptors levels predicted the reinforcing responses to stimulant drugs, providing evidence that striatal DA D(2) receptors modulate reinforcing responses to stimulants in humans and may contribute to the predisposition for drug self-administration.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks โ full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dopamine receptor sensitivity, cocaine-induced behaviors, and Pavlovian conditioned approach in male rats. | Amissah NK et al. | โ | 2026 | โ |
| From Smoking to Vaping: The Motivation for E-cigarette Use at the Neurobiological Level-A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. | Grundinger N et al. | โ | 2025 | โ |
| Novel neurotherapeutic targets for substance use disorders: Neuroplasticity, neuroinflammation, gasotransmitters and non-canonical organ systems. | Sharma P et al. | โ | 2025 | โ |
| Sex-specific differences in brain activity dynamics of youth with a family history of substance use disorder. | Schilling L et al. | โ | 2025 | โ |
| The battle over "food addiction". | Lustig RH | โ | 2025 | โ |
| Theoretical Frameworks and Mechanistic Aspects of Alcohol Addiction: Alcohol Addiction as a Reward Deficit/Stress Surfeit Disorder. | Koob GF et al. | โ | 2025 | โ |
| Epigenetic effects of cannabis: A systematic scoping review of behavioral and emotional symptoms associated with cannabis use and exocannabinoid exposure. | Machado AS et al. | โ | 2024 | โ |
| Examining a punishment-related brain circuit with miniature fluorescence microscopes and deep learning. | Broomer MC et al. | โ | 2024 | โ |
| Pharmacological Treatments for Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Current Status and Future Targets. | Yates JR | โ | 2024 | โ |
| Rewiring the future: drugs abused in adolescence may predispose to mental illness in adult life by altering dopamine axon growth. | Avramescu RG et al. | โ | 2024 | โ |
| The novel psychoactive substance 25E-NBOMe induces reward-related behaviors via dopamine D1 receptor signaling in male rodents. | Kim YJ et al. | โ | 2024 | โ |
| Cell-type specific synaptic plasticity in dorsal striatum is associated with punishment-resistance compulsive-like cocaine self-administration in mice. | Pascoli V et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Developmental Changes in Habenular and Striatal Social Reinforcement Responsivity Across Adolescence Linked With Substance Use. | Flannery JS et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Dopamine, Norepinephrine and Serotonin Participate Differently in Methylphenidate Action in Concomitant Behavioral and Ventral Tegmental Area, Locus Coeruleus and Dorsal Raphe Neuronal Study in Young Rats. | Reyes-Vasquez C et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Interaction effects between smoking and internet gaming disorder on resting-state functional connectivity of the ventral tegmental area and hippocampus. | Qiu X et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Investigating the Influence of Morphine and Cocaine on the Mesolimbic Pathway Using a Novel Microimaging Platform. | Ganaway A et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Low Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Drives Gene Networks Related to GABA, cAMP, Growth and Neuroinflammation in Striatal Indirect Pathway Neurons. | Guerri L et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Methylphenidate induces a different response in the dorsal raphe as compared to ventral tegmental area and locus coeruleus: behavioral and concomitant neuronal recordings in adult rats. | Yuan A et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Proposing an integrative, dynamic and transdiagnostic model for addictions: dysregulation phenomena of the three main modes of the predostatic mind. | Loreto BBL et al. | โ | 2023 | โ |
| Approach to the specificity and selectivity between D2 and D3 receptors by mutagenesis and binding experiments part I: Expression and characterization of D2 and D3 receptor mutants. | Legros C et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Brain network dysfunctions in addiction: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional connectivity. | Tolomeo S et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Case for raising the minimum legal age of tobacco sale to 25. | van der Eijk Y et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Changes in striatal dopamine release, sleep, and behavior during spontaneous ฮ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol abstinence in male and female mice. | Kesner AJ et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Diazepam attenuates the effects of cocaine on locomotion, 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations and phasic dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of rats. | Sanchez WN et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Serotonin and consciousness - A reappraisal. | Mรผller CP | โ | 2022 | โ |
| The reward and punishment responsivity and motivation questionnaire (RPRM-Q): A stimulus-independent self-report measure of reward and punishment sensitivity that differentiates between responsivity and motivation. | Jonker NC et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Topiramate decreases the salience of motivationally relevant visual cues among smokers with alcohol use disorder. | Robinson JD et al. | โ | 2022 | โ |
| Association of Brain Reward Response With Body Mass Index and Ventral Striatal-Hypothalamic Circuitry Among Young Women With Eating Disorders. | Frank GKW et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Chronic heroin use disorder and the brain: Current evidence and future implications. | Tolomeo S et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Drug Addiction: Hyperkatifeia/Negative Reinforcement as a Framework for Medications Development. | Koob GF | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Sex-dependent changes in murine striatal dopamine release, sleep, and behavior during spontaneous ฮ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol abstinence | Kesner AJ et al. | โ | 2021 | โ |
| Food cue recruits increased reward processing and decreased inhibitory control processing in the obese/overweight: An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of fMRI studies. | Meng X et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Neuroimaging of Sex/Gender Differences in Obesity: A Review of Structure, Function, and Neurotransmission. | Kroll DS et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| Theoretical, and epistemological challenges in scientific investigations of complex emotional states in animals. | Lages YVM et al. | โ | 2020 | โ |
| A comparison of implicit and explicit reward learning in low risk alcohol users versus people who binge drink and people with alcohol dependence. | Paelecke-Habermann Y et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| A novel designer drug, 25N-NBOMe, exhibits abuse potential via the dopaminergic system in rodents. | Seo JY et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Motivation to eat and not to eat - The psycho-biological conflict in anorexia nervosa. | Frank GKW et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| No Differential Reward Responsivity and Drive, Punishment Sensitivity or Attention for Cues Signaling Reward or Punishment in Adolescents With Obesity. | Jonker NC et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Shared Behavioral and Neurocircuitry Disruptions in Drug Addiction, Obesity, and Binge Eating Disorder: Focus on Group I mGluRs in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway. | Yohn SE et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Struggling with Happiness: A Pathway Leading Depression to Gambling Disorder. | Rogier G et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| The impact of sugar consumption on stress driven, emotional and addictive behaviors. | Jacques A et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Wait and you shall see: sexual delay discounting in hypersexual Parkinson's disease. | Girard R et al. | โ | 2019 | โ |
| Comparison between male and female rats in a model of self-administration of a chocolate-flavored beverage: Behavioral and neurochemical studies. | Contini A et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Deletion of the type 2 metabotropic glutamate receptor increases heroin abuse vulnerability in transgenic rats. | Gao JT et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| <i>In Vivo</i> Dopamine Detection and Single Unit Recordings Using Intracortical Glassy Carbon Microelectrode Arrays. | Castagnola E et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| The dopamine D2 receptor mediates approach-avoidance tendencies in smokers. | Zlomuzica A et al. | โ | 2018 | โ |
| Altered reward expectancy in individuals with recent methamphetamine dependence. | Bischoff-Grethe A et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Dopamine System Dysregulation in Major Depressive Disorders. | Belujon P et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Effects of lorcaserin (Belviq<sup>ยฎ</sup>) on nicotine- and food-maintained responding in non-human primates. | Jacobs DS et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Is there a role for ghrelin in central dopaminergic systems? Focus on nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways. | Stievenard A et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Neurobiological Correlates of Pain Avoidance-Like Behavior in Morphine-Dependent and Non-Dependent Rats. | Pahng AR et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Resting state brain connectivity patterns before eventual relapse into cocaine abuse. | Berlingeri M et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. | Prom-Wormley EC et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| The role of impulsivity in psychostimulant- and stress-induced dopamine release: Review of human imaging studies. | Bosker WM et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Untangling the neurobiology of coping styles in rodents: Towards neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in disease susceptibility. | de Boer SF et al. | โ | 2017 | โ |
| Abuse potential and adverse cognitive effects of mitragynine (kratom). | Yusoff NH et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Aripiprazole, a partial dopamine agonist to improve adolescent anorexia nervosa-A case series. | Frank GK | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Computational Study and Modified Design of Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Agonists. | Duan X et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Increased presynaptic regulation of dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens core following chronic ethanol self-administration in female macaques. | Siciliano CA et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Prescription stimulant medication misuse: Where are we and where do we go from here? | Weyandt LL et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Scientific and conceptual flaws of coercive treatment models in addiction. | Uusitalo S et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| Towards a 'Sociorelational' Approach to Conceptualizing and Managing Addiction. | van der Eijk Y et al. | โ | 2016 | โ |
| What does addiction medicine expect from neuroscience? From genes and neurons to treatment responses. | Le Foll B | โ | 2016 | โ |
| AMN082, a metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 allosteric agonist, attenuates locomotor sensitization and cross-sensitization induced by cocaine and morphine in mice. | Jenda M et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| BDNF Val66Met and reward-related brain function in adolescents: role for early alcohol consumption. | Nees F et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Effects of Varenicline on Neural Correlates of Alcohol Salience in Heavy Drinkers. | Vatsalya V et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Individualized relapse prediction: Personality measures and striatal and insular activity during reward-processing robustly predict relapse. | Gowin JL et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Measuring Preference for Supernormal Over Natural Rewards : A Two-Dimensional Anticipatory Pleasure Scale. | Goodwin BC et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Motivated explanation. | Patterson R et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Repeated methylphenidate administration during lactation reduces maternal behavior, induces maternal tolerance, and increases anxiety-like behavior in pups in adulthood. | Ponchio RA et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Smaller amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex predict escalating stimulant use. | Becker B et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| Stereochemistry and neuropharmacology of a 'bath salt' cathinone: S-enantiomer of mephedrone reduces cocaine-induced reward and withdrawal in invertebrates. | Vouga A et al. | โ | 2015 | โ |
| ADHD, altered dopamine neurotransmission, and disrupted reinforcement processes: implications for smoking and nicotine dependence. | Kollins SH et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Brain reward region responsivity of adolescents with and without parental substance use disorders. | Stice E et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Compulsivity in anorexia nervosa: a transdiagnostic concept. | Godier LR et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Could dopamine agonists aid in drug development for anorexia nervosa? | Frank GK | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Differential reward network functional connectivity in cannabis dependent and non-dependent users. | Filbey FM et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Effect of mazindol on extracellular dopamine concentration in human brain measured by PET. | Sakayori T et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Hypothesizing dopaminergic genetic antecedents in schizophrenia and substance seeking behavior. | Blum K et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Neurocircuitry of alcohol addiction: synthesis from animal models. | Koob GF | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Optogenetic and chemogenetic insights into the food addiction hypothesis. | Krashes MJ et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Pramipexole derivatives as potent and selective dopamine D(3) receptor agonists with improved human microsomal stability. | Chen J et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Psychopathological symptoms of patients with heroin addiction entering opioid agonist or therapeutic community treatment. | Pani PP et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Risk-taking and pathological gambling behavior in Huntington's disease. | Kalkhoven C et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Sex differences in addictive disorders. | Fattore L et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| The effects of paradoxical sleep deprivation on amphetamine-induced behavioral sensitization in adult and adolescent mice. | Kameda SR et al. | โ | 2014 | โ |
| Comparison of psychological symptoms and serum levels of neurotransmitters in Shanghai adolescents with and without internet addiction disorder: a case-control study. | Zhang HX et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Dopamine D2 receptors modulate the expression of contextual conditioned fear: role of the ventral tegmental area and the basolateral amygdala. | de Souza Caetano KA et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Dopaminergic and clinical correlates of pathological gambling in Parkinson's disease: a case report. | Callesen MB et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Elevated reward region responsivity predicts future substance use onset but not overweight/obesity onset. | Stice E et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Genetic variation of the ghrelin signalling system in individuals with amphetamine dependence. | Suchankova P et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Implicit and explicit reward learning in chronic nicotine use. | Paelecke-Habermann Y et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Inhibition and impulsivity: behavioral and neural basis of response control. | Bari A et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Pain and suicidality: insights from reward and addiction neuroscience. | Elman I et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Positron emission tomography imaging of dopamine D2 receptors using a highly selective radiolabeled D2 receptor partial agonist. | Xu J et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| The effect of SV 293, a D2 dopamine receptor-selective antagonist, on D2 receptor-mediated GIRK channel activation and adenylyl cyclase inhibition. | Huang R et al. | โ | 2013 | โ |
| Theoretical frameworks and mechanistic aspects of alcohol addiction: alcohol addiction as a reward deficit disorder. | Koob GF | โ | 2013 | โ |
| A systematic review of nicotine by inhalation: is there a role for the inhaled route? | Caldwell B et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Comparison of the binding and functional properties of two structurally different D2 dopamine receptor subtype selective compounds. | Luedtke RR et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Dopamine D1, D2, D3 receptors, vesicular monoamine transporter type-2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT) densities in aged human brain. | Sun J et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| High-affinity and selective dopamine Dโ receptor full agonists. | Chen J et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Neurobiology of addiction: insight from neurochemical imaging. | Urban NB et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Positive Allosteric Modulation of mGluR5 Accelerates Extinction Learning but Not Relearning Following Methamphetamine Self-Administration. | Kufahl PR et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Putting desire on a budget: dopamine and energy expenditure, reconciling reward and resources. | Beeler JA et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Resilience to meet the challenge of addiction: psychobiology and clinical considerations. | Alim TN et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Reward circuitry dysfunction in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic syndromes: animal models and clinical findings. | Dichter GS et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Stress and the HPA axis: role of glucocorticoids in alcohol dependence. | Stephens MA et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| The role of orexins/hypocretins in alcohol use and abuse: an appetitive-reward relationship. | Kim AK et al. | โ | 2012 | โ |
| Adolescent mice are more vulnerable than adults to single injection-induced behavioral sensitization to amphetamine. | Kameda SR et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Central leptin and ghrelin signalling: comparing and contrasting their mechanisms of action in the brain. | Shan X et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| CJ-1639: A Potent and Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor Full Agonist. | Chen J et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Comorbid mental disorders in substance users from a single catchment area--a clinical study. | Langรฅs AM et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Distinct resting-state brain activities in heroin-dependent individuals. | Zhang Y et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Dopamine-based reward circuitry responsivity, genetics, and overeating. | Stice E et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Endogenous dopamine (DA) competes with the binding of a radiolabeled Dโ receptor partial agonist in vivo: a positron emission tomography study. | Mach RH et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Further structure-activity relationship studies on 8-substituted-3-[2-(diarylmethoxyethylidenyl)]-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane derivatives at monoamine transporters. | Cararas SA et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Generational association studies of dopaminergic genes in reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) subjects: selecting appropriate phenotypes for reward dependence behaviors. | Blum K et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Highly selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of dopamine using a nafion coated hybrid macroporous gold modified electrode with platinum nanoparticles. | Lee YJ et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Males and females show differential brain activation to taste when hungry and sated in gustatory and reward areas. | Haase L et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| MDMA ("ecstasy") abuse as an example of dopamine neuroplasticity. | Schenk S | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Morphine sensitization increases the extracellular level of glutamate in CA1 of rat hippocampus via ฮผ-opioid receptor. | Farahmandfar M et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Neurobiology of overeating and obesity: the role of melanocortins and beyond. | Pandit R et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Reward-related genes and personality traits in alcohol-dependent individuals: a pilot case control study. | Landgren S et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Translational research in addiction: toward a framework for the development of novel therapeutics. | Paterson NE | โ | 2011 | โ |
| Variability in reward responsivity and obesity: evidence from brain imaging studies. | Burger KS et al. | โ | 2011 | โ |
| A population-specific HTR2B stop codon predisposes to severe impulsivity. | Bevilacqua L et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Cognitive effects of Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor ligands in the context of drug addiction. | Olive MF | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Comorbidity of ADHD and Substance Use Disorder (SUD): a neuroimaging perspective. | Frodl T | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Dopamine D3 receptor selective ligands with varying intrinsic efficacies at adenylyl cyclase inhibition and mitogenic signaling pathways. | Taylor M et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Dopamine transporter down-regulation following repeated cocaine: implications for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced acute effects and long-term neurotoxicity in mice. | Peraile I et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Genetic variation of the ghrelin signaling system in females with severe alcohol dependence. | Landgren S et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Imaging cognitive and behavioral symptoms in Parkinson's disease. | Antonelli F et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Imaging neurotransmitter release by drugs of abuse. | Martinez D et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Individual differences in prefrontal cortex function and the transition from drug use to drug dependence. | George O et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Moods and expectancies of female alcohol drinking--an exploratory study. | Birath CS et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Psychosocial stress enhances non-drug-related positive memory retrieval in male abstinent heroin addicts. | Zhao LY et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Quetiapine for the treatment of alcoholism: scientific rationale and review of the literature. | Ray LA et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Simultaneous detection of dopamine, ascorbic acid, and uric acid at electrochemically pretreated carbon nanotube biosensors. | Alwarappan S et al. | โ | 2010 | โ |
| Compulsive overeating as an addiction disorder. A review of theory and evidence. | Davis C et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Dealing with the devil in the detail - some thoughts about the next model of the basal ganglia. | Arbuthnott G et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Discovery of drugs to treat cocaine dependence: behavioral and neurochemical effects of atypical dopamine transport inhibitors. | Tanda G et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Editing of serotonin 2C receptor mRNA in the prefrontal cortex characterizes high-novelty locomotor response behavioral trait. | Dracheva S et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Extinction circuits for fear and addiction overlap in prefrontal cortex. | Peters J et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Imaging dopamine's role in drug abuse and addiction. | Volkow ND et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Neurobiological substrates for the dark side of compulsivity in addiction. | Koob GF | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Neurogenetics of dopaminergic receptor supersensitivity in activation of brain reward circuitry and relapse: proposing "deprivation-amplification relapse therapy" (DART). | Blum K et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Neuronal adaptations, neuroendocrine and immune correlates of heroin self-administration. | Weber RJ et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Neuropharmacology of performance monitoring. | Jocham G et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Relation of obesity to consummatory and anticipatory food reward. | Stice E et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| The runway model of drug self-administration. | Ettenberg A | โ | 2009 | โ |
| Trafficking of dopamine transporters in psychostimulant actions. | Zahniser NR et al. | โ | 2009 | โ |
| A unified framework for addiction: vulnerabilities in the decision process. | Redish AD et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Changed accumbal responsiveness to alcohol in rats pre-treated with nicotine or the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2. | Lรณpez-Moreno JA et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| [Dopamine dysregulation syndrome in Parkinson's disease]. | Borg M et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Dopamine receptor interacting proteins (DRIPs) of dopamine D1-like receptors in the central nervous system. | Wang M et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Dopaminergic mutations: within-family association and linkage in multiplex alcohol dependence families. | Hill SY et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Dose-related effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor tacrine on cocaine and food self-administration in rats. | Grasing K et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Dual dopamine/serotonin releasers: potential treatment agents for stimulant addiction. | Rothman RB et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Effects of adolescent exposure to cocaine on locomotor activity and extracellular dopamine and glutamate levels in nucleus accumbens of DBA/2J mice. | Camarini R et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Hedonic Homeostatic Dysregulation as a Driver of Drug-Seeking Behavior. | Koob GF | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Is quetiapine a drug of abuse? Reexamining the issue of addiction. | Tcheremissine OV | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Management of chemical dependence in pregnancy. | Christensen C | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Pathological gambling: an update on neuropathophysiology and pharmacotherapy. | Iancu I et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Relation between obesity and blunted striatal response to food is moderated by TaqIA A1 allele. | Stice E et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Relation of reward from food intake and anticipated food intake to obesity: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. | Stice E et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Review. Neurobiological mechanisms for opponent motivational processes in addiction. | Koob GF et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Smokers' brains compute, but ignore, a fictive error signal in a sequential investment task. | Chiu PH et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| The hippocampal dentate gyrus is essential for generating contextual memories of fear and drug-induced reward. | Hernรกndez-Rabaza V et al. | โ | 2008 | โ |
| Applicability of the dopamine and rate hypotheses in explaining the differences in behavioral pharmacology of the chloro-benztropine analogs: studies conducted using intracerebral microdialysis and population pharmacodynamic modeling. | Othman AA et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Behavioral functions of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system: an affective neuroethological perspective. | Alcaro A et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Differential neurochemical and behavioral adaptation to cocaine after response contingent and noncontingent exposure in the rat. | Lecca D et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Dopamine reward circuitry: two projection systems from the ventral midbrain to the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle complex. | Ikemoto S | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Food reinforcement and eating: a multilevel analysis. | Epstein LH et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Imaging the neurochemistry of alcohol and substance abuse. | Martinez D et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Manipulation of catechol-O-methyl-transferase (COMT) activity to influence the attenuation of substance seeking behavior, a subtype of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS), is dependent upon gene polymorphisms: a hypothesis. | Blum K et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Mechanism of an exaggerated locomotor response to a low-dose challenge of methamphetamine. | Frankel PS et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Molecular neuroimaging: from conventional to emerging techniques. | Hammoud DA et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Neural events in the reinforcement contingency. | Teresa Araujo Silva M et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Reciprocal effects of response contingent and noncontingent intravenous heroin on in vivo nucleus accumbens shell versus core dopamine in the rat: a repeated sampling microdialysis study. | Lecca D et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Reward system and addiction: what dopamine does and doesn't do. | Di Chiara G et al. | โ | 2007 | โ |
| Dopamine D2 receptors mediate reversal learning in male C57BL/6J mice. | Kruzich PJ et al. | โ | 2006 | โ |
| Dopaminergic activity modulation via aggression, status, and a visual social signal. | Korzan WJ et al. | โ | 2006 | โ |
| Gastric stimulation in obese subjects activates the hippocampus and other regions involved in brain reward circuitry. | Wang GJ et al. | โ | 2006 | โ |
| Substance use and abuse in trauma: implications for care. | McCabe S | โ | 2006 | โ |
| Synthesis and characterization of selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. | Vangveravong S et al. | โ | 2006 | โ |
| The application of mindfulness-based cognitive interventions in the treatment of co-occurring addictive and mood disorders. | Hoppes K | โ | 2006 | โ |
| The role of the extrapersonal brain systems in religious activity. | Previc FH | โ | 2006 | โ |
| Affective consciousness: Core emotional feelings in animals and humans. | Panksepp J | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Assessment of methylphenidate-induced changes in binding of continuously infused [(11)C]-raclopride in healthy human subjects: correlation with subjective effects. | Udo de Haes JI et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of hexahydropyrazinoquinolines as a novel class of potent and selective dopamine receptor 3 (D3) ligands. | Ji M et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Dopamine modulates excitability of basolateral amygdala neurons in vitro. | Krรถner S et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Enantiomerically pure hexahydropyrazinoquinolines as potent and selective dopamine 3 subtype receptor ligands. | Ding K et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Heptaspanning membrane receptors and cytoskeletal/scaffolding proteins: focus on adenosine, dopamine, and metabotropic glutamate receptor function. | Ciruela F et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Hypomania with topiramate. | Kaplan M | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Identification of a dopamine transporter ligand that blocks the stimulant effects of cocaine. | Desai RI et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Increased dopamine D2/D3 receptor binding after recovery from anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography and [11c]raclopride. | Frank GK et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Psychostimulant withdrawal as an inducing condition in animal models of depression. | Barr AM et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Relationship between in vivo occupancy at the dopamine transporter and behavioral effects of cocaine, GBR 12909 [1-{2-[bis-(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl}-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine], and benztropine analogs. | Desai RI et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Selegiline modifies the extinction of responding following morphine self-administration, but does not alter cue-induced reinstatement, reacquisition of morphine reinforcement, or precipitated withdrawal. | Grasing K et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| The influence of executive functions, sensation seeking, and HIV serostatus on the risky sexual practices of substance-dependent individuals. | Gonzalez R et al. | โ | 2005 | โ |
| Addiction as a computational process gone awry. | Redish AD | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Application of triple-probe microdialysis for fast pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic evaluation of dopamimetic activity of drug candidates in the rat brain. | Weikop P et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Attenuation of brain response to heroin correlates with the reinstatement of heroin-seeking in rats by fMRI. | Luo F et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Blockade of mesolimbic dopamine D3 receptors inhibits stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking in rats. | Xi ZX et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Chronic opiate treatment enhances both cocaine-reinforced and cocaine-seeking behaviors following opiate withdrawal. | He S et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Differential effects of dopaminergic agents on locomotor sensitisation and on the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking and food-seeking behaviour. | Dias C et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Dopamine and drug addiction: the nucleus accumbens shell connection. | Di Chiara G et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Exposure to appetitive food stimuli markedly activates the human brain. | Wang GJ et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Long-term opiate effects on amphetamine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens core and conditioned place preference. | He S et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Multiple memory systems: the power of interactions. | McDonald RJ et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying appetitive learning: links to drug addiction. | Cardinal RN et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| [Neuroimaging in substance abuse disorders]. | de Mendelssohn A et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Opiate tolerance by heroin self-administration: an fMRI study in rat. | Xi ZX et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Reward drive and rash impulsiveness as dimensions of impulsivity: implications for substance misuse. | Dawe S et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| The evolution of gene expression in mouse hippocampus in response to selective breeding for increased locomotor activity. | Bronikowski AM et al. | โ | 2004 | โ |
| Compulsive use of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease: reward systems gone awry? | Lawrence AD et al. | โ | 2003 | โ |
| Differential effects of within-day continuous vs. transient dopamine D2 receptor occupancy in the development of vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) in rats. | Turrone P et al. | โ | 2003 | โ |
| Dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens shell and core in response to appetitive classical conditioning. | Cheng JJ et al. | โ | 2003 | โ |
| Dopamine receptor-interacting proteins: the Ca(2+) connection in dopamine signaling. | Bergson C et al. | โ | 2003 | โ |
| Neuroimaging and mechanisms of drug abuse: interface of molecular imaging and molecular genetics. | Ernst M et al. | โ | 2003 | โ |
| Rapid regulation of dopamine transporter function by substrates, blockers and presynaptic receptor ligands. | Gulley JM et al. | โ | 2003 | โ |
| The addicted human brain: insights from imaging studies. | Volkow ND et al. | โ | 2003 | โ |
| The neurobiology and control of anxious states. | Millan MJ | โ | 2003 | โ |
| Variables that affect the clinical use and abuse of methylphenidate in the treatment of ADHD. | Volkow ND et al. | โ | 2003 | โ |
| From rats to humans and return: testing addiction hypotheses by combined PET imaging and self-reported measures of psychostimulant effects. Commentary on Volkow et al. 'Role of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: results from imaging studies'. | Di Chiara G | โ | 2002 | โ |
| There is more to dopamine than just pleasure. Commentary on Volkow et al. 'Role of dopamine in drug reinforcement and addiction in humans: results from imaging studies'. | Lingford-Hughes A | โ | 2002 | โ |