Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: Concepts, Computations, and Some Common Confusions.
- Authors
- Igartua, Juan-JosΓ©; Hayes, Andrew F
- Year
- 2021
- Journal
- The Spanish journal of psychology
- PMID
- 35923144
- DOI
- 10.1017/SJP.2021.46
This work provides a conceptual introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis in psychological research. We discuss the concepts of direct effect, indirect effect, total effect, conditional effect, conditional direct effect, conditional indirect effect, and the index of moderated mediation index, while providing our perspective on certain analysis and interpretation confusions that sometimes arise in practice in this journal and elsewhere, such as reliance on the causal steps approach and the Sobel test in mediation analysis, misinterpreting the regression coefficients in a model that includes a product of variables, and subgroups mediation analysis rather than conditional process analysis when exploring whether an indirect effect depends on a moderator. We also illustrate how to conduct various analyses that are the focus of this paper with the freely-available PROCESS procedure available for SPSS, SAS, and R, using data from an experimental investigation on the effectiveness of personal or testimonial narrative messages in improving intergroup attitudes.
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| Impact of the use of dental services on dental pain according to adolescents' skin colour: a 10-year cohort. | Rauber ED et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| "It Happened to Me and It's Serious": Conditional Indirect Effects of Infection Severity Narrated in Testimonial Tweets on COVID-19 Prevention. | Igartua JJ et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Ketamine's acute effects on negative brain states are mediated through distinct altered states of consciousness in humans. | Hack LM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Maternal Pre-Pregnancy BMI, Offspring Adiposity in Late Childhood, and Age of Weaning: A Causal Mediation Analysis. | Zhang J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Nature conservation versus climate protection: a basic conflict of goals regarding the acceptance of climate protection measures? | BlΓΆbaum A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Parental Educational Practices and Life Satisfaction: The Role of Positive Affect and Agreeableness in Adolescents. | Mercader-Rubio I et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Predictors of Quality of Life in HIV-Infected Persons from Mozambique: The Dual Role of Schooling. | Lufiande J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Psychological distress is involved in CRCI in breast cancer survivors via mediating cytokine levels. | Pang L et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Quality of life and psychiatric distress in people with serious mental illness, the role of personal recovery. | Saavedra J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Rates and Correlates of Alcohol and Substance Use Among Women Veterans During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role of COVID-Specific Anxiety. | Buckheit KA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Serial mediation of the relationship between impulsivity and suicidal ideation by depression and hopelessness in depressed patients. | Chen X et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Social integration, physical and mental health and subjective well-being in the floating population-a moderated mediation analysis. | Fei C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The association between callous-unemotional traits and suicide ideation among youth: A conditional process analysis. | Liu J et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The effect of hippocampal radiomic features and functional connectivity on the relationship between hippocampal volume and cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease. | Du Y et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The environmental effects of undertaking industrial transfer in developing countries: a quasi-natural experimental evidence in China. | Yang X et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The Hometown Is Hard to Leave, the Homesickness Is Unforgettable-The Influence of Homesickness Advertisement on Hometown Brand Citizenship Behavior of Consumers. | Wei C et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The mechanisms of nature-based therapy on depression, anxiety, stress, and life satisfaction: examining mindfulness in a two-wave mediation model. | Kang M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
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| The role of ventrolateral prefrontal cortex on voluntary emotion regulation of social pain. | Yu W et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Toxic leadership behaviour of nurse managers and turnover intentions: the mediating role of job satisfaction. | Ofei AMA et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Traffic noise in the bedroom in association with markers of obesity: a cross-sectional study and mediation analysis of the respiratory health in Northern Europe cohort. | Veber T et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Trust in higher guidance and suicidality in Afghan students under the Taliban regime{fr}(Confianza en la orientaciΓ³n superior y suicidalidad en estudiantes afganos bajo el rΓ©gimen TalibΓ‘n). | Mehrabi A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| When narratives speak louder than numbers: the effects of narrative persuasion across the stages of behavioural change to reduce air pollution. | Bosone L et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Workplace violence against nursing interns and patient safety: The multiple mediation effect of professional identity and professional burnout. | Yang Q et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| BMI and Disordered Eating in Black College Women: The Potential Mediating Role of Body Appreciation and Moderating Role of Ethnic Identity. | BouttΓ© RL et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Characteristics of children on the autism spectrum who benefit the most from receiving intervention in inclusive versus specialised early childhood education settings. | Vivanti G et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Does COVID-19 Fear Induce Employee Innovation Performance Deficiency? Examining the Mediating Role of Psychological Stress and Moderating Role of Organizational Career Support. | Hossin MA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Effects of cognitive reserve proxies on cognitive function and frontoparietal control network in subjects with white matter hyperintensities: A cross-sectional functional magnetic resonance imaging study. | Ye Q et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Examining the relationship between perceived teacher support and students' academic engagement in foreign language learning: Enjoyment and boredom as mediators. | Zhao Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| How perceived threat of COVID-19 related to aggressive tendencies during the pandemic in Hubei Province and other regions of China: Mediators and moderators. | Deng S et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neuroticism and Emotional Intelligence in Adolescence: A Mediation Model Moderate by Negative Affect and Self-Esteem. | Oropesa Ruiz NF et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Oral health and depressive symptoms among older adults in urban China: a moderated mediation model analysis. | Sun Q et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Perceived racial discrimination, psychosomatic symptoms, and resilience among Black individuals in Canada: A moderated mediation model. | CΓ©nat JM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Physical activity, mental and physical health during the Covid-19 outbreak: longitudinal predictors of suicide ideation in Germany. | Brailovskaia J et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Problematic utilization of online social networking site in Chinese college students: prediction of personality and dynamic mediators. | Zhang M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Racial/Ethnic Differences in Alcohol and Drug Misuse Among IPV-Victimized Women: Exploring the Role of Difficulties Regulating Positive Emotions. | Weiss NH et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Relationship Between Satisfaction With Medical Care, Physical Health, and Emotional Well-Being in Adult Men: Mediating Role of Communication. | Ramos-Vera C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Research on body image cognition, social support and illness perception in breast cancer patients with different surgical methods. | Liu Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Self-help cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety in pulmonary hypertension: pilot randomised controlled trial. | Rawlings GH et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The effects of rumination on internalising symptoms in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic among mothers and their offspring: a brief report. | Duttweiler HR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Impact Mechanism of Green Credit Policy on the Sustainability Performance of Heavily Polluting Enterprises-Based on the Perspectives of Technological Innovation Level and Credit Resource Allocation. | Ding X et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Impact of Positivity and Parochial Altruism on Protective Behaviours during the First COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy. | Singh Solorzano C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Influence of Perceived Immigration Context and Healthcare Utilization Immigration Law Concerns Latinx Immigrants' HIV Testing. | Suro B et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The mediating role of emotion regulation in transdiagnostic cognitive behavioural therapy for emotional disorders in primary care: Secondary analyses of the PsicAP randomized controlled trial. | MuΓ±oz-Navarro R et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress and Academic Procrastination between Physical Activity and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. | Yang L et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The Relationship Between Corruption Perception and Depression: A Multiple Mediation Model. | Zhang Y | β | 2022 | β |
| The relationship between just world belief and wellbeing, cheating behaviors, and academic work behaviors during COVID 19 among university students. | MΓΌnscher S | β | 2022 | β |
| The Role of Acculturation in the Relation Between Intimate Partner Violence and Substance Misuse Among IPV-victimized Hispanic Women in the Community. | Reyes ME et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Understanding the Mechanisms through Which Family Risk Affects Adolescent Mental Health: A Model of Multisystemic Resilience in Context. | Cameranesi M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Women's Risk Perception and Responses to Intimate Partner Sexual Coercion: The Role of Type of Tactic, Previous Experience, and Myths Acceptance. | Garrido-MacΓas M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| A behavior-theoretic evaluation of values clarification on parental beliefs and intentions toward genomic sequencing for newborns. | Paquin RS et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and quality of life in female patients with fibromyalgia | TΓΌrkoΔlu G | β | 2021 | β |
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| Double trouble? Associations of parental substance use and eating behaviors with pediatric disordered eating. | Boswell RG et al. | β | 2021 | β |
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| Perceived discrimination predicts elevated biological markers of inflammation among sexual minority adults. | Wardecker BM et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The role of interindividual licking received and dopamine genotype on later-life licking provisioning in female rat offspring. | Lauby SC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Altered Neural Processing of Threat-Related Information in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Violence: A Transdiagnostic Mechanism Contributing to the Emergence of Psychopathology. | Weissman DG et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Improving Complementary Food Hygiene Behaviors Using the Risk, Attitude, Norms, Ability, and Self-Regulation Approach in Rural Malawi. | Chidziwisano K et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Influence of structural and functional brain connectivity on age-related differences in fluid cognition. | Madden DJ et al. | β | 2020 | β |
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| Understanding the relationships between mental disorders, self-reported health outcomes and positive mental health: findings from a national survey. | Vaingankar JA et al. | β | 2020 | β |
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| The Protective Effects of Social Factors on the Academic Functioning of Adolescents With ADHD. | Dvorsky MR et al. | β | 2018 | β |
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| Mindfulness Facets, Social Anxiety, and Drinking to Cope with Social Anxiety: Testing Mediators of Drinking Problems. | Clerkin EM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
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| Cervical Microbiota Associated with Higher Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women Infected with High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses. | Piyathilake CJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment. | RΓΆthlin P et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| School-Aged Outcomes following Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure: 7.5-Year Follow-Up from the Infant Development, Environment, and Lifestyle Study. | Eze N et al. | β | 2016 | β |
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