Familial transmission of substance use disorders.
- Authors
- Merikangas, K R; Stolar, M; Stevens, D E; Goulet, J; Preisig, M A; Fenton, B; Zhang, H; O'Malley, S S; Rounsaville, B J
- Year
- 1998
- Journal
- Archives of general psychiatry
- PMID
- 9819065
- DOI
- 10.1001/archpsyc.55.11.973
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that substance use disorders are familial and that genetic factors explain a substantial degree of their familial aggregation. To perform a controlled family study of probands with several different predominant drugs of abuse, including opioids, cocaine, cannabis, and/or alcohol. METHODS: The subjects for the present study included 231 probands with dependence on opioids, cocaine, cannabis, and/or alcohol and 61 control probands, and their 1267 adult first-degree relatives. Diagnostic estimates were based on semistructured diagnostic interviews and/or structured family history interviews regarding each proband, spouse, and adult first-degree relative. The interview data were reviewed blindly and independently by clinicians with extensive experience in the evaluation and treatment of substance use disorders. RESULTS: There was an 8-fold increased risk of drug disorders among the relatives of probands with drug disorders across a wide range of specific substances, including opioids, cocaine, cannabis, and alcohol, which is largely independent from the familial aggregation of both alcoholism and antisocial personality disorder. There was also evidence of specificity of familial aggregation of the predominant drug of abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation in risk of this magnitude places a family history of drug disorder as one of the most potent risk factors for the development of drug disorders. These results suggest that there may be risk factors that are specific to particular classes of drugs as well as risk factors that underlie substance disorders in general.
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| Does exposure to parental substance use disorders increase substance use disorder risk in offspring? A 5-year follow-up study. | Yule AM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Epigenetic inheritance of a cocaine-resistance phenotype. | Vassoler FM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genetic and environmental influences on the familial transmission of externalizing disorders in adoptive and twin offspring. | Hicks BM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Impact of Family History in Persons With Dual Diagnosis. | Wilson CS et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Implications of genome wide association studies for addiction: are our a priori assumptions all wrong? | Hall FS et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| NCK2 is significantly associated with opiates addiction in African-origin men. | Liu Z et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Neuroplasticity, axonal guidance and micro-RNA genes are associated with morphine self-administration behavior. | Tapocik JD et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Sex differences in antisocial personality disorder: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. | Alegria AA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Substance Abusers Attending a Regional Drug De-addiction Centre in Chronic Conflict Area: Kashmir, India. | Rather YH et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Stability and change of genetic and environmental effects on the common liability to alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis DSM-IV dependence symptoms. | Palmer RH et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Striatal ups and downs: their roles in vulnerability to addictions in humans. | Leyton M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Substance-specific environmental influences on drug use and drug preference in animals and humans. | Badiani A | — | 2013 | → |
| The ADH1B and DRD2 gene polymorphism may modify the protective effect of the ALDH2 gene against heroin dependence. | Wang TY et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The amphetamine response moderates the relationship between negative emotionality and alcohol use. | Allen KJ et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The association between prescribed opioid use for mothers and children: a record-linkage study. | Log T et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The genetics of alcohol dependence. | Rietschel M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The intergenerational transmission of conduct problems. | Raudino A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Within-family environmental transmission of drug abuse: a Swedish national study. | Kendler KS et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Abnormal brain structure implicated in stimulant drug addiction. | Ersche KD et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Adolescence and parental history of alcoholism: insights from the sleep EEG. | Tarokh L et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Association study of the β-arrestin 2 gene (ARRB2) with opioid and cocaine dependence in a European-American population. | Ambrose-Lanci LM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Autosomal linkage scan for loci predisposing to comorbid dependence on multiple substances. | Yang BZ et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Brain functional connectivity in stimulant drug dependence and obsessive-compulsive disorder. | Meunier D et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for other substance misuse: 10-year study of individuals with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. | Biederman J et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Cocaine self-administration in Warsaw alcohol high-preferring (WHP) and Warsaw alcohol low-preferring (WLP) rats. | Acewicz A et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Cognitive dysfunction and anxious-impulsive personality traits are endophenotypes for drug dependence. | Ersche KD et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Custom genotyping for substance addiction susceptibility genes in Jordanians of Arab descent. | Al-Eitan LN et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Dissipation of sleep pressure is stable across adolescence. | Tarokh L et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Examination of the structure of psychopathology using latent class analysis. | Olino TM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Externalizing behaviors are associated with SNPs in the CHRNA5/CHRNA3/CHRNB4 gene cluster. | Stephens SH et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Family history and oral health: findings from the Dunedin Study. | Shearer DM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Genetic and familial environmental influences on the risk for drug abuse: a national Swedish adoption study. | Kendler KS et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Getting to the core of addiction: hatching the addiction egg. | Kalivas PW et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| How do gamblers start gambling: identifying behavioural markers for high-risk internet gambling. | Braverman J et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Large scale association analysis for drug addiction: results from SNP to gene. | Guo X et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Maintenance medication for opiate addiction: the foundation of recovery. | Bart G | — | 2012 | → |
| Mechanisms underlying the link between cannabis use and prospective memory. | Cuttler C et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Nonparametric Covariate-Adjusted Association Tests Based on the Generalized Kendall's Tau(). | Zhu W et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Parental substance use impairment, parenting and substance use disorder risk. | Arria AM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. | McLaughlin KA et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Recreational gamblers with and without parental addiction. | Schreiber LR et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Sex hormone activity in alcohol addiction: integrating organizational and activational effects. | Lenz B et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Smoking pattern in family members of smokers in slums of surat city, Western India. | Gharat V et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Testing multiple levels of influence in the intergenerational transmission of alcohol disorders from a developmental perspective: the example of alcohol use promoting peers and μ-opioid receptor M1 variation. | Chassin L et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The genetics of substance dependence. | Wang JC et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The Purpose in Chronic Addiction. | Pickard H | — | 2012 | → |
| Understanding genetic risk for substance use and addiction: a guide for non-geneticists. | Urbanoski KA et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Adults with a family history of alcohol related problems are more impulsive on measures of response initiation and response inhibition. | Acheson A et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Do executive and reactive disinhibition mediate the effects of familial substance use disorders on adolescent externalizing outcomes? | Handley ED et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Familial influence of substance use disorder on emotional disorder across three generations. | Leventhal AM et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Family and parenting characteristics associated with marijuana use by Chilean adolescents. | Bares CB et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Family psychosocial characteristics influencing criminal behaviour and mortality--possible mediating factors: a longitudinal study of male and female subjects in the Stockholm Birth Cohort. | af Klinteberg B et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Family study of borderline personality disorder and its sectors of psychopathology. | Gunderson JG et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Genetic vulnerability and susceptibility to substance dependence. | Bierut LJ | — | 2011 | → |
| Genome-wide association studies of alcohol dependence and substance use disorders. | Treutlein J et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Greater discounting of delayed rewards in young adults with family histories of alcohol and drug use disorders: studies from the Oklahoma family health patterns project. | Acheson A et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Heroin-dependent family: a biopsychosocial context. | Jhanjee S et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Inter-generational continuity in periodontal health: findings from the Dunedin family history study. | Shearer DM et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Molecular targets of alcohol action: Translational research for pharmacotherapy development and screening. | Gorini G et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Parental substance use history of overweight men and women with binge eating disorder is associated with distinct developmental trajectories and comorbid mood disorder. | Blomquist KK et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Paternal incarceration and trajectories of marijuana and other illegal drug use from adolescence into young adulthood: evidence from longitudinal panels of males and females in the United States. | Roettger ME et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Statistical Analysis in Genetic Studies of Mental Illnesses. | Zhang H | — | 2011 | → |
| The nuclear transcription factor PKNOX2 is a candidate gene for substance dependence in European-origin women. | Chen X et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| A brief, web-based personalized feedback selective intervention for college student marijuana use: a randomized clinical trial. | Lee CM et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| A cognitive model for the intergenerational transference of alcohol use behavior. | Campbell JM et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Addictions and their familiality in Iceland. | Tyrfingsson T et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Adolescent brain development and the risk for alcohol and other drug problems. | Bava S et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| A genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence. | Bierut LJ et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder and delirium in the general population. | Perälä J et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Cannabis dependence in the San Francisco Family Study: age of onset of use, DSM-IV symptoms, withdrawal, and heritability. | Ehlers CL et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Developmental cascades: linking adolescent substance use, affiliation with substance use promoting peers, and academic achievement to adult substance use disorders. | Haller M et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Drug addiction endophenotypes: impulsive versus sensation-seeking personality traits. | Ersche KD et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Genetics of drug dependence. | Gelernter J et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Intergenerational continuity in oral health: a review. | Shearer DM et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Measuring addiction propensity and severity: the need for a new instrument. | Conway KP et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Neural circuitry associated with risk for alcohol use disorders. | Tessner KD et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| One-year follow-up of suicidal adolescents: parental history of mental health problems and time to post-hospitalization attempt. | King CA et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Parental consanguinity and susceptibility to drug abuse among offspring, a case-control study. | Saadat M et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Qualitative differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice in morphine potentiation of brain stimulation reward and intravenous self-administration. | Elmer GI et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Sleep electroencephalogram in children with a parental history of alcohol abuse/dependence. | Tarokh L et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| The end of behavioral genetics? 2008. | McGue M | — | 2010 | → |
| Treatment effectiveness and adherence in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone long-acting injection. | Chang CL et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Using expression genetics to study the neurobiology of ethanol and alcoholism. | Farris SP et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Victimization and substance use disorders in a national sample of heterosexual and sexual minority women and men. | Hughes T et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Addiction genetics and pleiotropic effects of common haplotypes that make polygenic contributions to vulnerability to substance dependence. | Uhl GR et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| An association of prodynorphin polymorphisms and opioid dependence in females in a Chinese population. | Clarke TK et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Association study between the PIK4CA gene and methamphetamine use disorder in a Japanese population. | Kanahara N et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Differential activation of the anterior cingulate cortex and caudate nucleus during a gambling simulation in persons with a family history of alcoholism: studies from the Oklahoma Family Health Patterns Project. | Acheson A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Does conduct disorder mediate the development of substance use disorders in adolescents with bipolar disorder? A case-control family study. | Wilens TE et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Estimating the number of children exposed to parental psychiatric disorders through a national health survey. | Bassani DG et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Evidence for association between polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) gene and cannabis dependence. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Familial risk analysis of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and psychoactive substance use disorder in female adolescents: a controlled study. | Biederman J et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Family history for chronic headache and drug overuse as a risk factor for headache chronification. | Cevoli S et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Measurement of the risk for substance use disorders: phenotypic and genetic analysis of an index of common liability. | Vanyukov MM et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Modeling the genetic and environmental association between peer group deviance and cannabis use in male twins. | Gillespie NA et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| New onsets of substance use disorders in borderline personality disorder over 7 years of follow-ups: findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. | Walter M et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Patterns of substance use in male incarcerated drug users in Sri Lanka. | Dissabandara LO et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Potential association of DRD2 and DAT1 genetic variation with heroin dependence. | Hou QF et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Predictors of illicit substance dependence among individuals with alcohol dependence. | Sintov ND et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and other substance use disorders in young adulthood: A population-based study. | Latvala A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Prevalence of psychotic and non-psychotic disorders in relatives of patients with a first episode psychosis. | Faridi K et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Smoking and smoking cessation in disadvantaged women: assessing genetic contributions. | Uhl GR et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Structural and diffusional brain abnormality related to relatively low level alcohol consumption. | Sasaki H et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The familial aggregation of cannabis use disorders. | Merikangas KR et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Addiction Reviews. Preface. | Uhl GR | — | 2008 | → |
| Are there genetic influences on addiction: evidence from family, adoption and twin studies. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| A retrospective sibling study of childhood adjustment in adults with substance use disorders. | Easow JM et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| A risk allele for nicotine dependence in CHRNA5 is a protective allele for cocaine dependence. | Grucza RA et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Association of the 54-nucleotide repeat polymorphism of hPer3 with heroin dependence in Han Chinese population. | Zou Y et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Association study between polymorphisms in glutathione-related genes and methamphetamine use disorder in a Japanese population. | Hashimoto T et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Counting children at risk: exploring a method to estimate the number of children exposed to parental mental illness using adult health survey data. | Bassani DG et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Drug use and dependence in cocaine dependent subjects, community-based individuals, and their siblings. | Bierut LJ et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Familial risk analyses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders. | Biederman J et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Familial transmission of derived phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of substance use disorders. | Faraone SV et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Gene-environment interplay between cannabis and psychosis. | Henquet C et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Genetic and environmental contributions to nicotine, alcohol and cannabis dependence in male twins. | Xian H et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Genetic factors influencing alcohol dependence. | Mayfield RD et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| "Higher order" addiction molecular genetics: convergent data from genome-wide association in humans and mice. | Uhl GR et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| HPA-axis activity in alcoholism: examples for a gene-environment interaction. | Clarke TK et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Impulsive errors on a Go-NoGo reaction time task: disinhibitory traits in relation to a family history of alcoholism. | Saunders B et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Is there evidence for symptoms of cannabis withdrawal in the national epidemiologic survey of alcohol and related conditions? | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects. | Uhl GR et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Role of the dopamine transporter in the action of psychostimulants, nicotine, and other drugs of abuse. | Zhu J et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Socioeconomic status and social support following illicit drug use: causal pathways or common liability? | Bergen SE et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Substance abuse interventions for parents involved in the child welfare system: evidence and implications. | Osterling KL et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| The developmental antecedents of illicit drug use: evidence from a 25-year longitudinal study. | Fergusson DM et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| The developmental origin of adolescent alcohol use: findings from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes. | Alati R et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| The effect of cannabis on the brain: can it cause brain anomalies that lead to increased risk for schizophrenia? | DeLisi LE | — | 2008 | → |
| The End of Behavioral Genetics? | McGue M | — | 2008 | → |
| A latent class analysis of illicit drug abuse/dependence: results from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Allelic and genotypic associations of DRD2 TaqI A polymorphism with heroin dependence in Spanish subjects: a case control study. | Perez de los Cobos J et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Analysis of association of clinical correlates and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with suicidal behavior among Chinese methamphetamine abusers. | Chen CK et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Association of bipolar and substance use disorders in parents of adolescents with bipolar disorder. | Wilens TE et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Biotechnology and the treatment of addictive disorders: new opportunities. | Elkashef A et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Buprenorphine maintenance: a new treatment for opioid dependence. | Collins GB et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Cannabis-related psychosis: Presentation and effect of abstinence. | Kulhalli V et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Deriving phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of substance use disorders: a family study approach. | Faraone SV et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Evidence for specificity of transmission of alcohol and nicotine dependence in an offspring of twins design. | Volk HE et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Family history of alcoholism influences naltrexone-induced reduction in alcohol drinking. | Krishnan-Sarin S et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Family history of psychiatric disorders and alcohol and substance misuse in patients with bipolar I disorder, substance use disorder, or both. | Sbrana A et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Genomewide suggestive linkage of opioid dependence to chromosome 14q. | Lachman HM et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Neurexin 3 polymorphisms are associated with alcohol dependence and altered expression of specific isoforms. | Hishimoto A et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Personality disorders in early adolescence and the development of later substance use disorders in the general population. | Cohen P et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Reduced amygdala activation in young adults at high risk of alcoholism: studies from the Oklahoma family health patterns project. | Glahn DC et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Substance use disorder (SUD) morbidity versus number of parents with SUD. | Westermeyer J et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| The role of conduct disorder in explaining the comorbidity between alcohol and illicit drug dependence in adolescence. | Button TM et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| The use of genetic epidemiology to guide classification in child and adult psychopathology. | Szatmari P et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| A dopamine transporter gene functional variant associated with cocaine abuse in a Brazilian sample. | Guindalini C et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| A multiwave multi-informant study of the specificity of the association between parental and offspring psychiatric disorders. | Johnson JG et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Application of item response theory to quantify substance use disorder severity. | Kirisci L et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Ascertainment adjustment in genetic studies of ordinal traits. | Feng R et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Association of GABRA2 with drug dependence in the collaborative study of the genetics of alcoholism sample. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Assortative mating for cigarette smoking and for alcohol consumption in female Australian twins and their spouses. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| BEHAVIORAL GENETICS: THE SCIENCE OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR. | Baker LA et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Blunted hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis responsivity to stress in persons with a family history of alcoholism. | Sorocco KH et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Challenges in genetic studies of the etiology of substance use and substance use disorders: introduction to the special issue. | Prescott CA et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Commentary: understanding pathways to cannabis use and from use to harm. | Macleod J et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Comorbidity between alcohol dependence and illicit drug dependence in adolescents with antisocial behavior and matched controls. | Rhee SH et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Different lengths of times for progressions in adolescent substance involvement. | Ridenour TA et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Family based association analysis of statistically derived quantitative traits for drug use in ADHD and the dopamine transporter gene. | Lasky-Su J et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities underlying adolescent substance use and problem use: general or specific? | Young SE et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Genetics and alcoholism: how close are we to potential clinical applications? | Quickfall J et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Illicit psychoactive substance use, abuse and dependence in a population-based sample of Norwegian twins. | Kendler KS et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Increased vulnerability to nicotine self-administration and relapse in alcohol-naive offspring of rats selectively bred for high alcohol intake. | Lê AD et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Is there heterogeneity among syndromes of substance use disorder for illicit drugs? | Beseler C et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Linking substance use and problem behavior across three generations. | Bailey JA et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| New findings on the genetic influences on alcohol use and dependence. | Higuchi S et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Perspectives on current directions in the neurobiology of addiction disorders relevant to genetic risk factors. | Hurd YL | — | 2006 | → |
| Pooled association genome scanning for alcohol dependence using 104,268 SNPs: validation and use to identify alcoholism vulnerability loci in unrelated individuals from the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism. | Johnson C et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Prevalence and profile of methamphetamine users in adolescents at a juvenile classification home. | Miura H et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Psychiatric comorbidity and progression in drug use in adult male twins: implications for the design of genetic association studies. | Todorov AA et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Substance use and other psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives of opioid-dependent males: a case-controlled study from India. | Prasant MP et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Symbiotic relationship of pharmacogenetics and drugs of abuse. | Rutter JL | — | 2006 | → |
| The genetic epidemiology of cannabis use, abuse and dependence. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Working memory and decision-making biases in young adults with a family history of alcoholism: studies from the Oklahoma family health patterns project. | Lovallo WR et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Addiction: a disease of learning and memory. | Hyman SE | — | 2005 | → |
| A functional glutathione S-transferase P1 gene polymorphism is associated with methamphetamine-induced psychosis in Japanese population. | Hashimoto T et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Association study between brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphisms and methamphetamine abusers in Japan. | Itoh K et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Association study of dopamine D2 and D3 receptor gene polymorphisms with cocaine dependence. | Messas G et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Caffeine dependence in combination with a family history of alcoholism as a predictor of continued use of caffeine during pregnancy. | Svikis DS et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Childhood risk categories for adolescent substance involvement: a general liability typology. | Clark DB et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Conceptual framework for the etiology of alcoholism: a "kindling"/stress hypothesis. | Breese GR et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Developments in the epidemiology of drug use and drug use disorders. | Compton WM et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Factors associated with the transition from abuse to dependence among substance abusers: implications for a measure of addictive liability. | Ridenour TA et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Genetic determinants of addiction to opioids and cocaine. | Saxon AJ et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Genetic influences in emotional dysfunction and alcoholism-related brain damage. | Oscar-Berman M et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Genetic variation in heroin-induced changes in behaviour: effects of B6 strain dose on conditioned reward and locomotor sensitization in 129-B6 hybrid mice. | Szumlinski KK et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Genomewide linkage scan for cocaine dependence and related traits: significant linkages for a cocaine-related trait and cocaine-induced paranoia. | Gelernter J et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| High risk adolescent and young adult populations: consumption and consequences. | Molina BS | — | 2005 | → |
| Individual differences in drug dependence in rats: the role of genetic factors and life events. | Ellenbroek BA et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Novel exonic mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphisms not associated with opioid dependence. | Smith RJ et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Pharmacogenetics and human molecular genetics of opiate and cocaine addictions and their treatments. | Kreek MJ et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Pooled association genome scanning: validation and use to identify addiction vulnerability loci in two samples. | Liu QR et al. | — | 2005 | → |
| Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the substance use disorders: the nature of the relationship, subtypes at risk, and treatment issues. | Wilens TE | — | 2004 | → |
| Cannabis and other illicit drugs: comorbid use and abuse/dependence in males and females. | Agrawal A et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Genes associated with addiction: alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addiction. | Kreek MJ et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Moderating effects of major depression on patterns of comorbidity in patients with panic disorder. | Biederman J et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| No association is found between the candidate genes of t-PA/plasminogen system and Japanese methamphetamine-related disorder: a collaborative study by the Japanese Genetics Initiative for Drug Abuse. | Iwata N et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Psychiatric disorders and stages of smoking. | Breslau N et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Relation between cognitive distortions and neurobehavior disinhibition on the development of substance use during adolescence and substance use disorder by young adulthood: a prospective study. | Kirisci L et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Role of the dopamine transporter in the differential cocaine-induced locomotor activation of inbred long-sleep and short-sleep mice. | Hanania T et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| The effect of parental alcohol and drug disorders on adolescent personality. | Elkins IJ et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Therapist rotation--a new element in the outpatient treatment of alcoholism. | Krampe H et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| The role of family history in addiction severity and treatment response. | Coviello DM et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| [The role of genetics in alcohol dependence]. | Messas GP et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| The validity of the Neale and Kendler model-fitting approach in examining the etiology of comorbidity. | Rhee SH et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Toward a syndrome model of addiction: multiple expressions, common etiology. | Shaffer HJ et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| Use of caffeine-based products and tobacco in relation to the consumption of alcohol. An examination of putative relationships in a group of alcoholics in Israel. | Amit Z et al. | — | 2004 | → |
| A genetic association study of the mu opioid receptor and severe opioid dependence. | Crowley JJ et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| A genome-wide search for quantitative trait loci influencing substance dependence vulnerability in adolescence. | Stallings MC et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Alcohol expectancies, alcohol consumption, and problem drinking: the moderating role of family history. | Conway KP et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Childhood and adolescent predictors of major depression in the transition to adulthood. | Reinherz HZ et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| EEG low-voltage alpha and alpha power in African American young adults: relation to family history of alcoholism. | Ehlers CL et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Effects of gender and level of parental involvement among parents in drug treatment. | Collins CC et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Factors associated with heroin addiction among male adults in Lahore, Pakistan. | Emmanuel F et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Family transmission of marijuana use, abuse, and dependence. | Hopfer CJ et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Gender-specific contribution of the GABA(A) subunit genes on 5q33 in methamphetamine use disorder. | Lin SK et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Liability to substance use disorders: 1. Common mechanisms and manifestations. | Vanyukov MM et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Liability to substance use disorders: 2. A measurement approach. | Vanyukov MM et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Nine- or fewer repeat alleles in VNTR polymorphism of the dopamine transporter gene is a strong risk factor for prolonged methamphetamine psychosis. | Ujike H et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Pharmacogenomics of alcohol response and addiction. | Enoch MA | — | 2003 | → |
| Reverse selection for differential response to the locomotor stimulant effects of ethanol provides evidence for pleiotropic genetic influence on locomotor response to other drugs of abuse. | Bergstrom HC et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for use and abuse/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates in male twins. | Kendler KS et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| The genetic determinants of smoking. | Batra V et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| The validity of analyses testing the etiology of comorbidity between two disorders: a review of family studies. | Rhee SH et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| The validity of analyses testing the etiology of comorbidity between two disorders: comparisons of disorder prevalences in families. | Rhee SH et al. | — | 2003 | → |
| A family study of the high-risk children of opioid- and alcohol-dependent parents. | Wilens TE et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| A functional polymorphism within the mu-opioid receptor gene and risk for abuse of alcohol and other substances. | Schinka JA et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Analysis of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) promoter polymorphism in Finnish male alcoholics. | Saito T et al. | — | 2002 | → |
| Are personality traits familial risk factors for substance use disorders? Results of a controlled family study. | Swendsen JD et al. | — | 2002 | → |
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