Association of a leucine(7)-to-proline(7) polymorphism in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y with high serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Karvonen, M K; Pesonen, U; Koulu, M; Niskanen, L; Laakso, M; Rissanen, A; Dekker, J M; Hart, L M; Valve, R; Uusitupa, M I
- Year
- 1998
- Journal
- Nature medicine
- PMID
- 9846584
- DOI
- 10.1038/4027
High serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol are important risk factors in the development of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Cholesterol metabolism is affected by nutritional, environmental and genetic factors. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), which is widely expressed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, has an important role in the hypothalamic regulation of energy balance by stimulating food intake and favoring energy storage through increased lipoprotein lipase activity in white adipose tissue. As a part of ongoing study of the genetic basis of obesity, we screened the NPY gene for sequence variants. We report here the identification of a common Leu(7)-to-Pro(7) polymorphism in the signal peptide of NPY. Presence of this Pro(7) in NPY was associated with higher serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol in obese subjects participating in two independent Finnish and Dutch studies. Furthermore, normal-weight Finns with Pro(7) also had higher serum levels of total and LDL cholesterol than did subjects with Leu(7)/Leu(7), as analyzed in three subsequent determinations at 5-year intervals during a 10-year follow-up period. The NPY polymorphism was not associated with higher cholesterol levels in normal-weight Dutch. Our study provides evidence that NPY is linked to cholesterol metabolism and that the polymorphism producing Pro(7) in NPY is one of the strongest genetic factors identified thus far affecting serum cholesterol, particularly in obese subjects.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Neuropeptide Y receptor genes are associated with alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal phenotypes, and cocaine dependence. | 2008 | 18828811 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assessing the causal relationship between metabolic biomarkers and coronary artery disease by Mendelian randomization studies. | Yang K et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Sample Size Calculation in Genetic Association Studies: A Practical Approach. | Politi C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Bidirectional Relationship of NPY and Mitochondria in Energy Balance Regulation. | Sousa D et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Manipulation of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1(TGFΞ²-1) towards viral induced liver cancer pathogenesis. | Badshah Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Conditional Inactivation of Limbic Neuropeptide Y-1 Receptors Increases Vulnerability to Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice. | Paterlini S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Meta-Analysis on the Association of Neuropeptide Y rs16139 Variant With the Risk of Alcoholism. | Chen B et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y gene variants in obesity, dietary intake, blood pressure, lipid and glucose metabolism: A longitudinal birth cohort study. | Katus U et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Higher Serum Neuropeptide Y Levels Are Associated with Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity in Obese Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. | Tang HN et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Neuropeptide S receptor gene Asn107 polymorphism in obese male individuals in Pakistan. | Ahmad A et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| NPY stimulates cholesterol synthesis acutely by activating the SREBP2-HMGCR pathway through the Y1 and Y5 receptors in murine hepatocytes. | Chen F et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| A Review of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Orexigenic Neuropeptides Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors. | Ericson MD et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Evaluation of a Role for NPY and NPY2R in the Pathogenesis of Obesity by Mutation and Copy Number Variation Analysis in Obese Children and Adolescents. | Aerts E et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Peripherally Administered Y<sub>2</sub>-Receptor Antagonist BIIE0246 Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice With Excess Neuropeptide Y, but Enhances Obesity in Control Mice. | Ailanen L et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Association study of arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y neuron receptor gene variation and serum NPY levels in clozapine treated patients with schizophrenia. | KlemettilΓ€ JP et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y in Alcohol Addiction and Affective Disorders. | Thorsell A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Novel genes involved in severe early-onset obesity revealed by rare copy number and sequence variants. | Serra-JuhΓ© C et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The metabolic syndrome in mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons. | Ailanen L et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The Proline 7 Substitution in the Preproneuropeptide Y Is Associated with Higher Hepatic Lipase Activity In Vivo. | Schiekofer S et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Depression According to the rs16139NPY Gene. | Dolatian A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Association of Neuropeptide-Y (NPY) and Interleukin-1beta (IL1B), Genotype-Phenotype Correlation and Plasma Lipids with Type-II Diabetes. | Patel R et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Association study of two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms of neuropeptide y gene with multiple sclerosis. | Mohammadi SM et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Multiple gas-phase conformations of proline-containing peptides: is it always cis/trans isomerization? | Lietz CB et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y Overexpressing Female and Male Mice Show Divergent Metabolic but Not Gut Microbial Responses to Prenatal Metformin Exposure. | SalomΓ€ki-Myftari H et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Comprehensive evaluation of the neuropeptide-Y gene variants in the risk of obesity: a case-control study and meta-analysis. | Zain SM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y is a minor autoantigen in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes patients. | SkΓ€rstrand H et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Effects of variants in proopiomelanocortin and neuropeptide y genes on growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in rabbits. | Liu WC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Genome-wide exploration identifies sex-specific genetic effects of alleles upstream NPY to increase the risk of severe periodontitis in men. | Freitag-Wolf S et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Gut-brain peptides in corticostriatal-limbic circuitry and alcohol use disorders. | Vadnie CA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Peptides and food intake. | Sobrino Crespo C et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Signal peptides: new markers in cardiovascular disease? | Pemberton CJ | β | 2014 | β |
| Association between neuropeptide Y gene polymorphisms and alcohol dependence: a case-control study in two independent populations. | Bhaskar LV et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Association of a functional polymorphism in neuropeptide Y with antipsychotic-induced weight gain in schizophrenia patients. | Tiwari AK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Comparison of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 gene methylation levels between severely obese subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome. | Turcot V et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Influence of variants in the NPY gene on obesity and metabolic syndrome features in Spanish children. | Olza J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y autoantibodies in patients with long-term type 1 and type 2 diabetes and neuropathy. | SkΓ€rstrand H et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y Leu7Pro polymorphism associated with the metabolic syndrome and its features in patients with coronary artery disease. | Masoudi-Kazemabad A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Quantitative trait locus for body weight identified on rat chromosome 4 in inbred alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats: potential implications for neuropeptide Y and corticotrophin releasing hormone 2. | Spence JP et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Systemic treatment with neuropeptide Y receptor Y1-antagonist enhances atherosclerosis and stimulates IL-12 expression in ApoE deficient mice. | JÀÀskelΓ€inen AE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The regulated secretory pathway and human disease: insights from gene variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms. | Lin WJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Are centenarians genetically predisposed to lower disease risk? | Ruiz JR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association of the leucine-7 to proline-7 variation in the signal sequence of neuropeptide Y with major depression. | Koefoed P et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Diet-induced obesity in mice overexpressing neuropeptide y in noradrenergic neurons. | Ruohonen ST et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic Association of NPY Gene Polymorphisms with Dampness-Phlegm Pattern in Korean Stroke Patients. | Ko MM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| High frequency of Neuropeptide Y Leu7Pro polymorphism in an Iranian population and its association with coronary artery disease. | Masoudi-Kazemabad A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y in the noradrenergic neurons induces the development of cardiometabolic diseases in a transgenic mouse model. | Ruohonen ST et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y polymorphism increases the risk for asthma in overweight subjects; protection from atherosclerosis in asthmatic subjects--the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. | Jaakkola U et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Receptors and ionic transporters in nuclear membranes: new targets for therapeutical pharmacological interventions. | Bkaily G et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association analysis between variants in bovine NPY gene and growth traits in Nanyang cattle (Bos tarus). | Zhang L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Inflammatory effects of blood leukocytes: association with vascular function in neuropeptide Y proline 7-genotyped type 2 diabetes patients. | Kakko T et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Neural regulation of cholesterol metabolism. | Perez-Tilve D et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| No association of the neuropeptide Y (Leu7Pro) and ghrelin gene (Arg51Gln, Leu72Met, Gln90Leu) single nucleotide polymorphisms with eating disorders. | Kindler J et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Of mice and men: neuropeptide Y and its receptors are associated with atherosclerotic lesion burden and vulnerability. | Li L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Polymorphisms in the neuropeptide Y gene and the risk of obesity: findings from two prospective cohorts. | Yeung EH et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The neuropeptide Y system: pathophysiological and therapeutic implications in obesity and cancer. | Zhang L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Are elite endurance athletes genetically predisposed to lower disease risk? | GΓ³mez-Gallego F et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Candidate genes for alcohol preference identified by expression profiling in alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring reciprocal congenic rats. | Liang T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Functional analysis of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC30A2 (ZnT2): implications for mammary gland function and breast disease in women. | Seo YA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Functional NPY variation as a factor in stress resilience and alcohol consumption in rhesus macaques. | Lindell SG et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y gene functional polymorphism influences susceptibility to hypertension in Indian population. | Bhaskar LV et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y gene polymorphisms are not associated with obesity in a South Indian population. | Bhaskar LV et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene: Impact on emotional processing and treatment response in anxious depression. | Domschke K et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y polymorphisms and ischemic stroke in Chinese population. | Yu JT et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The Leu7Pro polymorphism of the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene is associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers preceding vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. | Jaakkola U et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Variation in the 5'-flanking region of the neuropeptide Y2 receptor gene and metabolic parameters. | Takiguchi E et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Association between neuropeptide Y gene and its receptor Y1 gene and methamphetamine dependence. | Okahisa Y et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Association of the C-399T promoter polymorphism of neuropeptide Y with susceptibility to ischemic stroke. | Kim NS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y gene polymorphisms confer risk of early-onset atherosclerosis. | Shah SH et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y polymorphism significantly magnifies diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk in obesity: the Hoorn Study. | Jaakkola U et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| PreproNPY Pro7 protects against depression despite exposure to environmental risk factors. | SjΓΆholm LK et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Sympathetic nervous system-targeted neuropeptide Y overexpression in mice enhances neointimal formation in response to vascular injury. | Ruohonen ST et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The effect of endogenous preproneuropeptide Y leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism on growth and apoptosis in primary cultured HUVECs. | Kaipio K et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The intracellular mobility of NPY and a putative mitochondrial form of NPY in neuronal cells. | Kaipio K et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The role of non-synonymous NPY gene polymorphism in the nitric oxide production in HUVECs. | Kaipio K et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| A common single nucleotide polymorphism alters the synthesis and secretion of neuropeptide Y. | Mitchell GC et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Approach to the genetics of alcoholism: a review based on pathophysiology. | KΓΆhnke MD | β | 2008 | β |
| Association between genetic variation in transforming growth factors beta1 and beta3 and renal dysfunction in non-diabetic Chinese. | Hu BC et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Chromosome 4q31-34 panic disorder risk locus: association of neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor variants. | Domschke K et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic variation in human NPY expression affects stress response and emotion. | Zhou Z et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism in the neuropeptide Y gene and changes in serum lipids during a family-based counselling intervention among school-aged children with a family history of CVD. | Salminen M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y receptor genes are associated with alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal phenotypes, and cocaine dependence. | Wetherill L et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y signal peptide Pro7 substitution protects against coronary artery atherosclerosis: the Helsinki Sudden Death Study. | Ilveskoski E et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| NPY L7P polymorphism and metabolic diseases. | Pesonen U | β | 2008 | β |
| The G-250A polymorphism in the hepatic lipase gene promoter is associated with changes in hepatic lipase activity and LDL cholesterol: The KANWU Study. | Lindi V et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Transgenic mice overexpressing neuropeptide Y in noradrenergic neurons: a novel model of increased adiposity and impaired glucose tolerance. | Ruohonen ST et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Allelic variation in the NPY gene in 14 Indian populations. | Bhaskar LVKS et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| An interactive association of common sequence variants in the neuropeptide Y gene with susceptibility to ischemic stroke. | Lee C et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Distribution of neuropeptide Y Leu7Pro polymorphism in patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy among Swedish and American populations. | Ma J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Impact of a CART promoter genetic variation on plasma lipid profile in a general population. | Vasseur F et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Leucine 7-proline 7 polymorphism in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y is not a risk factor for exudative age-related macular degeneration. | Kaarniranta K et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Medical sequencing at the extremes of human body mass. | Ahituv N et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Potential genetic variants in schizophrenia: a Bayesian analysis. | Hall H et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Familial hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia caused by deficiency of the neonatal Fc receptor, FcRn, due to a mutant beta2-microglobulin gene. | Wani MA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Human NPY gene variants in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. | Pesonen U | β | 2006 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y in the medial basal hypothalamus and medial preoptic area during the induction of LH surge may be controlled by locus coeruleus. | Rocha AA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| NPY and NPY receptors: presence, distribution and roles in the regulation of the endocardial endothelium and cardiac function. | Jacques D et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Nutrient intake, weight, and Leu7Pro polymorphism in prepro-neuropeptide Y in children. | Karvonen MK et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Polymorphism in neuropeptide Y influences CSF cholesterol levels but is no major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease. | KΓΆlsch H et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Polymorphisms in the NPY and AGRP genes and body fatness in Dutch adults. | van Rossum CT et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Roles of nuclear NPY and NPY receptors in the regulation of the endocardial endothelium and heart function. | Jacques D et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| An expanded evaluation of the relationship of four alleles to the level of response to alcohol and the alcoholism risk. | Hu X et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| A novel single nucleotide polymorphism of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene associated with alcohol dependence. | Mottagui-Tabar S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Chronic stress induces rapid occlusion of angioplasty-injured rat carotid artery by activating neuropeptide Y and its Y1 receptors. | Li L et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Gene-diet interaction in relation to the prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes: evidence from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. | Uusitupa M | β | 2005 | β |
| Genetic polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene and breast cancer risk: a possible dual role at different cancer stages. | Shin A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Human neuropeptide Y signal peptide gain-of-function polymorphism is associated with increased body mass index: possible mode of function. | Ding B et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y as a far-reaching neuromediator: from energy balance and cardiovascular regulation to central integration of weight and bone mass control mechanisms. Implications for human diseases. | Zoccali C | β | 2005 | β |
| The Leu7Pro polymorphism of preproNPY is associated with decreased insulin secretion, delayed ghrelin suppression, and increased cardiovascular responsiveness to norepinephrine during oral glucose tolerance test. | Jaakkola U et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The T1128C polymorphism of neuropeptide Y gene in a chinese population. | Jia C et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Alcoholism: genes and mechanisms. | Oroszi G et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A role for neuropeptide Y in neurobiological responses to ethanol and drugs of abuse. | Thiele TE et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Association analysis of the polymorphism T1128C in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y in a Swedish hypertensive population. | Wallerstedt SM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Association analysis of the polymorphism T1128C in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y in a Swedish hypertensive population. | Renner W et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Decreased cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptide Y (NPY) in patients with treatment refractory unipolar major depression: preliminary evidence for association with preproNPY gene polymorphism. | Heilig M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Epistatic interaction between beta2-adrenergic receptor and neuropeptide Y genes influences LDL-cholesterol in hypertension. | Tomaszewski M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genes associated with addiction: alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addiction. | Kreek MJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Leucine7 to proline7 polymorphism in prepro-NPY gene and femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. | Heikkinen AM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism in the preproneuropeptide Y is associated with proteinuria, coronary heart disease, and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic patients. | Pettersson-Fernholm K et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y and Y2-receptor are involved in development of diabetic retinopathy and retinal neovascularization. | Koulu M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y T1128C polymorphism: an independent predictor of hypertensive and cardiovascular diseases? | Zhuo JL | β | 2004 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y, ubiquitous and elusive. | Chronwall BM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| TGF-beta1 polymorphism determines the progression of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. | Kim SY et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Alcoholism and obesity: overlapping neuropeptide pathways? | Thiele TE et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A role for neuropeptide Y in alcohol intake control: evidence from human and animal research. | Thiele TE et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Association between a novel polymorphism in the promoter region of the neuropeptide Y gene and schizophrenia in humans. | Itokawa M et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Common gene polymorphisms and nutrition: emerging links with pathogenesis of multifactorial chronic diseases (review). | Loktionov A | β | 2003 | β |
| Enhanced endothelium-dependent vasodilation in subjects with Proline7 substitution in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y. | JΓ€rvisalo MJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism of the preproneuropeptide Y gene is not associated with restenosis after coronary stenting. | Pesonen U et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| [Low prevalence of the Leu7/Pro polymorphism in the signal peptide of preproneuropeptide Y in the Spanish Mediterranean population]. | PortolΓ©s O et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Neuropeptide gene polymorphisms and human behavioural disorders. | Inui A | β | 2003 | β |
| Neuropeptide y and alcoholism: genetic, molecular, and pharmacological evidence. | Pandey SC et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| NPY Leu7Pro and alcohol dependence in Finnish and Swedish populations. | Zhu G et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Recent developments in our understanding of the physiological role of PP-fold peptide receptor subtypes. | Berglund MM et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| The Leu7Pro polymorphism of the neuropeptide Y gene regulates free fatty acid metabolism. | PihlajamΓ€ki J et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Association analysis of genes involved in the leptin-signaling pathway with obesity in Brazil. | Mattevi VS et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Association of leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism in the preproneuropeptide Y with serum lipids in patients with coronary heart disease. | ErkkilΓ€ AT et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Attenuation of hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia in ob/ob mice by NPY Y2 receptor ablation. | Naveilhan P et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| The impact of the leucine 7 to proline 7 polymorphism of the neuropeptide Y gene on postprandial lipemia and on the response of serum total and lipoprotein lipids to a reduced fat diet. | Schwab US et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| The single nucleotide polymorphism T1128C in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was not identified in a Korean population. | Ding B et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| A leucine(7)-to-proline(7) polymorphism in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y was not identified in the Japanese population. | Makino K et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association of neuropeptide y polymorphism with the occurrence of type 1 and type 2 alcoholism. | Ilveskoski E et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association of polymorphisms of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis. | Yamada Y | β | 2001 | β |
| Increased blood pressure responses in neuropeptide Y transgenic rats. | Michalkiewicz M et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Leucine7 to proline7 polymorphism in the preproneuropeptide Y is associated with the progression of carotid atherosclerosis, blood pressure and serum lipids in Finnish men. | Karvonen MK et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| No leucine(7)-to-proline(7) polymorphism in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y in Japanese population or Japanese with alcoholism. | Drube J et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Polymorphism of the neuropeptide Y gene: an association study with alcohol withdrawal. | Okubo T et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Association of a Leu(10)-->Pro polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 with genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis and spinal osteoarthritis. | Yamada Y | β | 2000 | β |
| Association of a T29-->C polymorphism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 gene with genetic susceptibility to myocardial infarction in Japanese. | Yokota M et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| How tight are your genes? Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the leptin receptor, NPY, and POMC genes. | Good DJ | β | 2000 | β |
| Neuropeptide Y polymorphism and alcohol consumption in middle-aged men. | Kauhanen J et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Sequence variation within the neuropeptide Y gene and obesity in Mexican Americans. | Bray MS et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| The human obesity gene map: the 1999 update. | Chagnon YC et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| The leucine (7)-to-proline (7) polymorphism in the signal peptide of neuropeptide Y is not associated with Alzheimer's disease or the link apolipoprotein E. | Helisalmi S et al. | β | 2000 | β |