Impaired stress response and reduced anxiety in mice lacking a functional corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1.
paper
Cited
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- Authors
- Timpl, P; Spanagel, R; Sillaber, I; Kresse, A; Reul, J M; Stalla, G K; Blanquet, V; Steckler, T; Holsboer, F; Wurst, W
- Year
- 1998
- Journal
- Nature genetics
- PMID
- 9620773
- DOI
- 10.1038/520
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a potent mediator of endocrine, autonomic, behavioural and immune responses to stress, and has been implicated in the stress-like and other aversive consequences of drug abuse, such as withdrawal from alcohol. Two CRH receptors, Crhr1 and Crhr2, have been identified in the mouse. Crhr1 is highly expressed in the anterior pituitary, neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala and cerebellum, and activation of this receptor stimulates adenylate cyclase. Here we show that in mice lacking Crhr1, the medulla of the adrenal gland is atrophied and stress-induced release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone is reduced. The homozygous mutants exhibit increased exploratory activity and reduced anxiety-related behaviour under both basal conditions and following alcohol withdrawal. Our results demonstrate a key role of the Crhr1 receptor in mediating the stress response and anxiety-related behaviour.
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| Microinfusion of a corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into the dorsal hippocampus attenuates stress responses at specific times after stress exposure. | Kozlovsky N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Nicotine stimulates secretion of corticosterone via both CRH and AVP receptors. | Lutfy K et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Putative genes mediating the effects of orexins in the posterior paraventricular thalamus on neuroendocrine and behavioral adaptations to repeated stress. | Heydendael W et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Severe stress switches CRF action in the nucleus accumbens from appetitive to aversive. | Lemos JC et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Site-specific genetic manipulation of amygdala corticotropin-releasing factor reveals its imperative role in mediating behavioral response to challenge. | Regev L et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Stress and addiction: contribution of the corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) system in neuroplasticity. | Haass-Koffler CL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine derivatives: potent and orally active antagonists of corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor. | Takahashi Y et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Tau's role in the developing brain: implications for intellectual disability. | Sapir T et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Urocortin 2 modulates aspects of social behaviour in mice. | Breu J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Urocortin-dependent effects on adrenal morphology, growth, and expression of steroidogenic enzymes in vivo. | Riester A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Urocortins: CRF's siblings and their potential role in anxiety, depression and alcohol drinking behavior. | Ryabinin AE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Visualizing corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 expression and neuronal connectivities in the mouse using a novel multifunctional allele. | KΓΌhne C et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Withdrawal from repeated treatment with ethanol induces a protracted decrease in novelty-seeking behavior and enhancement of environmental habituation in mice. | Fukushiro DF et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| An anxiolytic role for CRF receptor type 1 in the globus pallidus. | Sztainberg Y et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Anorexia nervosa: a unified neurological perspective. | Hasan TF et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Anxiogenic and antinociceptive effects induced by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) injections into the periaqueductal gray are modulated by CRF1 receptor in mice. | Miguel TT et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Association of the calcyon neuron-specific vesicular protein gene (CALY) with adolescent smoking initiation in China and California. | Li D et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Automated blood sampling to identify pharmacodynamics biomarkers of corticotrophin releasing factor receptor 1 antagonism. | Katugampola SD et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Biomimetic screening of class-B G protein-coupled receptors. | Devigny C et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Citalopram-mediated anxiolysis and differing neurobiological responses in both sexes of a genetic model of depression. | Kokras N et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Corticotropin releasing factor receptor antagonists for major depressive disorder. | Paez-Pereda M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Decreased response to social defeat stress in ΞΌ-opioid-receptor knockout mice. | Komatsu H et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Differential effect of prenatal stress on the expression of corticotrophin-releasing hormone and its receptors in the hypothalamus and amygdala in male and female rats. | Zohar I et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Discovery of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ones as corticotropin-releasing factor 1 receptor antagonists with a carbonyl-based hydrogen bonding acceptor. | Aso K et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Dissection of corticotropin-releasing factor system involvement in locomotor sensitivity to methamphetamine. | Giardino WJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effects of citalopram on serotonin and CRF systems in the midbrain of primates with differences in stress sensitivity. | Bethea CL et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effects of social isolation on mRNA expression for corticotrophin-releasing hormone receptors in prairie voles. | Pournajafi-Nazarloo H et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effects of stress and motivation on performing a spatial task. | Wood LS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Ethanol concentration-dependent effects and the role of stress on ethanol drinking in corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 and double type 1 and 2 receptor knockout mice. | Pastor R et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Evolutionary conservation of glucocorticoids and corticotropin releasing hormone: behavioral and physiological adaptations. | Schulkin J | β | 2011 | β |
| Expression of CRH, CRH-related peptide and CRH receptor in the ovary and potential CRH signalling pathways. | Wypior G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Ghrelin, appetite regulation, and food reward: interaction with chronic stress. | Diz-Chaves Y | β | 2011 | β |
| Glutamatergic and dopaminergic neurons mediate anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of CRHR1. | Refojo D et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Identification of SPRED2 (sprouty-related protein with EVH1 domain 2) as a negative regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. | Ullrich M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Molecular signaling and translational significance of the corticotropin releasing factor system. | Ronan PJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Overexpression of CB2 cannabinoid receptors decreased vulnerability to anxiety and impaired anxiolytic action of alprazolam in mice. | GarcΓa-GutiΓ©rrez MS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Prolonged and site-specific over-expression of corticotropin-releasing factor reveals differential roles for extended amygdala nuclei in emotional regulation. | Regev L et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Relaxin-3-deficient mice showed slight alteration in anxiety-related behavior. | Watanabe Y et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Role of corticotropin-releasing factor in drug addiction: potential for pharmacological intervention. | Logrip ML et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Sex differences in prenatally programmed anxiety behaviour in rats: differential corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the amygdaloid complex. | Brunton PJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The corticotropin-releasing hormone network and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. | Bonfiglio JJ et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Visual information alone changes behavior and physiology during social interactions in a cichlid fish (Astatotilapia burtoni). | Chen CC et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Voltage-sensitive dye imaging demonstrates an enhancing effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on neuronal activity propagation through the hippocampal formation. | von Wolff G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Activation of central CRF receptor 1 by cortagine results in enhanced passive coping with a naturalistic threat in mice. | Tovote P et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Acute withdrawal, protracted abstinence and negative affect in alcoholism: are they linked? | Heilig M et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| A triple urocortin knockout mouse model reveals an essential role for urocortins in stress recovery. | Neufeld-Cohen A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Augmented stress-induced alcohol drinking and withdrawal in mice lacking functional natriuretic peptide-A receptors. | Mutschler J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Central deficiency of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRH-R1) abolishes effects of CRH on NREM but not on REM sleep in mice. | Romanowski CP et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Comparative biotransformation of pyrazinone-containing corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 antagonists: minimizing the reactive metabolite formation. | Zhuo X et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| CRF receptor blockade prevents initiation and consolidation of stress effects on affect in the predator stress model of PTSD. | Adamec R et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Effects of antidepressive treatment of Saint John's wort extract related to autonomic nervous function in women with irritable bowel syndrome. | Wan H et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Galanin, galanin receptor subtypes and depression-like behaviour. | Kuteeva E et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neurobiological and psychiatric consequences of child abuse and neglect. | Heim C et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Ovarian steroid regulation of the midbrain corticotropin releasing factor and urocortin systems in macaques. | Sanchez RL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Reversal by quercetin of corticotrophin releasing factor induced anxiety- and depression-like effect in mice. | Bhutada P et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Roles for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) expression and signaling in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in mediating the behavioral consequences of chronic stress. | Hammack SE et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Single-nucleotide polymorphisms in corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 gene (CRHR1) are associated with quantitative trait of event-related potential and alcohol dependence. | Chen AC et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Stress-induced priming of glutamate synapses unmasks associative short-term plasticity. | Kuzmiski JB et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The anxiolytic effect of environmental enrichment is mediated via amygdalar CRF receptor type 1. | Sztainberg Y et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The effects of repeated restraint stress on energy balance and behavior of mice with selective deletion of CRF receptors. | Chotiwat C et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Transient early-life forebrain corticotropin-releasing hormone elevation causes long-lasting anxiogenic and despair-like changes in mice. | Kolber BJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Urocortin-1 and -2 double-deficient mice show robust anxiolytic phenotype and modified serotonergic activity in anxiety circuits. | Neufeld-Cohen A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| A single episode of restraint stress regulates central corticotrophin- releasing hormone receptor expression and binding in specific areas of the mouse brain. | Greetfeld M et al. | β | 2009 | β |
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| Central urocortin 3 administration decreases limited-access ethanol intake in nondependent mice. | Sharpe AL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Chronic stimulation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 enhances the anxiogenic response of the cholecystokinin system. | Sherrin T et al. | β | 2009 | β |
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| Prodynorphin-derived peptides are critical modulators of anxiety and regulate neurochemistry and corticosterone. | Wittmann W et al. | β | 2009 | β |
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| The anxiolytic etifoxine protects against convulsant and anxiogenic aspects of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome in mice. | Verleye M et al. | β | 2009 | β |
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| Antagonism of specific corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtypes selectively modifies weight loss in restrained rats. | Chotiwat C et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Antidepressant-like effects of the CRF family peptides, urocortin 1, urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 in a modified forced swimming test in mice. | Tanaka M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
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| Conditional mouse mutants highlight mechanisms of corticotropin-releasing hormone effects on stress-coping behavior. | Lu A et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor involvement in behavioral neuroadaptation to ethanol: a urocortin1-independent mechanism. | Pastor R et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor modulates maternal separation-induced ultrasonic vocalization in rat pups via activation of CRF1 receptor. | Ise S et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Defensive behavioral strategies and enhanced state anxiety during chronic subordinate colony housing are accompanied by reduced hypothalamic vasopressin, but not oxytocin, expression. | Reber SO et al. | β | 2008 | β |
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| Genetic mouse models for behavioral analysis through transgenic RNAi technology. | Delic S et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Hypothalamic input is required for development of normal numbers of thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs, but not other anterior pituitary cells in late gestation sheep. | Szarek E et al. | β | 2008 | β |
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| Molecular targets of anxiety: from membrane to nucleus. | Wu LJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Mouse strain differences in the effects of corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) on sleep and wakefulness. | Sanford LD et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| MPZP: a novel small molecule corticotropin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1) antagonist. | Richardson HN et al. | β | 2008 | β |
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| Structural determinants critical for localization and signaling within the seventh transmembrane domain of the type 1 corticotropin releasing hormone receptor: lessons from the receptor variant R1d. | Markovic D et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| A CRF(2) agonist administered into the central nucleus of the amygdala decreases ethanol self-administration in ethanol-dependent rats. | Funk CK et al. | β | 2007 | β |
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| Corticotropin-releasing factor 1 antagonists selectively reduce ethanol self-administration in ethanol-dependent rats. | Funk CK et al. | β | 2007 | β |
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| Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1-deficient mice show decreased anxiety and colonic sensitivity. | Trimble N et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors differentially regulate stress-induced tau phosphorylation. | Rissman RA et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus modulate social behavior in Syrian hamsters. | Cooper MA et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone receptor alterations elicited by acute and chronic unpredictable stressor challenges in stressor-susceptible and resilient strains of mice. | Anisman H et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Dependence-induced increases in ethanol self-administration in mice are blocked by the CRF1 receptor antagonist antalarmin and by CRF1 receptor knockout. | Chu K et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Differential activation of CRF receptor subtypes removes stress-induced memory deficit and anxiety. | Todorovic C et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Disruption of the CRF/CRF1 receptor stress system exacerbates the somatic signs of opiate withdrawal. | Papaleo F et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Expression profiling identifies the CRH/CRH-R1 system as a modulator of neurovascular gene activity. | Deussing JM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Lack of lithium-like behavioral and molecular effects in IMPA2 knockout mice. | Cryns K et al. | β | 2007 | β |
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| Neurodevelopmental origins of depressive disorders. | Ansorge MS et al. | β | 2007 | β |
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| Ontogeny of steroid receptor coactivators in the hippocampus and their role in regulating postnatal HPA axis function. | Schmidt MV et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Pleiotropic impact of constitutive fosB inactivation on nicotine-induced behavioral alterations and stress-related traits in mice. | Zhu H et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Pro-opiomelanocortin peptides and the adrenal gland. | Karpac J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Requirement of cannabinoid receptor type 1 for the basal modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. | Cota D et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The CRF1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuates the neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of precipitated lorazepam withdrawal. | Skelton KH et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis response to stress in mice lacking functional vasopressin V1b receptors. | Lolait SJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Type 1 corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamus promote hypoglycemia-induced hormonal counterregulation. | Cheng H et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Activation of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ system is unable to reverse CRF2 receptor mediated anorexia in the rat. | Fedeli A et al. | β | 2006 | β |
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| Central infusion of ovine CRF (oCRF) potentiates defensive behaviors in CD-1 mice in the Mouse Defense Test Battery (MDTB). | Yang M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
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| Interactions between corticotropin-releasing hormone and serotonin: implications for the aetiology and treatment of anxiety disorders. | Linthorst AC | β | 2005 | β |
| Investigations of the genomic region that contains the clf1 mutation, a causal gene in multifactorial cleft lip and palate in mice. | Juriloff DM et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Listening to mutant mice: a spotlight on the role of CRF/CRF receptor systems in affective disorders. | Keck ME et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Mechanisms of action of antidepressants: from neurotransmitter systems to signaling pathways. | Taylor C et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Mice deficient in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 exhibit normal ethanol-associated behaviors. | Sharpe AL et al. | β | 2005 | β |
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| New drug targets in the signaling pathways activated by antidepressants. | PΓ‘ez-Pereda M | β | 2005 | β |
| Prenatal corticosteroid impact on hippocampus: implications for postnatal outcomes. | VelΓsek L | β | 2005 | β |
| Psychological stress impairs hepatic blood flow via central CRF receptors in mice. | Chida Y et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1alpha signaling: structural determinants for G protein-coupled receptor kinase-mediated phosphorylation and agonist-mediated desensitization. | Teli T et al. | β | 2005 | β |
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| Stress and central Urocortin increase anxiety-like behavior in the social interaction test via the CRF1 receptor. | Gehlert DR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Stress and the brain: from adaptation to disease. | de Kloet ER et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Stress and the gastrointestinal tract. | Bhatia V et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Stress enhancement of craving during sobriety: a risk for relapse. | Breese GR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The corticotropin-releasing factor receptor-1 pathway mediates the negative affective states of opiate withdrawal. | Contarino A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
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| The pharmacology of DMP696 and DMP904, non-peptidergic CRF1 receptor antagonists. | Li YW et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The role of corticotropin-releasing factor-like peptides in cannabis, nicotine, and alcohol dependence. | Bruijnzeel AW et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The role of CRF receptors in anxiety and depression: implications of the novel CRF1 agonist cortagine. | Todorovic C et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Abnormalities of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in the pro-opiomelanocortin deficient mouse. | Martin NM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Antidepressant-like activity of corticotropin-releasing factor type-1 receptor antagonists in mice. | Nielsen DM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like profile of a new CRF1 receptor antagonist, R278995/CRA0450. | Chaki S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| A role for corticotropin-releasing factor in repeated cold stress-induced anxiety-like behavior during forced swimming and elevated plus-maze tests in mice. | Nishikawa H et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Central CRF, urocortins and stress increase colonic transit via CRF1 receptors while activation of CRF2 receptors delays gastric transit in mice. | MartΓnez V et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Cortagine, a specific agonist of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype 1, is anxiogenic and antidepressive in the mouse model. | Tezval H et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Corticotrophin releasing factor-induced synaptic plasticity in the amygdala translates stress into emotional disorders. | Rainnie DG et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor 2 receptor localization in skeletal muscle. | Samuelsson S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 and 2 mRNA expression in the rat anterior pituitary is modulated by intermittent hypoxia, cold and restraint. | Wang TY et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone receptors: two decades later. | Aguilera G et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| CRF and CRF receptors: role in stress responsivity and other behaviors. | Bale TL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| CRH, stress, and major depression: a psychobiological interplay. | Claes SJ | β | 2004 | β |
| Discovering endophenotypes for major depression. | Hasler G et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive neurons in the central nervous system of the domestic chicken and Japanese quail. | Richard S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Does amygdaloid corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mediate anxiety-like behaviors? Dissociation of anxiogenic effects and CRH release. | Merali Z et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Effect of long-term blockade of CRF(1) receptors on exploratory behaviour, monoamines and transcription factor AP-2. | MΓ€llo T et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Effects of the CRF1 antagonist SSR125543A on aggressive behaviors in hamsters. | Farrokhi C et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Generation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1-deficient mice as an animal model of central hypothyroidism. | Rabeler R et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genetic approaches to the study of anxiety. | Gordon JA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genetic variation in the corticotrophin-releasing factor receptors: identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and association studies with obesity in UK Caucasians. | Challis BG et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Getting closer to affective disorders: the role of CRH receptor systems. | MΓΌller MB et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical system and mood disorders: highlights from mutant mice. | MΓΌller MB et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Impaired hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system is related to severity of benzodiazepine withdrawal in patients with depression. | Wichniak A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Importance of NO/cGMP signalling via cGMP-dependent protein kinase II for controlling emotionality and neurobehavioural effects of alcohol. | Werner C et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Increased anxiety-like behavior and ethanol self-administration in dependent rats: reversal via corticotropin-releasing factor-2 receptor activation. | Valdez GR et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Interaction between the corticotropin-releasing factor system and hypocretins (orexins): a novel circuit mediating stress response. | Winsky-Sommerer R et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Invited review: the evolution of antidepressant mechanisms. | Slattery DA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Molecular cloning and functional expression of the mouse CRF2(a) receptor splice variant. | Dautzenberg FM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Mouse mutants for the study of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor function: development of novel treatment strategies for mood disorders. | Keck ME et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Neurobiological mechanisms in addictive and psychiatric disorders. | Bruijnzeel AW et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Neuroendocrine pathways of addictive behaviour. | Kiefer F et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Neuropeptides: implications for alcoholism. | Cowen MS et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| NF-kappaB participates in the corticotropin-releasing, hormone-induced regulation of the pituitary proopiomelanocortin gene. | Karalis KP et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Pharmacogenetic studies of alcohol self-administration and withdrawal. | Crabbe JC et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Physiological roles of urocortins, human homologues of fish urotensin I, and their receptors. | Suda T et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Pituitary-adrenal responses to standard and low-dose dexamethasone suppression tests in adult survivors of child abuse. | Newport DJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Polymorphisms in FKBP5 are associated with increased recurrence of depressive episodes and rapid response to antidepressant treatment. | Binder EB et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Promoter analysis of human corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) type 1 receptor and regulation by CRF and urocortin. | Parham KL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Stress and alcohol drinking. | Sillaber I et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The dynamics of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis during maternal deprivation. | Schmidt M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The therapeutic potential of CRF1 antagonists for anxiety. | Zorrilla EP et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| The vasopressin V1b receptor critically regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity under both stress and resting conditions. | Tanoue A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Three-amino acid motifs of urocortin II and III determine their CRF receptor subtype selectivity. | Jahn O et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Tissue plasminogen activator promotes the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on the amygdala and anxiety-like behavior. | Matys T et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Translational medicine in fish-derived peptides: from fish endocrinology to human physiology and diseases. | Takahashi K | β | 2004 | β |
| Treatment with the CRH1-receptor-antagonist R121919 improves sleep-EEG in patients with depression. | Held K et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Trends in the development of new antidepressants. Is there a light at the end of the tunnel? | Pacher P et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Urocortinergic neurons respond in a differentiated manner to various acute stressors in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the rat. | Gaszner B et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Urocortin III, a brain neuropeptide of the corticotropin-releasing hormone family: modulation by stress and attenuation of some anxiety-like behaviours. | Venihaki M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Urocortins and corticotropin releasing factor type 2 receptors in the hypothalamus and the cardiovascular system. | Hashimoto K et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Activation of the CRF 2 receptor modulates skeletal muscle mass under physiological and pathological conditions. | Hinkle RT et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Alcohol and withdrawal: from animal research to clinical issues. | De Witte P et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Altered serotonergic neurotransmission but normal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity in mice chronically treated with the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 antagonist NBI 30775. | Oshima A et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| A novel water-soluble selective CRF1 receptor antagonist, NBI 35965, blunts stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia and colonic motor function in rats. | Million M et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Anxiogenic-like effect of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 antisense oligonucleotides infused into rat brain. | Isogawa K et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Brain mechanisms underlying emotional alterations in the peripartum period in rats. | Neumann ID | β | 2003 | β |
| Cardiac dynamics in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype-2 deficient mice. | Stiedl O et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Concurrent evaluation of locomotor response to novelty and propensity toward cocaine conditioned place preference in mice. | Shimosato K et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Corticosteroid receptor transgenic mice: models for depression? | Urani A et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor testing reveals a dose-dependent difference in methadone maintained vs control subjects. | Schluger JH et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| CRF1-receptor antagonist CP-154526 reduces alerting-related cutaneous vasoconstriction in conscious rabbits. | Nalivaiko E et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| [Diagnosis and clinical signs of fibromyalgia]. | Conrad I | β | 2003 | β |
| Differential involvement of amygdaloid CRH system(s) in the salience and valence of the stimuli. | Merali Z et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Dissecting adrenal and behavioral responses to stress by targeted gene inactivation in mice. | Brewer JA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Dissecting the components of the central response to stress. | Mayer EA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Effect of stress and adrenalectomy on urocortin II mRNA expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat. | Tanaka Y et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Endotoxin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. | Beishuizen A et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Fractal dynamics in circadian cardiac time series of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype-2 deficient mice. | Stiedl O et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Genetic animal models of anxiety. | Finn DA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Glucocorticoid receptor dysfunction: consequences for the pathophysiology and treatment of mood disorders. | Abraham A et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| High-quality antidepressant discovery by understanding stress hormone physiology. | Holsboer F | β | 2003 | β |
| Impaired long-term memory and NR2A-type NMDA receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity in mice lacking c-Fos in the CNS. | Fleischmann A et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Involvement of NMDA receptors in alcohol-mediated behavior: mice with reduced affinity of the NMDA R1 glycine binding site display an attenuated sensitivity to ethanol. | Kiefer F et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Limbic corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 mediates anxiety-related behavior and hormonal adaptation to stress. | MΓΌller MB et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Locomotor suppressive and anxiolytic-like effects of urocortin 3, a highly selective type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor agonist. | Valdez GR et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Low doses of corticotropin-releasing hormone injected into the dorsal raphe nucleus block the behavioral consequences of uncontrollable stress. | Hammack SE et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Membrane and synaptic effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on periaqueductal gray neurons of the rat. | Bowers LK et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Model systems in drug discovery: chemical genetics meets genomics. | Carroll PM et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Modulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2 mRNA expression by CRH deficiency or stress in the mouse heart. | Pournajafi Nazarloo H et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mouse mutants in the dissection of behavioural and psychiatric disorders. | Keays DA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Neuroanatomical circuits modulating fear and anxiety behaviors. | Charney DS | β | 2003 | β |
| Neuroendocrine pharmacology of stress. | Carrasco GA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Neuropeptide systems as novel therapeutic targets for depression and anxiety disorders. | Holmes A et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Receptor occupancy of nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing factor 1 antagonist DMP696: correlation with drug exposure and anxiolytic efficacy. | Li YW et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Reduced cerebral injury in CRH-R1 deficient mice after focal ischemia: a potential link to microglia and atrocytes that express CRH-R1. | Stevens SL et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Regulation of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R) in the rat anterior pituitary as assessed by radioimmunoassay. | Nigawara T et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone type 2 receptors by multiple promoters and alternative splicing: identification of multiple splice variants. | Catalano RD et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Regulation of the developing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1-deficient mice. | Schmidt MV et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| The corticotropin-releasing factor1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuates the behavioral and endocrine responses to stress. | Gutman DA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| The effects of chronic treatment with the mood stabilizers valproic acid and lithium on corticotropin-releasing factor neuronal systems. | Gilmor ML et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| The neurobiology and control of anxious states. | Millan MJ | β | 2003 | β |
| The pharmacology of CP-154,526, a non-peptide antagonist of the CRH1 receptor: a review. | Seymour PA et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| The postnatal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the mouse. | Schmidt MV et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Tissue growth and remodeling of the embryonic and adult adrenal gland. | Bland ML et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| ACTH-induced nucleocytoplasmic translocation of salt-inducible kinase. Implication in the protein kinase A-activated gene transcription in mouse adrenocortical tumor cells. | Takemori H et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Activation and induction of NUR77/NURR1 in corticotrophs by CRH/cAMP: involvement of calcium, protein kinase A, and MAPK pathways. | Kovalovsky D et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Age-related changes of anandamide metabolism in CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout mice: correlation with behaviour. | Maccarrone M et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Anorexia in space and possible etiologies: an overview. | Da Silva MS et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Behavioral neurobiology of alcohol addiction: recent advances and challenges. | Weiss F et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Blunted ACTH and cortisol responses to systemic injection of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in fibromyalgia: role of somatostatin and CRH-binding protein. | Riedel W et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Chromaffin cell function and structure is impaired in corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1-null mice. | Yoshida-Hiroi M et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Corticosteroid receptors in the brain: gene targeting studies. | Kellendonk C et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) downregulates the function of its receptor (CRF1) and induces CRF1 expression in hippocampal and cortical regions of the immature rat brain. | Brunson KL et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1-deficiency enhances hippocampal serotonergic neurotransmission: an in vivo microdialysis study in mutant mice. | PeΓ±alva RG et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Crossroads of corticotropin releasing hormone, corticosteroids and monoamines. About a biological interface between stress and depression. | Van Praag HM | β | 2002 | β |
| Decreased anxiety-like behavior, reduced stress hormones, and neurosteroid supersensitivity in mice lacking protein kinase Cepsilon. | Hodge CW et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Down-regulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 2beta mRNA expression in the rat cardiovascular system following food deprivation. | Nazarloo HP et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Effects of antalarmin, a CRF type 1 receptor antagonist, on anxiety-like behavior and motor activation in the rat. | Zorrilla EP et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Enhanced and delayed stress-induced alcohol drinking in mice lacking functional CRH1 receptors. | Sillaber I et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Evaluation of an anxiety-related phenotype in galanin overexpressing transgenic mice. | Holmes A et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Fractal dynamics of heart beat interval fluctuations in corticotropin-releasing factor receptor subtype 2 deficient mice. | Stiedl O et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Functional characteristics of CRH receptors and potential clinical applications of CRH-receptor antagonists. | Grammatopoulos DK et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Gene-based SNP genetic association study of the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2 (CRHR2) in major depression. | Villafuerte SM et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Genetically engineered mice for studies of stress-related clinical conditions. | MΓΌller MB et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| High vs low anxiety-related behavior rats: an animal model of extremes in trait anxiety. | Landgraf R et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Human urocortin II: mild locomotor suppressive and delayed anxiolytic-like effects of a novel corticotropin-releasing factor related peptide. | Valdez GR et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Increased ethanol self-administration and anxiety-like behavior during acute ethanol withdrawal and protracted abstinence: regulation by corticotropin-releasing factor. | Valdez GR et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Mice deficient for both corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1) and CRFR2 have an impaired stress response and display sexually dichotomous anxiety-like behavior. | Bale TL et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Molecular targets in the treatment of anxiety. | Kent JM et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Mouse models for psychiatric disorders. | Seong E et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Multiple feedback mechanisms activating corticotropin-releasing hormone system in the brain during stress. | Makino S et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Neuropeptides, food intake and body weight regulation: a hypothalamic focus. | Hillebrand JJ et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| On the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors in anxiety and depression. | Reul JM et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Permutation-validated principal components analysis of microarray data. | Landgrebe J et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Pharmacology and biology of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors. | Eckart K et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Reduction of stress-induced behavior by antagonism of corticotropin-releasing hormone 2 (CRH2) receptors in lateral septum or CRH1 receptors in amygdala. | Bakshi VP et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Resistance to alcohol withdrawal-induced behaviour in Fyn transgenic mice and its reversal by ifenprodil. | Stork O et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Targeted mutations of the corticotropin-releasing factor system: effects on physiology and behavior. | Contarino A et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| The binding protein of corticotropin-releasing factor: ligand-binding site and subunit structure. | Jahn O et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| The CRH1 receptor antagonist R121919 attenuates stress-elicited sleep disturbances in rats, particularly in those with high innate anxiety. | Lancel M et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| The validity of animal models of predisposition to depression. | Willner P et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Urocortin, but not urocortin II, protects cultured hippocampal neurons from oxidative and excitotoxic cell death via corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type I. | Pedersen WA et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Urocortin-deficient mice display normal stress-induced anxiety behavior and autonomic control but an impaired acoustic startle response. | Wang X et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Urocortin-deficient mice show hearing impairment and increased anxiety-like behavior. | Vetter DE et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Animal models of CRH excess and CRH receptor deficiency display altered adaptations to stress. | Coste SC et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Antagonism of CRF(2) receptors produces anxiolytic behavior in animal models of anxiety. | Takahashi LK et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Antidepressant drug discovery in the postgenomic era. | Holsboer F | β | 2001 | β |
| A single amino acid serves as an affinity switch between the receptor and the binding protein of corticotropin-releasing factor: implications for the design of agonists and antagonists. | Eckart K et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Attenuation of fear conditioning by antisense inhibition of brain corticotropin releasing factor-2 receptor. | Ho SP et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Basic pathophysiologic mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome. | Mayer EA et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Characterization of three corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in catfish: a novel third receptor is predominantly expressed in pituitary and urophysis. | Arai M et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone protects neurons against insults relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. | Pedersen WA et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| CRHR1 antagonists as novel treatment strategies. | Holsboer F | β | 2001 | β |
| Depression as a spreading adjustment disorder of monoaminergic neurons: a case for primary implication of the locus coeruleus. | Harro J et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Detection of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 immunoreactivity in cholinergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons of the murine basal forebrain and brainstem nuclei--potential implication for arousal and attention. | Sauvage M et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Distribution and origin of corticotropin-releasing factor-immunoreactive axons in the female rat lumbosacral spinal cord. | Puder BA et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Does the vagus nerve mediate the sixth sense? | Zagon A | β | 2001 | β |
| Effect of repeated exposure to alcohol on the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of the rat: I. Role of changes in hypothalamic neuronal activity. | Lee S et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Electrophysiological effects of sustained delivery of CRF and its receptor agonists in hippocampal slices. | Rebaudo R et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Emerging targets for the treatment of depressive disorder. | Macritchie KA et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Expression of corticotropin releasing hormone receptors type I and type II mRNA in suicide victims and controls. | Hiroi N et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Genetic association analysis of behavioral inhibition using candidate loci from mouse models. | Smoller JW et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Heterodimerization of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors at a novel negative response element of the 5-HT1A receptor gene. | Ou XM et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Human stresscopin and stresscopin-related peptide are selective ligands for the type 2 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor. | Hsu SY et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Hyperactivity of CRH neuronal circuits as a target for therapeutic interventions in affective disorders. | Keck ME et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| KO's and organisation of peptidergic feeding behavior mechanisms. | Beck B | β | 2001 | β |
| Lessons learned from gene targeting and transgenesis for adrenal physiology and disease. | BΓΆttner A et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Mice with targeted mutations of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors: models for depression and anxiety? | Gass P et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Molecular biology of the CRH receptors-- in the mood. | Dautzenberg FM et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Molecular pathways of anxiety revealed by knockout mice. | Wood SJ et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Mouse anxiety: the power of knockout. | Lesch KP | β | 2001 | β |
| Peripheral corticotropin-releasing hormone and urocortin in the control of the immune response. | Baigent SM | β | 2001 | β |
| Prospects for antidepressant drug discovery. | Holsboer F | β | 2001 | β |
| Role of CRF(1) and CRF(2) receptors in fear and anxiety. | Takahashi LK | β | 2001 | β |
| Role of CRF receptor 1 in central CRF-induced stimulation of colonic propulsion in rats. | MartΓnez V et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Stress, hypercortisolism and corticosteroid receptors in depression: implications for therapy. | Holsboer F | β | 2001 | β |
| The anxiolytic effect of the CRH(1) receptor antagonist R121919 depends on innate emotionality in rats. | Keck ME et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| The effects of CRA 1000, a non-peptide antagonist of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1, on adaptive behaviour in the rat. | Harro J et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| The molecular neurobiology of stress--evidence from genetic and epigenetic models. | Steckler T | β | 2001 | β |
| The physiology of corticotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in mice. | Muglia LJ et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Therapeutic potential of CRF receptor antagonists: a gut-brain perspective. | Heinrichs SC et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| The role of CRH in behavioral responses to stress. | Smagin GN et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| V. Stress and irritable bowel syndrome. | Mayer EA et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| 4-(1,3-Dimethoxyprop-2-ylamino)-2,7-dimethyl-8-(2, 4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]-1,3,5-triazine: a potent, orally bioavailable CRF(1) receptor antagonist. | He L et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Abnormal adaptations to stress and impaired cardiovascular function in mice lacking corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2. | Coste SC et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Altered amygdalar CRF release and increased anxiety-like behavior in Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats: a microdialysis and behavioral study. | Richter RM et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Astressin, a corticotropin releasing factor antagonist, reverses the anxiogenic effects of urocortin when administered into the basolateral amygdala. | Sajdyk TJ et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Cholecystokinin-induced anxiety in rats: relevance of pre-experimental stress and seasonal variations. | KΓ΅ks S et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Chronic administration of the triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam produces opposite effects on corticotropin-releasing factor and urocortin neuronal systems. | Skelton KH et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone and animal models of anxiety: gene-environment interactions. | Bakshi VP et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Corticotropin releasing hormone and proopiomelanocortin involvement in the cutaneous response to stress. | Slominski A et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| CRH deficiency impairs but does not block pituitary-adrenal responses to diverse stressors. | Jacobson L et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Deletion of crhr2 reveals an anxiolytic role for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2. | Kishimoto T et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Differential Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, sacral parasympathetic nucleus and colonic motor response to water avoidance stress in Fischer and Lewis rats. | Million M et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Differentiation and regulation of the corticotropic pituitary cell. | Petersenn S et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Effect of corticotropin releasing factor receptor 1 antagonist on extracellular norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of rats in vivo. | Isogawa K et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Effects of the CRF(1) receptor antagonist, CP 154,526, in the separation-induced vocalization anxiolytic test in rat pups. | Kehne JH et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Effects of the high-affinity corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 antagonist R121919 in major depression: the first 20 patients treated. | Zobel AW et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Haploinsufficiency of steroidogenic factor-1 in mice disrupts adrenal development leading to an impaired stress response. | Bland ML et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Interleukin-6 is an essential, corticotropin-releasing hormone-independent stimulator of the adrenal axis during immune system activation. | Bethin KE et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Mice deficient for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor-2 display anxiety-like behaviour and are hypersensitive to stress. | Bale TL et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Mice deficient for delta- and mu-opioid receptors exhibit opposing alterations of emotional responses. | Filliol D et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Modulation of urocortin-induced hypophagia and weight loss by corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 deficiency in mice. | Bradbury MJ et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Neuroendocrine and hormonal perturbations and relations to the serotonergic system in fibromyalgia patients. | Neeck G | β | 2000 | β |
| Neuropeptides and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system: review of recent research strategies in depression. | Hatzinger M | β | 2000 | β |
| Neuropeptides--an overview. | HΓΆkfelt T et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Pharmacological characterisation of cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors in two Wistar rat lines selectively bred for high and low anxiety-related behaviour. | Hermann B et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Role of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptors in the anorexic syndrome induced by CRF. | Pelleymounter MA et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Role of endothelin-1 in stress response in the central nervous system. | Kurihara Y et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| The neurobiology of stress and gastrointestinal disease. | Mayer EA | β | 2000 | β |
| The role of CRF receptor subtypes in stress-induced behavioural responses. | Smagin GN et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| The sympathetic nerve--an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system. | Elenkov IJ et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Altered anxiety and weight gain in corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein-deficient mice. | Karolyi IJ et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Animal models of CRH deficiency. | Venihaki M et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| A novel spliced variant of the type 1 corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor with a deletion in the seventh transmembrane domain present in the human pregnant term myometrium and fetal membranes. | Grammatopoulos DK et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| A role for corticotropin releasing factor and urocortin in behavioral responses to stressors. | Koob GF et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Behavioral responses to stress are intact in CRF-deficient mice. | Dunn AJ et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Comparative distribution of GABAergic and peptide-containing neurons in the lateral lemniscal nuclei of the rat. | Ueyama T et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists, binding-protein and receptors: implications for central nervous system disorders. | Heinrichs SC et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor, norepinephrine, and stress. | Koob GF | β | 1999 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 mediates emotional stress-induced inhibition of food intake and behavioral changes in rats. | Hotta M et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor subtypes and emotion. | Steckler T et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| CRF and CRF receptors. | Radulovic J et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| CRF-deficient mice respond like wild-type mice to hypophagic stimuli. | Swiergiel AH et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Disruption of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the nervous system results in reduced anxiety. | Tronche F et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Functional, endogenously expressed corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 (CRF1) and CRF1 receptor mRNA expression in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. | Schoeffter P et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Hormonal pertubations in fibromyalgia syndrome. | Neeck G et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Melanocortin and leptin signaling systems: central regulation of catabolic energy balance. | Fisher SL et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Modulation of learning and anxiety by corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and stress: differential roles of CRF receptors 1 and 2. | Radulovic J et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Novel strategies for pharmacotherapy of depression. | Maubach KA et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Peripheral injection of a new corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonist, astressin, blocks peripheral CRF- and abdominal surgery-induced delayed gastric emptying in rats. | MartΓnez V et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Reduced anxiety-like and cognitive performance in mice lacking the corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1. | Contarino A et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Stress- and corticosteroid-induced modulation of the locomotor response to morphine in rats. | StΓΆhr T et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| Stress-induced behaviors require the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptor, but not CRH. | Weninger SC et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| The molecular pathogenesis of corticotroph tumors. | Dahia PL et al. | β | 1999 | β |
| The rationale for corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (CRH-R) antagonists to treat depression and anxiety. | Holsboer F | β | 1999 | β |
| A chilled-out knockout. | Borrelli E | β | 1998 | β |
| Development of neuroendocrine lineages requires the bHLH-PAS transcription factor SIM1. | Michaud JL et al. | β | 1998 | β |