Ethanol enhances alpha 4 beta 3 delta and alpha 6 beta 3 delta gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors at low concentrations known to affect humans.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Wallner, M; Hanchar, H J; Olsen, R W
- Year
- 2003
- Journal
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- PMID
- 14625373
- DOI
- 10.1073/pnas.2435171100
- PMCID
- PMC299963
gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABARs) have long been implicated in mediating ethanol (EtOH) actions, but so far most of the reported recombinant GABAR combinations have shown EtOH responses only at fairly high concentrations (> or = 60 mM). We show that GABARs containing the delta-subunit, which are highly sensitive to gamma-aminobutyric acid, slowly inactivating, and thought to be located outside of synapses, are enhanced by EtOH at concentrations that are reached with moderate, social EtOH consumption. Reproducible ethanol enhancements occur at 3 mM, a concentration six times lower than the legal blood-alcohol intoxication (driving) limit in most states (0.08% wt/vol or 17.4 mM). GABARs responsive to these low EtOH concentrations require the GABAR delta-subunit, which is thought to be associated exclusively with alpha 4- and alpha 6-subunits in vivo, and the beta 3-subunit, which has recently been shown to be essential for the in vivo anesthetic actions of etomidate and propofol. GABARs containing beta 2-instead of beta 3-subunits in alpha 4 beta delta- and alpha 6 beta delta-receptor combinations are almost 10 times less sensitive to EtOH, with threshold enhancement at 30 mM. GABARs containing gamma 2-instead of delta-subunits with alpha 4 beta and alpha 6 beta are three times less sensitive to EtOH, with threshold responses at 100 mM, a concentration not usually reached with social EtOH consumption. These combined findings suggest that "extrasynaptic" delta-subunit-containing GABARs, but not their "synaptic" gamma-subunit-containing counterparts, are primary targets for EtOH.
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| Agonist function of the recombinant alpha 4 beta 3 delta GABAA receptor is dependent on the human and rat variants of the alpha 4-subunit. | Wang MD et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol- and alcohol antagonist-sensitive human GABAA receptors: tracking Ξ΄ subunit incorporation into functional receptors. | Meera P et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alcohol in essential tremor and other movement disorders. | Mostile G et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Anesthetic sensitivity of the Gloeobacter violaceus proton-gated ion channel. | Weng Y et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Barbiturates require the N terminus and first transmembrane domain of the delta subunit for enhancement of alpha1beta3delta GABAA receptor currents. | Feng HJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Dihydropyrimidinone positive modulation of delta-subunit-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, including an epilepsy-linked mutant variant. | Lewis RW et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Diversity of structure and function of alpha1alpha6beta3delta GABAA receptors: comparison with alpha1beta3delta and alpha6beta3delta receptors. | Baur R et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Ethanol action on dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area: interaction with intrinsic ion channels and neurotransmitter inputs. | Morikawa H et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Insights into the structure and pharmacology of GABA(A) receptors. | Carter CR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Molecular targets and mechanisms for ethanol action in glycine receptors. | Perkins DI et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neurochemicals for the investigation of GABA(C) receptors. | Johnston GA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Presynaptic targets for acute ethanol sensitivity. | Barclay JW et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Protein kinase C phosphorylation regulates membrane insertion of GABAA receptor subtypes that mediate tonic inhibition. | Abramian AM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Regulation of GABA(A) receptor subunit expression by pharmacological agents. | Uusi-Oukari M et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Stoichiometry of expressed alpha(4)beta(2)delta gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors depends on the ratio of subunit cDNA transfected. | Wagoner KR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Systemic administration of arecoline reduces ethanol-induced sleeping through activation of central muscarinic receptor in mice. | Sun YP et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The sticky issue of neurosteroids and GABA(A) receptors. | Chisari M et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Trace and contextual fear conditioning is enhanced in mice lacking the alpha4 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor. | Moore MD et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Acute alcohol action and desensitization of ligand-gated ion channels. | Dopico AM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Alcoholism: a systems approach from molecular physiology to addictive behavior. | Spanagel R | β | 2009 | β |
| Alpha4-containing GABAA receptors in the nucleus accumbens mediate moderate intake of alcohol. | Rewal M et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Altering the relative abundance of GABA A receptor subunits changes GABA- and ethanol-responses in Xenopus oocytes. | Hurley JH et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Attenuation of the stimulant response to ethanol is associated with enhanced ataxia for a GABA, but not a GABA, receptor agonist. | Holstein SE et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Dissociating anxiolytic and sedative effects of GABAAergic drugs using temperature and locomotor responses to acute stress. | Vinkers CH et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Effects of neonatal and peripubertal ethanol treatment on various aspects of adult rat behavior and brain anatomy. | RΓΆskam S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Enhanced tonic GABA current in normotopic and hilar ectopic dentate granule cells after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. | Zhan RZ et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Ethanol modulates mammalian circadian clock phase resetting through extrasynaptic GABA receptor activation. | McElroy B et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Etomidate, propofol and the neurosteroid THDOC increase the GABA efficacy of recombinant alpha4beta3delta and alpha4beta3 GABA A receptors expressed in HEK cells. | Meera P et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors: form, pharmacology, and function. | Belelli D et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Function and modulation of delta-containing GABA(A) receptors. | Zheleznova NN et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| GABA(A) receptors of cerebellar granule cells in culture: explanation of overall insensitivity to ethanol. | Gatta E et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| GABA A receptors: subtypes provide diversity of function and pharmacology. | Olsen RW et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Loop 2 structure in glycine and GABA(A) receptors plays a key role in determining ethanol sensitivity. | Perkins DI et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| N-methyl pyrrolidone as a potent bone morphogenetic protein enhancer for bone tissue regeneration. | Miguel BS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Novel compounds selectively enhance delta subunit containing GABA A receptors and increase tonic currents in thalamus. | Wafford KA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Plasticity of the alpha4betadelta GABAA receptor. | Shen H et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Puberty, steroids and GABA(A) receptor plasticity. | Smith SS et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Role of GABAA receptors in cognition. | MΓΆhler H | β | 2009 | β |
| Role of GABAA receptors in the physiology and pharmacology of sleep. | Winsky-Sommerer R | β | 2009 | β |
| Slow intracellular accumulation of GABA(A) receptor delta subunit is modulated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. | Joshi S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Structure of alpha6 beta3 delta GABA(A) receptors and their lack of ethanol sensitivity. | Baur R et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The complexity of the GABAA receptor shapes unique pharmacological profiles. | D'Hulst C et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on presynaptic and postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons. | Fleming RL et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| The role of GABA(A) receptors in the acute and chronic effects of ethanol: a decade of progress. | Kumar S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Tolerance to sedative/hypnotic actions of GABAergic drugs correlates with tolerance to potentiation of extrasynaptic tonic currents of alcohol-dependent rats. | Liang J et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Unanticipated structural and functional properties of delta-subunit-containing GABAA receptors. | Kaur KH et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| alpha1beta2delta, a silent GABAA receptor: recruitment by tracazolate and neurosteroids. | Zheleznova N et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Brain regional differences in the effect of ethanol on GABA release from presynaptic terminals. | Criswell HE et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Changes in neuroactive steroid content during social isolation stress modulate GABAA receptor plasticity and function. | Serra M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Chronic intake of fermented floral nectar by wild treeshrews. | Wiens F et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Comments on "Ethanol sensitivity of GABAergic currents in cerebellar granule neurons is not increased by a single amino acid change (R100Q) in the alpha6 GABA(A) receptor subunit". | Otis TS | β | 2008 | β |
| Distinct mechanisms of ethanol potentiation of local and paracapsular GABAergic synapses in the rat basolateral amygdala. | Silberman Y et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Effect of dried bonito (katsuobushi) and some of its components on GABAA receptors. | Mitou M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Enhanced behavioral sensitivity to the competitive GABA agonist, gaboxadol, in transgenic mice over-expressing hippocampal extrasynaptic alpha6beta GABA(A) receptors. | Saarelainen KS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Ethanol modulates BKCa channels by acting as an adjuvant of calcium. | Liu J et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Ethanol modulates synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the thalamus. | Jia F et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Ethanol selectively attenuates NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex. | Weitlauf C et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Ethanol's molecular targets. | Harris RA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the crosshairs of hormones and ethanol. | Mody I | β | 2008 | β |
| Functional consequences of GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunit deletion on synaptic and extrasynaptic currents in mouse dentate granule cells. | Liang J et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| GABA(A) receptors and alcohol. | Lobo IA et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| International Union of Pharmacology. LXX. Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function. Update. | Olsen RW et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Molecular mechanisms supporting a paracrine role of GABA in rat adrenal medullary cells. | Matsuoka H et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Neuropharmacology of alcohol addiction. | Vengeliene V et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Normal acute behavioral responses to moderate/high dose ethanol in GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunit knockout mice. | Chandra D et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Perinatal alcohol exposure leads to prolonged upregulation of hypothalamic GABA A receptors and increases behavioral sensitivity to gaboxadol. | Volgin DV | β | 2008 | β |
| Physiology and pharmacology of alcohol: the imidazobenzodiazepine alcohol antagonist site on subtypes of GABAA receptors as an opportunity for drug development? | Wallner M et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Protein kinase Cdelta regulates ethanol intoxication and enhancement of GABA-stimulated tonic current. | Choi DS et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Regulation of excitability by extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors. | Walker MC et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Regulation of excitation by glycine receptors. | Ye JH | β | 2008 | β |
| Taurine is a potent activator of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors in the thalamus. | Jia F et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The expression of GABAA beta subunit isoforms in synaptic and extrasynaptic receptor populations of mouse dentate gyrus granule cells. | Herd MB et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The subunit arrangement and assembly of ionotropic receptors. | Barrera NP et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Activation of GABAA receptors: views from outside the synaptic cleft. | Glykys J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| A new meaning for "Gin & Tonic": tonic inhibition as the target for ethanol action in the brain. | Mody I et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| A new naturally occurring GABA(A) receptor subunit partnership with high sensitivity to ethanol. | Glykys J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Antiglutamatergic strategies for ethanol detoxification: comparison with placebo and diazepam. | Krupitsky EM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Beta-subunits are important modulators of the acute response to alcohol in human BK channels. | Feinberg-Zadek PL et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Blockade of alcohol's amnestic activity in humans by an alpha5 subtype benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist. | Nutt DJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| C-terminal modification is required for GABARAP-mediated GABA(A) receptor trafficking. | Chen ZW et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Does ethanol act preferentially via selected brain GABAA receptor subtypes? the current evidence is ambiguous. | Korpi ER et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Effect of chronic administration of ethanol on the regulation of the delta-subunit of GABA(A) receptors in the rat brain. | Marutha Ravindran CR et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Effects of ethanol on midbrain neurons: role of opioid receptors. | Xiao C et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Enhanced macroscopic desensitization shapes the response of alpha4 subtype-containing GABAA receptors to synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA. | Lagrange AH et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Estrous cycle-dependent changes in basal and ethanol-induced activity of cortical dopaminergic neurons in the rat. | Dazzi L et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Ethanol acts directly on extrasynaptic subtypes of GABAA receptors to increase tonic inhibition. | Santhakumar V et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Ethanol effects on GABA-gated current in a model of increased alpha4betadelta GABAA receptor expression depend on time course and preexposure to low concentrations of the drug. | Smith SS et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Ethanol modulates the interaction of the endogenous neurosteroid allopregnanolone with the alpha1beta2gamma2L GABAA receptor. | Akk G et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Ethanol sensitivity of GABAergic currents in cerebellar granule neurons is not increased by a single amino acid change (R100Q) in the alpha6 GABAA receptor subunit. | Botta P et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| GABAA receptors in the thalamus: alpha4 subunit expression and alcohol sensitivity. | Jia F et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| GABAA receptors: properties and trafficking. | Michels G et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| GABA(A) receptors: structure and function in the basal ganglia. | Goetz T et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| GABAA receptor subtypes: the "one glass of wine" receptors. | Olsen RW et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| GABAergic neurosteroids mediate the effects of ethanol on long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. | Izumi Y et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| KCC2-deficient mice show reduced sensitivity to diazepam, but normal alcohol-induced motor impairment, gaboxadol-induced sedation, and neurosteroid-induced hypnosis. | Tornberg J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Long-term ethanol self-administration by the nonhuman primate, Macaca fascicularis, decreases the benzodiazepine sensitivity of amygdala GABA(A) receptors. | Anderson NJ et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Low concentrations of ethanol do not affect radioligand binding to the delta-subunit-containing GABAA receptors in the rat brain. | Mehta AK et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Magnitude and ethanol sensitivity of tonic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition in dentate gyrus changes from adolescence to adulthood. | Fleming RL et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Mechanisms of neurosteroid interactions with GABA(A) receptors. | Akk G et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Mechanisms of reversible GABAA receptor plasticity after ethanol intoxication. | Liang J et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Modulation of GABAA receptors in cerebellar granule neurons by ethanol: a review of genetic and electrophysiological studies. | Botta P et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Neurosteroid regulation of GABA(A) receptors: Focus on the alpha4 and delta subunits. | Smith SS et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| New insight into the role of the beta3 subunit of the GABAA-R in development, behavior, body weight regulation, and anesthesia revealed by conditional gene knockout. | Ferguson C et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Only high concentrations of ethanol affect GABAA receptors of rat cerebellum granule cells in culture. | Casagrande S et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Protein kinase C epsilon regulates gamma-aminobutyrate type A receptor sensitivity to ethanol and benzodiazepines through phosphorylation of gamma2 subunits. | Qi ZH et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Rat alpha6beta2delta GABAA receptors exhibit two distinct and separable agonist affinities. | Hadley SH et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Sex differences in the effect of finasteride on acute ethanol withdrawal severity in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. | Gorin-Meyer RE et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Stress, ethanol, and neuroactive steroids. | Biggio G et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Studies of ethanol actions on recombinant delta-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors yield contradictory results. | Borghese CM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Tonic for what ails us? high-affinity GABAA receptors and alcohol. | Lovinger DM et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Alcohol alternatives--a goal for psychopharmacology? | Ragan CI | β | 2006 | β |
| Alcohol-sensitive GABA receptors and alcohol antagonists. | Paul SM | β | 2006 | β |
| Basis of the gabamimetic profile of ethanol. | Breese GR et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Changes in expression of the delta subunit of the GABA (A) receptor and in receptor function induced by progesterone exposure and withdrawal. | Mostallino MC et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Chronic intermittent ethanol-induced switch of ethanol actions from extrasynaptic to synaptic hippocampal GABAA receptors. | Liang J et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Contributions of the GABAA receptor alpha6 subunit to phasic and tonic inhibition revealed by a naturally occurring polymorphism in the alpha6 gene. | Santhakumar V et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| delta-Subunit containing GABAA receptor knockout mice are less sensitive to the actions of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo-[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol. | Boehm SL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Delta subunit susceptibility variants E177A and R220H associated with complex epilepsy alter channel gating and surface expression of alpha4beta2delta GABAA receptors. | Feng HJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Developmental differences in the sensitivity of spontaneous and miniature IPSCs to ethanol. | Li Q et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Distinct functional characteristics of the lateral/basolateral amygdala GABAergic system in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. | DuBois DW et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Effects of ethanol on tonic GABA currents in cerebellar granule cells and mammalian cells recombinantly expressing GABA(A) receptors. | Yamashita M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Ethanol modulation of GABAergic transmission: the view from the slice. | Weiner JL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Ethanol potentiates GABAergic synaptic transmission in a postsynaptic neuron/synaptic bouton preparation from basolateral amygdala. | Zhu PJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Ethanol potently and competitively inhibits binding of the alcohol antagonist Ro15-4513 to alpha4/6beta3delta GABAA receptors. | Hanchar HJ et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| GABAA receptor alpha 4 subunits mediate extrasynaptic inhibition in thalamus and dentate gyrus and the action of gaboxadol. | Chandra D et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| GABA(A) receptor diversity and pharmacology. | MΓΆhler H | β | 2006 | β |
| GABA(A) receptor subtypes as targets for neuropsychiatric drug development. | Korpi ER et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Hippocampal network hyperactivity after selective reduction of tonic inhibition in GABA A receptor alpha5 subunit-deficient mice. | Glykys J et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Knockin mice with ethanol-insensitive alpha1-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors display selective alterations in behavioral responses to ethanol. | Werner DF et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Lifelong ethanol consumption and brain regional GABAA receptor subunit mRNA expression in alcohol-preferring rats. | Sarviharju M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Low dose acute alcohol effects on GABA A receptor subtypes. | Wallner M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Low-dose alcohol actions on alpha4beta3delta GABAA receptors are reversed by the behavioral alcohol antagonist Ro15-4513. | Wallner M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Modulation of ionotropic GABA receptors by natural products of plant origin. | Johnston GA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Neurosteroids, GABAA receptors, and ethanol dependence. | Follesa P et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Pharmacological characterization of agonists at delta-containing GABAA receptors: Functional selectivity for extrasynaptic receptors is dependent on the absence of gamma2. | StΓ³rustovu SI et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Social isolation-induced increase in alpha and delta subunit gene expression is associated with a greater efficacy of ethanol on steroidogenesis and GABA receptor function. | Serra M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Structure, pharmacology, and function of GABAA receptor subtypes. | Sieghart W | β | 2006 | β |
| Subunit selectivity of topiramate modulation of heteromeric GABA(A) receptors. | Simeone TA et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Synaptic GABAergic and glutamatergic mechanisms underlying alcohol sensitivity in mouse hippocampal neurons. | Proctor WR et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| The delta subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors does not confer sensitivity to low concentrations of ethanol. | Borghese CM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| [The GABA(A) receptor family: possibilities for the development of better anesthetics]. | Drexler B et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Tiagabine for posttraumatic stress disorder: effects of open-label and double-blind discontinuation treatment. | Connor KM et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of GABA(A) receptor alpha1, beta2 and gamma2 subunits following chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure of cultured cortical neurons of mice. | Ravindran CR et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| A conceptualization of integrated actions of ethanol contributing to its GABAmimetic profile: a commentary. | Criswell HE et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Acute effects of ethanol on hippocampal long-term potentiation and long-term depression are mediated by different mechanisms. | Izumi Y et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Alcohol-induced motor impairment caused by increased extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptor activity. | Hanchar HJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Alternative splicing and promoter use in the human GABRA2 gene. | Tian H et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Aspects of the homeostaic plasticity of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibition. | Mody I | β | 2005 | β |
| A woman's prerogative. | Staley K et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Behavioral sensitization to ethanol is modulated by environmental conditions, but is not associated with cross-sensitization to allopregnanolone or pentobarbital in DBA/2J mice. | Meyer PJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Beta3-containing gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors are not major targets for the amnesic and immobilizing actions of isoflurane. | Liao M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclases are critical modulators of neuronal ethanol sensitivity. | Maas JW et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclases modulate ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the neonatal brain. | Maas JW et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Distinct patterns of expression and regulation of GABA receptors containing the delta subunit in cerebellar granule and hippocampal neurons. | Follesa P et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Effects of alcohol on spontaneous neuronal oscillations: a combined magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography study. | Nikulin VV et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Extrasynaptic GABAA receptors of thalamocortical neurons: a molecular target for hypnotics. | Belelli D et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Functional and structural analysis of the GABAA receptor alpha 1 subunit during channel gating and alcohol modulation. | Jung S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| GABAA receptor-mediated tonic inhibition in thalamic neurons. | Cope DW et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Laboratory models of alcoholism: treatment target identification and insight into mechanisms. | Lovinger DM et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Nanomolar allopregnanolone potentiates rat cerebellar GABAA receptors. | Fodor L et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Neurosteroid administration and withdrawal alter GABAA receptor kinetics in CA1 hippocampus of female rats. | Smith SS et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Neurosteroids: endogenous regulators of the GABA(A) receptor. | Belelli D et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Ovarian cycle-linked changes in GABA(A) receptors mediating tonic inhibition alter seizure susceptibility and anxiety. | Maguire JL et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Phospho-dependent binding of the clathrin AP2 adaptor complex to GABAA receptors regulates the efficacy of inhibitory synaptic transmission. | Kittler JT et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Plasticity of GABAA receptors in brains of rats treated with chronic intermittent ethanol. | Olsen RW et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The tipsy terminal: presynaptic effects of ethanol. | Siggins GR et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Update on the neurobiology of alcohol withdrawal seizures. | Rogawski MA | β | 2005 | β |
| Variations on an inhibitory theme: phasic and tonic activation of GABA(A) receptors. | Farrant M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Alcohol and inhibitory receptors: unexpected specificity from a nonspecific drug. | Harris RA et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Alcohol effects on gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors: are extrasynaptic receptors the answer? | Hanchar HJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Alcohol enhances GABAergic transmission to cerebellar granule cells via an increase in Golgi cell excitability. | Carta M et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Altered expression of the delta subunit of the GABAA receptor in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. | Peng Z et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Another "tonic" in the realm of epilepsy. | Mody I | β | 2004 | β |
| Deletion of the fyn-kinase gene alters sensitivity to GABAergic drugs: dependence on beta2/beta3 GABAA receptor subunits. | Boehm SL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Diversity of inhibitory neurotransmission through GABA(A) receptors. | Mody I et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Effects of a low dose of ethanol in an animal model of premenstrual anxiety. | Smith SS et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Ethanol regulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors: genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. | Kumar S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Ethanol targets: a BK channel cocktail in C. elegans. | Crowder CM | β | 2004 | β |
| Expression of distinct alpha subunits of GABAA receptor regulates inhibitory synaptic strength. | Ortinski PI et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Fishing for allosteric sites on GABA(A) receptors. | Olsen RW et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| GABA(A) agonists and partial agonists: THIP (Gaboxadol) as a non-opioid analgesic and a novel type of hypnotic. | Krogsgaard-Larsen P et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| gamma-Aminobutyric acid A receptor subunit mutant mice: new perspectives on alcohol actions. | Boehm SL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Genetic manipulations of GABAA receptor in mice make inhibition exciting. | Vicini S et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| High-frequency stimulation induces ethanol-sensitive long-term potentiation at glutamatergic synapses in the dorsolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. | Weitlauf C et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Low ethanol concentrations selectively augment the tonic inhibition mediated by delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons. | Wei W et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Molecular and neuronal substrates for general anaesthetics. | Rudolph U et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Multiple actions of propofol on alphabetagamma and alphabetadelta GABAA receptors. | Feng HJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Pentobarbital differentially modulates alpha1beta3delta and alpha1beta3gamma2L GABAA receptor currents. | Feng HJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Piracetam and TRH analogues antagonise inhibition by barbiturates, diazepam, melatonin and galanin of human erythrocyte D-glucose transport. | Naftalin RJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Proton modulation of alpha 1 beta 3 delta GABAA receptor channel gating and desensitization. | Feng HJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Specific GABA(A) circuits in brain development and therapy. | MΓΆhler H et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Tonic inhibition in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is mediated by alpha5 subunit-containing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. | Caraiscos VB et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Transcriptional regulation of the mouse gene encoding the alpha-4 subunit of the GABAA receptor. | Ma L et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Neuroactive steroids reduce neuronal excitability by selectively enhancing tonic inhibition mediated by delta subunit-containing GABAA receptors. | Stell BM et al. | β | 2003 | β |