Fusion of Regionally Specified hPSC-Derived Organoids Models Human Brain Development and Interneuron Migration.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Xiang, Yangfei; Tanaka, Yoshiaki; Patterson, Benjamin; Kang, Young-Jin; Govindaiah, Gubbi; Roselaar, Naomi; Cakir, Bilal; Kim, Kun-Yong; Lombroso, Adam P; Hwang, Sung-Min; Zhong, Mei; Stanley, Edouard G; Elefanty, Andrew G; Naegele, Janice R; Lee, Sang-Hun; Weissman, Sherman M; Park, In-Hyun
Year: 2017
Journal: Cell stem cell
PMID: 28757360
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.07.007
PMCID: PMC5720381

Figure 1

Generation of hMGEOs and hCOs(A) Schematic view of the methods for generating hMGEOs and hCOs from hPSCs.(B) Induction of NKX2-1-GFP in hMGEO and hCO culture systems at different developmentalstages. Scale bar, 125 μm.(C-E) Immunostaining and quantification of GFP, FOXG1, and PAX6 in dissociated culture ofhMGEOs and hCOs (day 21). Mean ± SD for hMGEOs (n=10) and hCOs (n=9) are shown. Scalebar, 25 μm.(F) Typical interior cellular organization of hMGEOs (3 week old) and hCOs (4 week old). Scale bar,20 μm.(G) Morphology and size of hMGEOs and hCOs after 30 days and 70 days of culture. Scale bar, 4mm.See also Figure S1.

Figure 2

hMGEOs Recapitulate Human MGE Development(A-C) Immunostaining for SOX2 and GFP reveals the diminishment of VZ-like area in hMGEOs in a long-term culture. Scale bar, 50 μm.(D) Thickness quantification of VZ-like area in hMGEOs after 22 (n=21), 44 (n=32), and 71 (n=19) days of culture. The maximum diameter of each VZ-like area (indicated with arrows in the schematic diagram on the right) was used for quantification. Mean ± SD are shown for each stage. ***, P<0.001.(E and F) Immunostaining for GFP, SOX2, and DLX2 of day 22 (E) and day 71 (F) hMGEOs sections. Scale bar, 25 μm.(G) Immunostaining for vGAT and GABA in 80 day old organoid section. Scale bar, 25 μm.(H) Schematic illustrating the modification of hMGEO protocol to test effect of various SHH doses on dorsal-ventral patterning.(I) Quantitative RT-qPCR analysis of NKX2-1 and SST expression. Mean ± SD are shown for each condition (n=4). **, P<0.01; *, P<0.05.(J) Immunostaining for SST in 46 day old hMGEO sections. Scale bar, 25 μm.(K-M) Representative images showing migrating streaks interior of 75 day old hMGEOs. The migration directions are indicated with arrows. Immunostaining was performed for SOX2, NRP1, CXCR4, and GFP. Scale bar, 50 μm in K, 25 μm in L and M.See also Figure S1.

Figure 3

hCOs Recapitulate Human Dorsal Cortical Organization(A) Immunostaining for SOX2 and N-Cadherin in hCO section (40 day old). Arrows show potential oRGs outside of VZ-like area. Scale bar, 50 μm.(B and C) Immunostaining for SOX2, PAX6, Tuj1, and NeuN in hCO sections (40 day old). Arrows show potential oRGs outside of VZ-like areas. Scale bar, 50 μm.(D) GFAP staining in hCO section (40 day old). Arrow head: glial fibers; white arrow: vertically located RG cell; yellow arrow: horizontally located RG cell. Scale bar, 20 μm.(E) Quantification of position angle of RGs located at the lumen surface. Mean ± SD are plotted (n=4 VZ-like area from 4 of 40 day old hCOs).(F) Immunostaining for phospho-histone H3 in hCOs section (4 week old). Scale bar, 50 μm.(G) Representative images of vertical, oblique, and horizontal cleavage of dividing RGs in VZ-like area of 4 week old hCOs section (left). Mean ± SD are plotted for each category (n=42 cells). Scale bar, 10 μm.(H-J) Immunostaining for SOX2, GFAP, PAX6, TBR2, and FAM107A in hCO section (56 to 64 day old). Scale bar, 50 μm.(K) Immunostaining for Reelin in hCO section (64 day old). Scale bar, 25 μm.(L) Separation of deep layer CTIP2+ neurons and upper layer SATB2+ neurons in hCOs section. Scale bar, 50 μm.(M and N) Immunostaining for GFAP, NeuN, and MAP2 in hCO sections (105 day old). Scale bar, 25 μm.

Figure 4

Transcriptome and Chromatin Accessibility during hMGEOs and hCOs Development(A) Enrichment of tissue-specific genes. Enrichment and depletion are scaled by –log10(FDR) andshown in yellow and blue colors, respectively.(B) Differentially-expressed genes during organoid development. Representative genes and GOterms (FDR<0.05) are shown in right panel.(C) Expression profile of key genes related to MGE and cortical development.(D) GSEA of gene signatures for in vivo embryonic brain region. Enrichment of gene signatures (-log10(FDR) in hCO and hMGEO is shown in blue and green, respectively.(E) Relationship between gene expression change and chromatin architecture during organoiddevelopment. Genes are sorted by log2(ratio) and the presence of dOCRs is shown by colors.(F) GO enrichment of target genes of dOCRs. –log10(FDR) is colored in red.(G) ATAC-seq read distribution around TSS of in vivo MGE and cortex-specific gene signatures.See also Figure S2.

Figure 5

scRNA-seq Analysis of hMGEOs and hCOs(A) Strategy for scRNA-seq with Chromium System.(B-C) tSNE plot of single cells distinguished by (B) organoids and (C) annotation of clusters.(D) Expression patterns of markers for different cell types produced in hMGEOs and hCOs.(E) Percentage of cells from hMGEOs and hCOs in all clusters.(F) Differential expression of NKX2-1 between hMGEO- and hCO-derived interneurons. Average read count is normalized to that of hMGEO-derived interneurons.(G) Comparison of transcriptome between hMGEO- and hCO-derived interneurons. Genes with -log10(p-value) >= 100 are shown in violet (hMGEO) and blue (hCO).(H) Ratio of cells clustered into each annotation.(I) Immunostaining and quantification for OLIG1 in 81 day old sections of hMGEOs and hCOs. Mean ± SD are plotted for each condition. Sections from 8 hMGEOs and 9 hCOs were used for quantification.(J) Co-expression network of transcriptional and epigenetic regulators. Edge size represents Pearson correlation coefficient. Node size represents the number of connections. Examples of edge and node sizes are also shown in box.See also Figure S3 and S4.

Figure 6

Efficient Functional Maturation of hMGEOs(A) Schematic view of the methods for calcium imaging of intact hMGEOs.(B) Representative image showing cells expressing hsyn-GCaMP6s in intact 42 day old hMGEOs. The single cell tracings of calcium transient (region of interest (ROI) indicated on top) are shown, which are blocked by application of TTX (1 μM). Scale bar, 25 μm.(C) Representative image of area-scale calcium imaging in intact 45 day old hMGEOs. The synchronized calcium surges are indicated with arrows. Time is shown in min:sec. Scale bar, 100 μm.(D and E) Calcium imaging of synchronized area (C) at single cell level. ROIs are indicated (D) and tracings of single cell calcium surges are shown (E). Time is shown as min: sec. Scale bar, 25 μm.(F) Synchronization matrix of calcium surges from recorded single neurons in intact 45 day old hMGEOs.(G) Area-scale calcium imaging reveals bicuculline disinhibition enhanced area synchronization of calcium surges in intact hMGEOs (47 day old). Arrows in bicuculline treated group indicate the synchronized calcium surge, while there is no synchronization in the same area before bicuculline treatment. Time is shown as min:sec. Scale bar, 100 μm.(H) Immunostaining for pre-synaptic protein vGAT and post-synaptic protein gephyrin in 47 day old hMGEOs section. Scale bar, 5 μm.(I) Diagram showing slice patch-clamp and identification of the neuronal morphology of the recorded cell by filling with biocytin. Scale bar, 25 μm.(J) Representative voltage traces of current-clamp recordings of a cell in hMGEO slice in response to current steps (-5 pA, +5 pA, and +25 pA from -60 mV, 1 s).(K) Graph depicting the firing frequency of the recorded cells from hMGEOs plotted against injected current (n=7 cells). Mean ± SE are shown.(L) Representative image of APs of a cell in hMGEO slice before and during application of TTX (1 μM).See also Figure S5; Movie S1-S3.

Figure 7

Modeling Human Interneuron Migration using hfMCOs(A) Scheme illustrating the strategy of organoids fusion for modeling human interneuron migration.(B) Images showing hsyn-RFP labeled MGE progenitors (arrows) migrated towards hCO sideduring culture. dpf: days post fusion. Scale bar, 10 μm.(C) 3-D reconstruction of hfMCOs revealed the migration of NKX2-1-GFP+ progenitors in hCO side. Z-stack con-focal imaging was performed near the fusion border. Note that cells have already started to migrate out 3 dpf (arrows). Scale bar, 10 μm.(D and E) Immunostaining for GFP in hfMCOs section 21 dpf confirmed the migration of MGE progenitors. Arrows show migration directions. Scale bar, 40 μm.(F and G) Representative images showing typical forward movement of growth cone (F, arrows) and soma translocation observed for migrating NKX2-1-GFP+ progenitors (G, arrows) at 14 dpf. Yellow box: cytoplasm elongation proceeding nucleokinesis. White box: neurons that migrated out of the focal plane. Scale bar, 10 μm.(H) Representative images showing migration directions of NKX2-1-GFP+ progenitors in hfMCOs without (left) or with 50 μM blebbistatin treatment (right). Yellow arrows: migration directions. Yellow stars: neurons without migration detected. Scale bar, 10 μm.(I-K) Quantification of ratio of migrating neurons (I), migrating speed (J), and ratio of active growth cones (K). Mean ± SD are plotted. **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001.(L) Representative images of random movement of growth cone in the presence of 50 μM blebbistatin. Yellow arrows: movement directions. Scale bar, 5 μm.(M) Representative image showing hsyn-GCaMP6s-expressing interneuron migrated into RFP-labeled hCO in an intact hfMCO at 12 dpf (left), the spontaneous calcium surges (middle), and the quantification (right). Mean ± SD are plotted (n=6, totally 85 cells). Scale bar, 20 μm.(N) Immunostaining for vGAT and GFP in section of hfMCO. Arrow indicates the migration direction. Scale bar, 20 μm.(O) Immunostaining for PSD95 and GFP in section of hfMCO. Arrow indicates the migration direction. Scale bar, 5 μm.See also Figure S6-S7; Movie S4-S6.

#	Section	Preview
80	Figure 7	Modeling Human Interneuron Migration using hfMCOs(A) Scheme illustrating the strategy of organoids…

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A glia-enriched stem cell 3D model of the human brain mimics the glial-immune neurodegenerative phenotypes of multiple sclerosis.	Fagiani F et al.	—	2024	→
A Multi-Electrode Array Platform for Modeling Epilepsy Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Assembloids.	Pan T et al.	—	2024	→
A polarized FGF8 source specifies frontotemporal signatures in spatially oriented cell populations of cortical assembloids.	Bosone C et al.	—	2024	→
Artificial Meshed Vessel-Induced Dimensional Breaking Growth of Human Brain Organoids and Multiregional Assembloids.	Xu L et al.	—	2024	→
A single-nuclei paired multiomic analysis of the human midbrain reveals age- and Parkinson's disease-associated glial changes.	Adams L et al.	—	2024	→
Assembloid models of cell-cell interaction to study tissue and disease biology.	Onesto MM et al.	—	2024	→
Basic models to advanced systems: harnessing the power of organoids-based microphysiological models of the human brain.	Boylin K et al.	—	2024	→
Bioprinting of Cells, Organoids and Organs-on-a-Chip Together with Hydrogels Improves Structural and Mechanical Cues.	Mierke CT	—	2024	→
Brain Organoids: A Game-Changer for Drug Testing.	Giorgi C et al.	—	2024	→
Brain organoids: A new tool for modelling of neurodevelopmental disorders.	Aili Y et al.	—	2024	→
Brain organoids: A revolutionary tool for modeling neurological disorders and development of therapeutics.	Acharya P et al.	—	2024	→
Cell type specification and diversity in subpallial organoids.	Pavon N et al.	—	2024	→
Central nervous system vascularization in human embryos and neural organoids.	Boutom SM et al.	—	2024	→
Complex activity and short-term plasticity of human cerebral organoids reciprocally connected with axons.	Osaki T et al.	—	2024	→
Constructing Linear-Oriented Pre-Vascularized Human Spinal Cord Tissues for Spinal Cord Injury Repair.	Fan C et al.	—	2024	→
Cryopreservation of organoids: Strategies, innovation, and future prospects.	Han H et al.	—	2024	→
Cytoplasmic binding partners of the Integrator endonuclease INTS11 and its paralog CPSF73 are required for their nuclear function.	Lin MH et al.	—	2024	→
Design of neural organoids engineered by mechanical forces.	Suong DNA et al.	—	2024	→
Efficient generation of human cerebral organoids directly from adherent cultures of pluripotent stem cells.	González-Sastre R et al.	—	2024	→
Emerging Models to Study Human Microglia In vitro.	Jäntti H et al.	—	2024	→
Exploring the prospects, advancements, and challenges of <i>in vitro</i> modeling of the heart-brain axis.	Mabry SA et al.	—	2024	→
Generation and characterization of cortical organoids from iPSC-derived dental pulp stem cells using traditional and innovative approaches.	Teles E Silva AL et al.	—	2024	→
Generation of human region-specific brain organoids with medullary spinal trigeminal nuclei.	Pang W et al.	—	2024	→
Generation of 'semi-guided' cortical organoids with complex neural oscillations.	Fitzgerald MQ et al.	—	2024	→
Guidelines for Manufacturing and Application of Organoids: Brain.	Kwak T et al.	—	2024	→
Human brain organoids for understanding substance use disorders.	Li K et al.	—	2024	→
Human fetal brain self-organizes into long-term expanding organoids.	Hendriks D et al.	—	2024	→
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Organoids as a Novel In Vitro Platform for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment.	Hongen T et al.	—	2024	→
Human Placenta Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Hydrogel Promotes the Generation of Human Spinal Cord Organoids with Dorsoventral Organization from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Wang Z et al.	—	2024	→
Implementation and validation of single-cell genomics experiments in neuroscience.	Colonna M et al.	—	2024	→
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs): molecular mechanisms of induction and applications.	Cerneckis J et al.	—	2024	→
Integration of Functional Human Auditory Neural Circuits Based on a 3D Carbon Nanotube System.	Lou Y et al.	—	2024	→
Investigating the neurobiology of maternal opioid use disorder and prenatal opioid exposure using brain organoid technology.	Dwivedi I et al.	—	2024	→
KMT2D deficiency leads to cellular developmental disorders and enhancer dysregulation in neural-crest-containing brain organoids.	Shan Z et al.	—	2024	→
Lessons from inducible pluripotent stem cell models on neuronal senescence in aging and neurodegeneration.	de Luzy IR et al.	—	2024	→
Long and Short-Term Effect of mTOR Regulation on Cerebral Organoid Growth and Differentiations.	Park SB et al.	—	2024	→
Manufacturing Uniform Cerebral Organoids for Neurological Disease Modeling and Drug Evaluation.	Hong H et al.	—	2024	→
Meta-analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing co-expression in human neural organoids reveals their high variability in recapitulating primary tissue.	Werner JM et al.	—	2024	→
Modeling tuberous sclerosis complex with human induced pluripotent stem cells.	Niu W et al.	—	2024	→
Models for evaluating glioblastoma invasion along white matter tracts.	Li Y et al.	—	2024	→
Multiscale engineering of brain organoids for disease modeling.	Xu C et al.	—	2024	→
Neuron-Astrocyte Interactions: A Human Perspective.	Pio T et al.	—	2024	→
Patterning ganglionic eminences in developing human brain organoids using a morphogen-gradient-inducing device.	Pavon N et al.	—	2024	→
Polarization of organoids by bioengineered symmetry breaking.	Ryu JR et al.	—	2024	→
Probing the molecular and cellular pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cell models.	Sebastian R et al.	—	2024	→
Progress in spinal cord organoid research: advancing understanding of neural development, disease modelling, and regenerative medicine.	Huang R et al.	—	2024	→
Progress in the generation of spinal cord organoids over the past decade and future perspectives.	Zhou G et al.	—	2024	→
Protocol to encapsulate cerebral organoids with alginate hydrogel shell to induce volumetric compression.	Wang Z et al.	—	2024	→
Recapitulation and investigation of human brain development with neural organoids.	Tamada A et al.	—	2024	→
Research progress of brain organoids in the field of diabetes.	Su Y et al.	—	2024	→
Revealing the clinical potential of high-resolution organoids.	Ko J et al.	—	2024	→
Rigor and reproducibility in human brain organoid research: Where we are and where we need to go.	Sandoval SO et al.	—	2024	→
Standardizing a method for functional assessment of neural networks in brain organoids.	Oliva MK et al.	—	2024	→
Stem cell modeling of nervous system tumors.	Furnari FB et al.	—	2024	→
Strategies for dissecting the complexity of neurodevelopmental disorders.	Sun J et al.	—	2024	→
Unraveling the Molecular Landscape of SCN1A Gene Knockout in Cerebral Organoids: A Multiomics Approach Utilizing Proteomics, Lipidomics, and Transcriptomics.	Koh B et al.	—	2024	→
16p11.2 deletion accelerates subpallial maturation and increases variability in human iPSC-derived ventral telencephalic organoids.	Fetit R et al.	—	2023	→
3D multicellular systems in disease modelling: From organoids to organ-on-chip.	Goldrick C et al.	—	2023	→
A beginner's guide on the use of brain organoids for neuroscientists: a systematic review.	Mulder LA et al.	—	2023	→
Advances and Applications of Brain Organoids.	Li Y et al.	—	2023	→
Advancing organoid design through co-emergence, assembly, and bioengineering.	Tenreiro MF et al.	—	2023	→
Advancing preclinical models of psychiatric disorders with human brain organoid cultures.	Dixon TA et al.	—	2023	→
An update on stem cell and stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle-based therapy in the management of Alzheimer's disease.	Jeyaraman M et al.	—	2023	→
A review of protocols for brain organoids and applications for disease modeling.	Mayhew CN et al.	—	2023	→
A simplified protocol for the generation of cortical brain organoids.	Eigenhuis KN et al.	—	2023	→
Assembloid CRISPR screens reveal impact of disease genes in human neurodevelopment.	Meng X et al.	—	2023	→
Bibliometric analysis of cerebral organoids and diseases in the last 10 years.	Luo BY et al.	—	2023	→
Biosensors integrated 3D organoid/organ-on-a-chip system: A real-time biomechanical, biophysical, and biochemical monitoring and characterization.	Liu S et al.	—	2023	→
Brain organoids, consciousness, ethics and moral status.	Jeziorski J et al.	—	2023	→
Cell Replacement Therapy for Brain Repair: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges for Treating Parkinson's Disease and Cortical Injury.	Harary PM et al.	—	2023	→
Cerebral organoids containing an AUTS2 missense variant model microcephaly.	Fair SR et al.	—	2023	→
CRX haploinsufficiency compromises photoreceptor precursor translocation and differentiation in human retinal organoids.	Pan D et al.	—	2023	→
Development and Application of Brain Region-Specific Organoids for Investigating Psychiatric Disorders.	Zhang Z et al.	—	2023	→
Diencephalic organoids - A key to unraveling development, connectivity, and pathology of the human diencephalon.	Kiral FR et al.	—	2023	→
Electrical stimulation induced structural 3D human engineered neural tissue with well-developed neuronal network and functional connectivity.	Meng X et al.	—	2023	→
Emerging strategies of engineering retinal organoids and organoid-on-a-chip in modeling intraocular drug delivery: Current progress and future perspectives.	Yu J et al.	—	2023	→
Establishing Hedgehog Gradients during Neural Development.	Douceau S et al.	—	2023	→
Evidence of shared transcriptomic dysregulation of HNRNPU-related disorder between human organoids and embryonic mice.	Ressler AK et al.	—	2023	→
Exploring the Pathophysiology of Delirium: An Overview of Biomarker Studies, Animal Models, and Tissue-Engineered Models.	McKay TB et al.	—	2023	→
From cells to insights: the power of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical interneurons in psychiatric disorder modeling.	Ni P et al.	—	2023	→
Functional reconstruction of the impaired cortex and motor function by hMGEOs transplantation in stroke.	Cao SY et al.	—	2023	→
Gene expression in organoids: an expanding horizon.	Smirnov A et al.	—	2023	→
Generation of ventralized human thalamic organoids with thalamic reticular nucleus.	Kiral FR et al.	—	2023	→
Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: seeking therapeutic targets in the era of gene therapy.	Suzuki N et al.	—	2023	→
Highly reproducible and cost-effective one-pot organoid differentiation using a novel platform based on PF-127 triggered spheroid assembly.	Zhang XS et al.	—	2023	→
Human 3D brain organoids: steering the demolecularization of brain and neurological diseases.	Adlakha YK	—	2023	→
Human brain organoid code of conduct.	Hoppe M et al.	—	2023	→
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) and organoid models of autism: opportunities and limitations.	Kilpatrick S et al.	—	2023	→
[Interdisciplinary approaches to brain organoid biology].	Kodera T et al.	—	2023	→
[iPS cell technologies toward overcoming neurological diseases].	Kimura T et al.	—	2023	→
MeCP2 dysfunction prevents proper BMP signaling and neural progenitor expansion in brain organoid.	Hong H et al.	—	2023	→
Merits and challenges of iPSC-derived organoids for clinical applications.	Xu Z et al.	—	2023	→
Microfluidic Brain-on-a-Chip: From Key Technology to System Integration and Application.	Wang Z et al.	—	2023	→
Modeling congenital brain malformations with brain organoids: a narrative review.	Ji XS et al.	—	2023	→
Modeling glioblastoma complexity with organoids for personalized treatments.	Pawlowski KD et al.	—	2023	→
Modeling Human Brain Tumors and the Microenvironment Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Khamis ZI et al.	—	2023	→
Modeling Liver Development and Disease in a Dish.	Iqbal W et al.	—	2023	→
Modeling the marmoset brain using embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral assembloids.	Kodera T et al.	—	2023	→
Molecular programs of regional specification and neural stem cell fate progression in macaque telencephalon.	Micali N et al.	—	2023	→
Multimodal charting of molecular and functional cell states via in situ electro-sequencing.	Li Q et al.	—	2023	→
Mutations in DARS2 result in global dysregulation of mRNA metabolism and splicing.	Guang S et al.	—	2023	→
Neural lineage differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells: Advances in disease modeling.	Yan YW et al.	—	2023	→
Non-cell-autonomous regulation of interneuron specification mediated by extracellular vesicles.	Pipicelli F et al.	—	2023	→
Organoid Models of Heart Diseases: Find a New Channel in Improvements of Cardiac Regenerative Medicine.	Jasim SA et al.	—	2023	→
Present and Future Modeling of Human Psychiatric Connectopathies With Brain Organoids.	Urenda JP et al.	—	2023	→
Progress and Prospects of Gene Editing in Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Zhang Z et al.	—	2023	→
Promises and challenges of cardiac organoids.	Li J et al.	—	2023	→
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Neurotransmitter and Neurosteroid Production in Cerebral Organoids during Differentiation.	Park SB et al.	—	2023	→
Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Transcriptional Responses to Dopamine and Cocaine in Human Cerebral Organoids.	Rudibaugh TT et al.	—	2023	→
Recent Advances in Brain Organoid Technology for Human Brain Research.	Jeong E et al.	—	2023	→
Schizophrenia-associated NRXN1 deletions induce developmental-timing- and cell-type-specific vulnerabilities in human brain organoids.	Sebastian R et al.	—	2023	→
Shedding light on latent pathogenesis and pathophysiology of mental disorders: The potential of iPS cell technology.	Arioka Y et al.	—	2023	→
Spatially controlled construction of assembloids using bioprinting.	Roth JG et al.	—	2023	→
Spatio-temporal dynamics enhance cellular diversity, neuronal function and further maturation of human cerebral organoids.	Saglam-Metiner P et al.	—	2023	→
Stem Cell-Based Organoid Models of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.	Wang L et al.	—	2023	→
Structural and functional integration of human forebrain organoids with the injured adult rat visual system.	Jgamadze D et al.	—	2023	→
Symmetry Breaking of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (hPSCs) in Micropattern Generates a Polarized Spinal Cord-Like Organoid (pSCO) with Dorsoventral Organization.	Seo K et al.	—	2023	→
Temporal morphogen gradient-driven neural induction shapes single expanded neuroepithelium brain organoids with enhanced cortical identity.	Pagliaro A et al.	—	2023	→
The generation and properties of human cortical organoids as a disease model for malformations of cortical development.	Zhang XP et al.	—	2023	→
Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models.	Urzì O et al.	—	2023	→
Tissue morphology influences the temporal program of human brain organoid development.	Chiaradia I et al.	—	2023	→
Toward the next generation of vascularized human neural organoids.	Li M et al.	—	2023	→
Unlocking Neural Function with 3D In Vitro Models: A Technical Review of Self-Assembled, Guided, and Bioprinted Brain Organoids and Their Applications in the Study of Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders.	D'Antoni C et al.	—	2023	→
3D and organoid culture in research: physiology, hereditary genetic diseases and cancer.	Suarez-Martinez E et al.	—	2022	→
A Comprehensive Update of Cerebral Organoids between Applications and Challenges.	Li X et al.	—	2022	→
Advanced human developmental toxicity and teratogenicity assessment using human organoid models.	Li M et al.	—	2022	→
Advances in construction and modeling of functional neural circuits in vitro.	Chow SYA et al.	—	2022	→
Advances in stromal cell therapy for management of Alzheimer's disease.	Srivastava R et al.	—	2022	→
Applications of Brain Organoids for Infectious Diseases.	Fan W et al.	—	2022	→
Bilirubin-Induced Neurological Damage: Current and Emerging iPSC-Derived Brain Organoid Models.	Pranty AI et al.	—	2022	→
Bioelectric Potential in Next-Generation Organoids: Electrical Stimulation to Enhance 3D Structures of the Central Nervous System.	O'Hara-Wright M et al.	—	2022	→
Biomaterials and bioengineering to guide tissue morphogenesis in epithelial organoids.	Jeon EY et al.	—	2022	→
Brain Regional Identity and Cell Type Specificity Landscape of Human Cortical Organoid Models.	Magni M et al.	—	2022	→
Central nervous system organoids for modeling neurodegenerative diseases.	Hou PS et al.	—	2022	→
Cerebral Organoids as an Experimental Platform for Human Neurogenomics.	Nowakowski TJ et al.	—	2022	→
Challenges of Organoid Research.	Andrews MG et al.	—	2022	→
Challenges to, and prospects for, reverse engineering the gastrointestinal tract using organoids.	Kakni P et al.	—	2022	→
Cortical Organoids to Model Microcephaly.	Farcy S et al.	—	2022	→
Emerging Bioelectronics for Brain Organoid Electrophysiology.	Tasnim K et al.	—	2022	→
Engineering brain assembloids to interrogate human neural circuits.	Miura Y et al.	—	2022	→
Engineering Brain Organoids: Toward Mature Neural Circuitry with an Intact Cytoarchitecture.	Jang H et al.	—	2022	→
Engineering multiscale structural orders for high-fidelity embryoids and organoids.	Shao Y et al.	—	2022	→
Expression of the transcription factor PU.1 induces the generation of microglia-like cells in human cortical organoids.	Cakir B et al.	—	2022	→
From 2D to 3D Co-Culture Systems: A Review of Co-Culture Models to Study the Neural Cells Interaction.	Liu R et al.	—	2022	→
Harnessing the Power of Stem Cell Models to Study Shared Genetic Variants in Congenital Heart Diseases and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.	Chang X et al.	—	2022	→
Human assembloids.	Kanton S et al.	—	2022	→
Human brain organogenesis: Toward a cellular understanding of development and disease.	Kelley KW et al.	—	2022	→
Human Brain Organoids-on-Chip: Advances, Challenges, and Perspectives for Preclinical Applications.	Castiglione H et al.	—	2022	→
Human cerebral organoids - a new tool for clinical neurology research.	Eichmüller OL et al.	—	2022	→
Human mini brains and spinal cords in a dish: Modeling strategies, current challenges, and prospective advances.	Kofman S et al.	—	2022	→
Human organoids in basic research and clinical applications.	Tang XY et al.	—	2022	→
Human striatal organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells recapitulate striatal development and compartments.	Chen X et al.	—	2022	→
In-vitro engineered human cerebral tissues mimic pathological circuit disturbances in 3D.	Saberi A et al.	—	2022	→
iPSC toolbox for understanding and repairing disrupted brain circuits in autism.	Chiola S et al.	—	2022	→
Label-free three-photon imaging of intact human cerebral organoids for tracking early events in brain development and deficits in Rett syndrome.	Yildirim M et al.	—	2022	→
Materials Chemistry of Neural Interface Technologies and Recent Advances in Three-Dimensional Systems.	Park Y et al.	—	2022	→
Microfluidics for Neuronal Cell and Circuit Engineering.	Habibey R et al.	—	2022	→
Modeling human neurodevelopmental diseases with brain organoids.	Lu X et al.	—	2022	→
Modeling Human Organ Development and Diseases With Fetal Tissue-Derived Organoids.	Liang J et al.	—	2022	→
Modeling human telencephalic development and autism-associated SHANK3 deficiency using organoids generated from single neural rosettes.	Wang Y et al.	—	2022	→
Modeling neurodegenerative diseases with cerebral organoids and other three-dimensional culture systems: focus on Alzheimer's disease.	Venkataraman L et al.	—	2022	→
Modelling metabolic diseases and drug response using stem cells and organoids.	Hu W et al.	—	2022	→
Multiscale Analysis of Cellular Composition and Morphology in Intact Cerebral Organoids.	Ma H et al.	—	2022	→
Novel compound heterozygous mutation in <i>STAMBP</i> causes a neurodevelopmental disorder by disrupting cortical proliferation.	Hu M et al.	—	2022	→
Orgo-Seq integrates single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data to identify cell type specific-driver genes associated with autism spectrum disorder.	Lim ET et al.	—	2022	→
Patterning of brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells.	Zhang Z et al.	—	2022	→
Psychiatric risk gene transcription factor 4 preferentially regulates cortical interneuron neurogenesis during early brain development.	Wang Y et al.	—	2022	→
Region Specific Brain Organoids to Study Neurodevelopmental Disorders.	Susaimanickam PJ et al.	—	2022	→
Research models of neurodevelopmental disorders: The right model in the right place.	Damianidou E et al.	—	2022	→
Revealing the Impact of Mitochondrial Fitness During Early Neural Development Using Human Brain Organoids.	Romero-Morales AI et al.	—	2022	→
Schizophrenia is defined by cell-specific neuropathology and multiple neurodevelopmental mechanisms in patient-derived cerebral organoids.	Notaras M et al.	—	2022	→
Stem Cell-Based Embryo Models: En Route to a Programmable Future.	Chen Y et al.	—	2022	→
The Application of Brain Organoids in Assessing Neural Toxicity.	Fan P et al.	—	2022	→
The potential application of organoids in breast cancer research and treatment.	Ebrahimi N et al.	—	2022	→
What Makes Organoids Good Models of Human Neurogenesis?	Yang Q et al.	—	2022	→
3D Bioprinting of Neural Tissues.	Cadena M et al.	—	2021	→
3D-printed microplate inserts for long term high-resolution imaging of live brain organoids.	Oksdath Mansilla M et al.	—	2021	→
A Cerebral Organoid Connectivity Apparatus to Model Neuronal Tract Circuitry.	Robles DA et al.	—	2021	→
A comprehensive library of human transcription factors for cell fate engineering.	Ng AHM et al.	—	2021	→
Advances in 3D neuronal microphysiological systems: towards a functional nervous system on a chip.	Anderson WA et al.	—	2021	→
Advances in Central Nervous System Organoids: A Focus on Organoid-Based Models for Motor Neuron Disease.	Vieira de Sá R et al.	—	2021	→
Advancing models of neural development with biomaterials.	Roth JG et al.	—	2021	→
A human forebrain organoid model of fragile X syndrome exhibits altered neurogenesis and highlights new treatment strategies.	Kang Y et al.	—	2021	→
An Individual Patient's "Body" on Chips-How Organismoid Theory Can Translate Into Your Personal Precision Therapy Approach.	Marx U et al.	—	2021	→
Application of Airy beam light sheet microscopy to examine early neurodevelopmental structures in 3D hiPSC-derived human cortical spheroids.	Adhya D et al.	—	2021	→
Applications of brain organoids in neurodevelopment and neurological diseases.	Sun N et al.	—	2021	→
A protein-centric view of in vitro biological model systems for schizophrenia.	Chandrasekaran A et al.	—	2021	→
Bio-assembling Macro-Scale, Lumenized Airway Tubes of Defined Shape via Multi-Organoid Patterning and Fusion.	Liu Y et al.	—	2021	→
Bioengineering methods for organoid systems.	Saleh J et al.	—	2021	→
Bioengineering tissue morphogenesis and function in human neural organoids.	Fedorchak NJ et al.	—	2021	→
Brain organoid: a 3D technology for investigating cellular composition and interactions in human neurological development and disease models in vitro.	Agboola OS et al.	—	2021	→
Brain organoids: an ensemble of bioassays to investigate human neurodevelopment and disease.	Sidhaye J et al.	—	2021	→
Brain organoids: A new frontier of human neuroscience research.	Lancaster MA	—	2021	→
Brain Organoids: Studying Human Brain Development and Diseases in a Dish.	Xu J et al.	—	2021	→
Brain Organoids: Tiny Mirrors of Human Neurodevelopment and Neurological Disorders.	Yadav A et al.	—	2021	→
Building the brain from scratch: Engineering region-specific brain organoids from human stem cells to study neural development and disease.	Jacob F et al.	—	2021	→
Cardiac organoid - a promising perspective of preclinical model.	Zhao D et al.	—	2021	→
Cellular complexity in brain organoids: Current progress and unsolved issues.	Mansour AA et al.	—	2021	→
Cerebral organoids and their potential for studies of brain diseases in domestic animals.	Pain B et al.	—	2021	→
Cerebral organoids to unravel the mechanisms underlying malformations of human cortical development.	Krefft O et al.	—	2021	→
Classics never get old: neurotransmitters shape human cortical interneuron migration.	Bonafina A et al.	—	2021	→
Controllable fusion of human brain organoids using acoustofluidics.	Ao Z et al.	—	2021	→
Current and future applications of induced pluripotent stem cell-based models to study pathological proteins in neurodegenerative disorders.	de Rus Jacquet A et al.	—	2021	→
Deconstructing and reconstructing the human brain with regionally specified brain organoids.	Xiang Y et al.	—	2021	→
Defense of COVID-19 by Human Organoids.	Lv T et al.	—	2021	→
Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Specific Neural Lineages.	Chang CY et al.	—	2021	→
Effects of early geometric confinement on the transcriptomic profile of human cerebral organoids	Sen D et al.	—	2021	—
Effects of early geometric confinement on the transcriptomic profile of human cerebral organoids.	Sen D et al.	—	2021	→
Electrophysiology Read-Out Tools for Brain-on-Chip Biotechnology.	Forro C et al.	—	2021	→
Emerging Brain-Pathophysiology-Mimetic Platforms for Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases: Brain Organoids and Brains-on-a-Chip.	Bang S et al.	—	2021	→
Energy Metabolism and Intracellular pH Alteration in Neural Spheroids Carrying Down Syndrome.	Kashirina A et al.	—	2021	→
Engineering human hepato-biliary-pancreatic organoids from pluripotent stem cells.	Koike H et al.	—	2021	→
Engineering organoids.	Hofer M et al.	—	2021	→
Epigenetic regulation during human cortical development: Seq-ing answers from the brain to the organoid.	Lewis EMA et al.	—	2021	→
Evolving features of human cortical development and the emerging roles of non-coding RNAs in neural progenitor cell diversity and function.	Prodromidou K et al.	—	2021	→
Expanding the boundaries of synthetic development.	Martyn I et al.	—	2021	→
From Brain Organoids to Networking Assembloids: Implications for Neuroendocrinology and Stress Medicine.	Makrygianni EA et al.	—	2021	→
Functional Characterization of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Models of the Brain with Microelectrode Arrays.	Pelkonen A et al.	—	2021	→
Generation of Neurosphere-Derived Organoid-Like-Aggregates (NEDAS) from Neural Stem Cells.	Watanabe F et al.	—	2021	→
Genome Editing in iPSC-Based Neural Systems: From Disease Models to Future Therapeutic Strategies.	McTague A et al.	—	2021	→
Glial cell diversity and methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation in human cerebral organoids.	Dang J et al.	—	2021	→
How well do brain organoids capture your brain?	Kim J et al.	—	2021	→
Human brain organoids assemble functionally integrated bilateral optic vesicles.	Gabriel E et al.	—	2021	→
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell as a Disease Modeling and Drug Development Platform-A Cardiac Perspective.	Bekhite MM et al.	—	2021	→
Human iPSC-Based Modeling of Central Nerve System Disorders for Drug Discovery.	Qian L et al.	—	2021	→
Human liver model systems in a dish.	Thompson WL et al.	—	2021	→
Human neural organoids: Models for developmental neurobiology and disease.	Guy B et al.	—	2021	→
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids as in vitro models for studying neural disorders and cancer.	Luo J et al.	—	2021	→
Identification of neural oscillations and epileptiform changes in human brain organoids.	Samarasinghe RA et al.	—	2021	→
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Psychiatry: An Overview and Critical Perspective.	De Los Angeles A et al.	—	2021	→
Intranasally Administered L-Myc-Immortalized Human Neural Stem Cells Migrate to Primary and Distal Sites of Damage after Cortical Impact and Enhance Spatial Learning.	Gutova M et al.	—	2021	→
Klotho inhibits neuronal senescence in human brain organoids.	Shaker MR et al.	—	2021	→
Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation disrupts functional connectivity and community structure in primary cortical microtissues.	Atherton E et al.	—	2021	→
Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS.	Hopkins HK et al.	—	2021	→
Microfluidic device with brain extracellular matrix promotes structural and functional maturation of human brain organoids.	Cho AN et al.	—	2021	→
Mitochondria in Early Forebrain Development: From Neurulation to Mid-Corticogenesis.	Fame RM et al.	—	2021	→
Modeling brain development and diseases with human cerebral organoids.	Shi Y et al.	—	2021	→
Modeling human neuronal migration deficits in 3D.	Reiner O et al.	—	2021	→
Modeling Liver Organogenesis by Recreating Three-Dimensional Collective Cell Migration: A Role for TGFβ Pathway.	Ogoke O et al.	—	2021	→
Modeling Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Diseases with Astrocytes Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Ren B et al.	—	2021	→
Modeling neurodevelopment in a dish with pluripotent stem cells.	Imaizumi K et al.	—	2021	→
Modeling Neurological Disorders in 3D Organoids Using Human-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Bose R et al.	—	2021	→
Modeling Rett Syndrome with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Mechanistic Outcomes and Future Clinical Perspectives.	Gomes AR et al.	—	2021	→
Modelling neurodegenerative disease using brain organoids.	Wray S	—	2021	→
Neurotransmitter signaling regulates distinct phases of multimodal human interneuron migration.	Bajaj S et al.	—	2021	→
Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research.	Premeaux TA et al.	—	2021	→
Novel Scalable and Simplified System to Generate Microglia-Containing Cerebral Organoids From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Bodnar B et al.	—	2021	→
Organoid engineering with microfluidics and biomaterials for liver, lung disease, and cancer modeling.	Kim SK et al.	—	2021	→
PsychENCODE and beyond: transcriptomics and epigenomics of brain development and organoids.	Jourdon A et al.	—	2021	→
Regional specification and complementation with non-neuroectodermal cells in human brain organoids.	Tanaka Y et al.	—	2021	→
Regulation of prefrontal patterning and connectivity by retinoic acid.	Shibata M et al.	—	2021	→
Resolving organoid brain region identities by mapping single-cell genomic data to reference atlases.	Fleck JS et al.	—	2021	→
Single-Cell Sequencing and Organoids: A Powerful Combination for Modelling Organ Development and Diseases.	Yin Y et al.	—	2021	→
Taming human brain organoids one cell at a time.	Atamian A et al.	—	2021	→
The Age of Brain Organoids: Tailoring Cell Identity and Functionality for Normal Brain Development and Disease Modeling.	Porciúncula LO et al.	—	2021	→
The frontier of live tissue imaging across space and time.	Huang Q et al.	—	2021	→
The Path to Progress Preclinical Studies of Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Perspective on Rodent and hiPSC-Derived Models.	MacDougall G et al.	—	2021	→
Three-dimensional culture models to study glioblastoma - current trends and future perspectives.	Joseph JV et al.	—	2021	→
Three-dimensional in vitro tissue culture models of brain organoids.	Gong J et al.	—	2021	→
Three-dimensional, multifunctional neural interfaces for cortical spheroids and engineered assembloids.	Park Y et al.	—	2021	→
Toward three-dimensional <i>in vitro</i> models to study neurovascular unit functions in health and disease.	Caffrey TM et al.	—	2021	→
Transcriptomic Mapping of Neural Diversity, Differentiation and Functional Trajectory in iPSC-Derived 3D Brain Organoid Models.	Kiaee K et al.	—	2021	→
Trends and challenges in modeling glioma using 3D human brain organoids.	Mariappan A et al.	—	2021	→
Unraveling Human Brain Development and Evolution Using Organoid Models.	Fernandes S et al.	—	2021	→
Upscaling of pneumatic membrane valves for the integration of 3D cell cultures on chip.	Compera N et al.	—	2021	→
Using organoids to study human brain development and evolution.	Chan WK et al.	—	2021	→
Vascular-derived SPARC and SerpinE1 regulate interneuron tangential migration and accelerate functional maturation of human stem cell-derived interneurons.	Genestine M et al.	—	2021	→
WWOX-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Models and Future Perspectives.	Steinberg DJ et al.	—	2021	→
3D Brain Organoids: Studying Brain Development and Disease Outside the Embryo.	Velasco S et al.	—	2020	→
Advanced Materials to Enhance Central Nervous System Tissue Modeling and Cell Therapy.	Muckom RJ et al.	—	2020	→
Application of Fused Organoid Models to Study Human Brain Development and Neural Disorders.	Chen A et al.	—	2020	→
A Primer on Human Brain Organoids for the Neurosurgeon.	Blue R et al.	—	2020	→
Biomaterials and Culture Systems for Development of Organoid and Organ-on-a-Chip Models.	D'Costa K et al.	—	2020	→
Brain Organoids as Model Systems for Genetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders.	Baldassari S et al.	—	2020	→
Brain organoids for the study of human neurobiology at the interface of in vitro and in vivo.	Chiaradia I et al.	—	2020	→
Brain organoids: Human 3D models to investigate neuronal circuits assembly, function and dysfunction.	Tambalo M et al.	—	2020	→
Brain Organoids: Human Neurodevelopment in a Dish.	Benito-Kwiecinski S et al.	—	2020	→
Building a Human Brain for Research.	Bitar M et al.	—	2020	→
Cell stress in cortical organoids impairs molecular subtype specification.	Bhaduri A et al.	—	2020	→
Challenges in Modeling Human Neural Circuit Formation via Brain Organoid Technology.	Matsui TK et al.	—	2020	→
COCO enhances the efficiency of photoreceptor precursor differentiation in early human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal organoids.	Pan D et al.	—	2020	→
Cohen Syndrome Patient iPSC-Derived Neurospheres and Forebrain-Like Glutamatergic Neurons Reveal Reduced Proliferation of Neural Progenitor Cells and Altered Expression of Synapse Genes.	Lee YK et al.	—	2020	→
CRISPR-based functional evaluation of schizophrenia risk variants.	Rajarajan P et al.	—	2020	→
Do not keep it simple: recent advances in the generation of complex organoids.	Wörsdörfer P et al.	—	2020	→
Dysregulation of BRD4 Function Underlies the Functional Abnormalities of MeCP2 Mutant Neurons.	Xiang Y et al.	—	2020	→
Electrophysiological Maturation of Cerebral Organoids Correlates with Dynamic Morphological and Cellular Development.	Fair SR et al.	—	2020	→
Gastrointestinal tract modeling using organoids engineered with cellular and microbiota niches.	Min S et al.	—	2020	→
Generation of cerebral cortical GABAergic interneurons from pluripotent stem cells.	Fitzgerald M et al.	—	2020	→
Generation of Regionally Specified Human Brain Organoids Resembling Thalamus Development.	Xiang Y et al.	—	2020	→
Human Brain Organoid Models of Developmental Epilepsies.	Nieto-Estévez V et al.	—	2020	→
Human-Derived Brain Models: Windows into Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Drug Therapies.	Papariello A et al.	—	2020	→
Human in vitro models for understanding mechanisms of autism spectrum disorder.	Gordon A et al.	—	2020	→
Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine.	Kim J et al.	—	2020	→
Human organoids to model the developing human neocortex in health and disease.	Khakipoor S et al.	—	2020	→
Human stem cell-based models for studying autism spectrum disorder-related neuronal dysfunction.	Cheffer A et al.	—	2020	→
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Based Neurodegenerative Disease Models for Phenotype Recapitulation and Drug Screening.	Chang CY et al.	—	2020	→
Innovations in 3-Dimensional Tissue Models of Human Brain Physiology and Diseases.	Lovett ML et al.	—	2020	→
Integrating CRISPR Engineering and hiPSC-Derived 2D Disease Modeling Systems.	Rehbach K et al.	—	2020	→
iPSC modeling of rare pediatric disorders.	Freel BA et al.	—	2020	→
Looking at neurodevelopment through a big data lens.	Briscoe J et al.	—	2020	→
Mass Generation, Neuron Labeling, and 3D Imaging of Minibrains.	Govindan S et al.	—	2020	→
Modeling Alzheimer's disease with iPSC-derived brain cells.	Penney J et al.	—	2020	→
Modeling and Targeting Alzheimer's Disease With Organoids.	Papaspyropoulos A et al.	—	2020	→
Modeling genetic epilepsies in a dish.	Niu W et al.	—	2020	→
Modeling Rett Syndrome With Human Patient-Specific Forebrain Organoids.	Gomes AR et al.	—	2020	→
Modeling the complex genetic architectures of brain disease.	Fernando MB et al.	—	2020	→
Modelling frontotemporal dementia using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells.	Lines G et al.	—	2020	→
Modelling neurodegenerative diseases with 3D brain organoids.	Chang Y et al.	—	2020	→
Multi-lineage Human iPSC-Derived Platforms for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery.	Sharma A et al.	—	2020	→
Omics Approach to Axonal Dysfunction of Motor Neurons in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).	Suzuki N et al.	—	2020	→
Organoid and Assembloid Technologies for Investigating Cellular Crosstalk in Human Brain Development and Disease.	Marton RM et al.	—	2020	→
Organoid based personalized medicine: from bench to bedside.	Li Y et al.	—	2020	→
Organoid technology for tissue engineering.	He J et al.	—	2020	→
Pluripotent stem cells for neurodegenerative disease modeling: an expert view on their value to drug discovery.	Chen SD et al.	—	2020	→
Probing disrupted neurodevelopment in autism using human stem cell-derived neurons and organoids: An outlook into future diagnostics and drug development.	Yang G et al.	—	2020	→
Resolving Neurodevelopmental and Vision Disorders Using Organoid Single-Cell Multi-omics.	Brancati G et al.	—	2020	→
Retinal and Brain Organoids: Bridging the Gap Between <i>in vivo</i> Physiology and <i>in vitro</i> Micro-Physiology for the Study of Alzheimer's Diseases.	Brighi C et al.	—	2020	→
Reverse engineering human brain evolution using organoid models.	Mostajo-Radji MA et al.	—	2020	→
Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications and Algorithms for Brain Organoid Research.	Badai J et al.	—	2020	→
SARS-CoV-2 targets neurons of 3D human brain organoids.	Ramani A et al.	—	2020	→
Shifting Developmental Trajectories During Critical Periods of Brain Formation.	Dehorter N et al.	—	2020	→
Simplified Brain Organoids for Rapid and Robust Modeling of Brain Disease.	Ha J et al.	—	2020	→
Studying Human Neurodevelopment and Diseases Using 3D Brain Organoids.	Tian A et al.	—	2020	→
Synthetic Analyses of Single-Cell Transcriptomes from Multiple Brain Organoids and Fetal Brain.	Tanaka Y et al.	—	2020	→
The abiding relevance of mouse models of rare mutations to psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics.	Gogos JA et al.	—	2020	→
The Application of Brain Organoids: From Neuronal Development to Neurological Diseases.	Shou Y et al.	—	2020	→
The Implementation of the Three Rs in Regulatory Toxicity and Biosafety Assessment: The Indian Perspective.	Pant AB	—	2020	→
Three-dimensional modeling of human neurodegeneration: brain organoids coming of age.	Grenier K et al.	—	2020	→
Toward a neurospheroid niche model: optimizing embedded 3D bioprinting for fabrication of neurospheroid brain-like co-culture constructs.	Li YE et al.	—	2020	→
Toward Spatial Identities in Human Brain Organoids-on-Chip Induced by Morphogen-Soaked Beads.	Ben-Reuven L et al.	—	2020	→
Transcriptomic and epigenomic dynamics associated with development of human iPSC-derived GABAergic interneurons.	Inglis GAS et al.	—	2020	→
Translating Embryogenesis to Generate Organoids: Novel Approaches to Personalized Medicine.	Sahu S et al.	—	2020	→
Uncovering cell biology in the third dimension.	Robertson GL et al.	—	2020	→
Upgrading the Physiological Relevance of Human Brain Organoids.	Del Dosso A et al.	—	2020	→
Using brain organoids to study human neurodevelopment, evolution and disease.	Kyrousi C et al.	—	2020	→
Applications of Human Brain Organoids to Clinical Problems.	Chen HI et al.	—	2019	→
Assembling human brain organoids.	Paşca SP	—	2019	→
Assembly of Human Stem Cell-Derived Cortical Spheroids and Vascular Spheroids to Model 3-D Brain-like Tissues.	Song L et al.	—	2019	→
Brain Organoids-A Bottom-Up Approach for Studying Human Neurodevelopment.	Karzbrun E et al.	—	2019	→
Brain organoids: advances, applications and challenges.	Qian X et al.	—	2019	→
Brain organoids and insights on human evolution.	Muotri AR	—	2019	→
Brain Organoids: A New, Transformative Investigational Tool for Neuroscience Research.	Vaez Ghaemi R et al.	—	2019	→
Brain Organoids as Tools for Modeling Human Neurodevelopmental Disorders.	Adams JW et al.	—	2019	→
Cell diversity in the human cerebral cortex: from the embryo to brain organoids.	Arlotta P et al.	—	2019	→
Cell migration promotes dynamic cellular interactions to control cerebral cortex morphogenesis.	Silva CG et al.	—	2019	→
Cerebral organoids exhibit mature neurons and astrocytes and recapitulate electrophysiological activity of the human brain.	Yakoub AM	—	2019	→
Complex Oscillatory Waves Emerging from Cortical Organoids Model Early Human Brain Network Development.	Trujillo CA et al.	—	2019	→
Differential Effects of Extracellular Vesicles of Lineage-Specific Human Pluripotent Stem Cells on the Cellular Behaviors of Isogenic Cortical Spheroids.	Marzano M et al.	—	2019	→
Disease modelling in human organoids.	Lancaster MA et al.	—	2019	→
Early Actions of Neurotransmitters During Cortex Development and Maturation of Reprogrammed Neurons.	Ojeda J et al.	—	2019	→
Engineering of human brain organoids with a functional vascular-like system.	Cakir B et al.	—	2019	→
Engineering Stem Cell Self-organization to Build Better Organoids.	Brassard JA et al.	—	2019	→
Functionalization of Brain Region-specific Spheroids with Isogenic Microglia-like Cells.	Song L et al.	—	2019	→
Gcn5-Mediated Histone Acetylation Governs Nucleosome Dynamics in Spermiogenesis.	Luense LJ et al.	—	2019	→
hESC-Derived Thalamic Organoids Form Reciprocal Projections When Fused with Cortical Organoids.	Xiang Y et al.	—	2019	→
Human brain development and its in vitro recapitulation.	Seto Y et al.	—	2019	→
Human brain development through the lens of cerebral organoid models.	Andrews MG et al.	—	2019	→
Human Cerebral Organoids and Fetal Brain Tissue Share Proteomic Similarities.	Nascimento JM et al.	—	2019	→
Individual brain organoids reproducibly form cell diversity of the human cerebral cortex.	Velasco S et al.	—	2019	→
iPSCs-Based Neural 3D Systems: A Multidimensional Approach for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery.	Costamagna G et al.	—	2019	→
Large-Scale Generation and Characterization of Homogeneous Populations of Migratory Cortical Interneurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Ni P et al.	—	2019	→
Modeling cell-cell interactions in the brain using cerebral organoids.	Oliveira B et al.	—	2019	→
Modeling Human Brain Circuitry Using Pluripotent Stem Cell Platforms.	Hartlaub AM et al.	—	2019	→
"Necessity Is the Mother of Invention" or Inexpensive, Reliable, and Reproducible Protocol for Generating Organoids.	Eremeev AV et al.	—	2019	→
Neural layer self-assembly in geometrically confined rat and human 3D cultures.	Hasan MF et al.	—	2019	→
Neural Lineage Differentiation From Pluripotent Stem Cells to Mimic Human Brain Tissues.	Hong YJ et al.	—	2019	→
Neuronal migration in the CNS during development and disease: insights from <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> models.	Buchsbaum IY et al.	—	2019	→
OLIG2 Drives Abnormal Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes in Human iPSC-Based Organoid and Chimeric Mouse Models of Down Syndrome.	Xu R et al.	—	2019	→
Optogenetics in the Era of Cerebral Organoids.	Shiri Z et al.	—	2019	→
Organoids by design.	Takebe T et al.	—	2019	→
Organs by design: can bioprinting meet self-organization?	Martin I et al.	—	2019	→
Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cerebral Organoids Reveal Human Oligodendrogenesis with Dorsal and Ventral Origins.	Kim H et al.	—	2019	→
Precisely controlling endogenous protein dosage in hPSCs and derivatives to model FOXG1 syndrome.	Zhu W et al.	—	2019	→
Self-Organized Synchronous Calcium Transients in a Cultured Human Neural Network Derived from Cerebral Organoids.	Sakaguchi H et al.	—	2019	→
Shared and derived features of cellular diversity in the human cerebral cortex.	Miller DJ et al.	—	2019	→
Species-Specific miRNAs in Human Brain Development and Disease.	Prodromidou K et al.	—	2019	→
Specification of positional identity in forebrain organoids.	Cederquist GY et al.	—	2019	→
Spinal cord organoids add an extra dimension to traditional motor neuron cultures.	Winanto et al.	—	2019	→
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease prion infection of human cerebral organoids.	Groveman BR et al.	—	2019	→
The Dynamic Partnership of Polycomb and Trithorax in Brain Development and Diseases.	Kuehner JN et al.	—	2019	→
The Emergence of Stem Cell-Based Brain Organoids: Trends and Challenges.	Gopalakrishnan J	—	2019	→
The Ethics of Cerebral Organoid Research: Being Conscious of Consciousness.	Sawai T et al.	—	2019	→
Transplantation of Human Brain Organoids: Revisiting the Science and Ethics of Brain Chimeras.	Chen HI et al.	—	2019	→
Verification and rectification of cell type-specific splicing of a Seckel syndrome-associated ATR mutation using iPS cell model.	Ichisima J et al.	—	2019	→
WNT/NOTCH Pathway Is Essential for the Maintenance and Expansion of Human MGE Progenitors.	Ma L et al.	—	2019	→
Brain Organoids and the Study of Neurodevelopment.	Trujillo CA et al.	—	2018	→
Brain organoids as models to study human neocortex development and evolution.	Heide M et al.	—	2018	→
Cellular Models: HD Patient-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Geater C et al.	—	2018	→
Cortical organoids: why all this hype?	Marsoner F et al.	—	2018	→
Differential Effects of Heparin and Hyaluronic Acid on Neural Patterning of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.	Bejoy J et al.	—	2018	→
Epigenetics and cerebral organoids: promising directions in autism spectrum disorders.	Forsberg SL et al.	—	2018	→
Generation and assembly of human brain region-specific three-dimensional cultures.	Sloan SA et al.	—	2018	→
Generation and Fusion of Human Cortical and Medial Ganglionic Eminence Brain Organoids.	Xiang Y et al.	—	2018	→
Generation of human brain region-specific organoids using a miniaturized spinning bioreactor.	Qian X et al.	—	2018	→
Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Role for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells?	Prytkova I et al.	—	2018	→
Human Huntington's Disease iPSC-Derived Cortical Neurons Display Altered Transcriptomics, Morphology, and Maturation.	Mehta SR et al.	—	2018	→
Induction of myelinating oligodendrocytes in human cortical spheroids.	Madhavan M et al.	—	2018	→
In Vivo Imaging of Single Mammalian Cells in Development and Disease.	White MD et al.	—	2018	→
Modeling Neurodegenerative Microenvironment Using Cortical Organoids Derived from Human Stem Cells.	Yan Y et al.	—	2018	→
Modeling Neurological Diseases With Human Brain Organoids.	Wang H	—	2018	→
Organoids required! A new path to understanding human brain development and disease.	Arlotta P	—	2018	→
Review: Synthetic scaffolds to control the biochemical, mechanical, and geometrical environment of stem cell-derived brain organoids.	Oksdath M et al.	—	2018	→
Rotenone exerts developmental neurotoxicity in a human brain spheroid model.	Pamies D et al.	—	2018	→
Single-cell trajectory analysis of human homogenous neurons carrying a rare RELN variant.	Arioka Y et al.	—	2018	→
Spontaneous Glioblastoma Spheroid Infiltration of Early-Stage Cerebral Organoids Models Brain Tumor Invasion.	da Silva B et al.	—	2018	→
Studying the Brain in a Dish: 3D Cell Culture Models of Human Brain Development and Disease.	Brown J et al.	—	2018	→
The rise of three-dimensional human brain cultures.	Pașca SP	—	2018	→
Translational potential of human brain organoids.	Sun AX et al.	—	2018	→
Systematic Three-Dimensional Coculture Rapidly Recapitulates Interactions between Human Neurons and Astrocytes.	Krencik R et al.	—	2017	→