Opioid pharmacogenetics of alcohol addiction.
- Authors
- Berrettini, Wade
- Year
- 2013
- Journal
- Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
- PMID
- 23729643
- DOI
- 10.1101/cshperspect.a012203
- PMCID
- PMC3685876
Alcohol addiction is one of the most common and devastating diseases in the world. Given the tremendous heterogeneity of alcohol-addicted individuals, it is unlikely that one medication will help nearly all patients. Thus, there is a clear need to develop predictors of response to existing medications. Naltrexone is a ΞΌ-opioid receptor antagonist, which has been approved in the United States for treatment of alcohol addiction since 1994. It has limited efficacy, in part because of noncompliance, but many patients do not respond despite high levels of compliance. There are reports that a missense single nucleotide polymorphism (rs179919 or A118G) in the ΞΌ-opioid receptor gene predicts a favorable response to naltrexone if an individual carries a "G" allele. This work will review the evidence for this hypothesis. The data are promising that the "G" allele predisposes to a beneficial naltrexone response among alcohol-addicted persons, but additional research is needed to prove this hypothesis in prospective clinical trials.
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| Cannabidiol mitigates alcohol dependence and withdrawal with neuroprotective effects in the basolateral amygdala and striatum. | Dirik S et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Catechol-O-Methyltransferase inhibition and alcohol use disorder: Evaluating the efficacy of tolcapone in ethanol-dependent rats. | Doyle MR et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The Role of Physical Exercise in Opioid Substitution Therapy: Mechanisms of Sequential Effects. | Psarianos A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Differential sensitivity of human neurons carrying ΞΌ opioid receptor (MOR) N40D variants in response to ethanol. | Scarnati MS et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Using human stem cells as a model system to understand the neural mechanisms of alcohol use disorders: Current status and outlook. | Scarnati MS et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Rat animal models for screening medications to treat alcohol use disorders. | Bell RL et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| 11Ξ²-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibition as a new potential therapeutic target for alcohol abuse. | Sanna PP et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Impact of physical exercise on substance use disorders: a meta-analysis. | Wang D et al. | β | 2014 | β |