Dynein is the motor for retrograde axonal transport of organelles.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Schnapp, B J; Reese, T S
- Year
- 1989
- Journal
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- PMID
- 2466291
- DOI
- 10.1073/pnas.86.5.1548
- PMCID
- PMC286735
Vesicular organelles in axons of nerve cells are transported along microtubules either toward their plus ends (fast anterograde transport) or toward their minus ends (retrograde transport). Two microtubule-based motors were previously identified by examining plastic beads induced to move along microtubules by cytosol fractions from the squid giant axon: (i) an anterograde motor, kinesin, and (ii) a retrograde motor, which is characterized here. The retrograde motor, a cytosolic protein previously termed HMW1, was purified from optic lobes and extruded axoplasm by nucleotide-dependent microtubule affinity and release; microtubule gliding was used as the assay of motor activity. The following properties of the retrograde motor suggest that it is cytoplasmic dynein: (i) sedimentation at 20-22 S with a heavy chain of Mr greater than 200,000 that coelectrophoreses with the alpha and beta subunits of axonemal dynein, (ii) cleavage by UV irradiation in the presence of ATP and vanadate, and (iii) a molecular structure resembling two-headed dynein from axonemes. Furthermore, bead movement toward the minus end of microtubules was blocked when axoplasmic supernatants were treated with UV/vanadate. Treatment of axoplasmic supernatant with UV/vanadate also blocks the retrograde movement of purified organelles in vitro without changing the number of anterograde moving organelles, indicating that dynein interacts specifically with a subgroup of organelles programmed to move toward the cell body. However, purified optic lobe dynein, like purified kinesin, does not by itself promote the movement of purified organelles along microtubules, suggesting that additional axoplasmic factors are necessary for retrograde as well as anterograde transport.
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| Directional instability of microtubule transport in the presence of kinesin and dynein, two opposite polarity motor proteins. | Vale RD et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| Features of the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP. | Kopin IJ | β | 1992 | β |
| Immunolocalization of cytoplasmic dynein to lysosomes in cultured cells. | Lin SX et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| Kinesin and cytoplasmic dynein binding to brain microsomes. | Yu H et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| Kinesin family in murine central nervous system. | Aizawa H et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| Kinesin is bound with high affinity to squid axon organelles that move to the plus-end of microtubules. | Schnapp BJ et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| Molecular motors in axonal transport. Cellular and molecular biology of kinesin. | Cyr JL et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| Myosin-I moves actin filaments on a phospholipid substrate: implications for membrane targeting. | Zot HG et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| Radial movement of lysosomes along microtubules in permeabilized macrophages. | Swanson JA et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| The phosphorylation of kinesin regulates its binding to synaptic vesicles. | Sato-Yoshitake R et al. | β | 1992 | β |
| Ultrastructural studies of microtubules and microtubule organizing centers of the vertebrate olfactory neuron. | Burton PR | β | 1992 | β |
| Cell cycle control of microtubule-based membrane transport and tubule formation in vitro. | Allan VJ et al. | β | 1991 | β |
| Chromosome motion during attachment to the vertebrate spindle: initial saltatory-like behavior of chromosomes and quantitative analysis of force production by nascent kinetochore fibers. | Alexander SP et al. | β | 1991 | β |
| Homology of a 150K cytoplasmic dynein-associated polypeptide with the Drosophila gene Glued. | Holzbaur EL et al. | β | 1991 | β |
| Kinesin associates with anterogradely transported membranous organelles in vivo. | Hirokawa N et al. | β | 1991 | β |
| Molecular structure and function of microtubule-associated proteins. | Wiche G et al. | β | 1991 | β |
| Motor protein independent binding of endocytic carrier vesicles to microtubules in vitro. | Scheel J et al. | β | 1991 | β |
| Nucleotide specificities of anterograde and retrograde organelle transport in Reticulomyxa are indistinguishable. | Schliwa M et al. | β | 1991 | β |
| Two activators of microtubule-based vesicle transport. | Schroer TA et al. | β | 1991 | β |
| Bead movement by single kinesin molecules studied with optical tweezers. | Block SM et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| Brain dynein (MAP1C) localizes on both anterogradely and retrogradely transported membranous organelles in vivo. | Hirokawa N et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| Delayed start-up of kinesin-driven microtubule gliding following inhibition by adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-imido]triphosphate. | Schnapp BJ et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| HMW-2, the Sertoli cell cytoplasmic dynein from rat testis, is a dimer composed of nearly identical subunits. | Neely MD et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| How is microtubule-based organelle translocation regulated? | Stebbings H | β | 1990 | β |
| Identification and immunolocalization of cytoplasmic dynein in Dictyostelium. | Koonce MP et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| Identification of a novel nucleotide-sensitive microtubule-binding protein in HeLa cells. | Rickard JE et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| Nucleotide specificity for the bidirectional transport of membrane-bounded organelles in isolated axoplasm. | Leopold PL et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| Regulation of organelle transport in melanophores by calcineurin. | Thaler CD et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| The phagosome-lysosome membrane system and its regulation in Paramecium. | Fok AK et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| The primary structure and analysis of the squid kinesin heavy chain. | Kosik KS et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| Vesicle transport along microtubular ribbons and isolation of cytoplasmic dynein from Paramecium. | Schroeder CC et al. | β | 1990 | β |
| Identification of a kinesin-like microtubule-based motor protein in Dictyostelium discoideum. | McCaffrey G et al. | β | 1989 | β |
| Preparation of microtubules from rat liver and testis: cytoplasmic dynein is a major microtubule associated protein. | Collins CA et al. | β | 1989 | β |
| Studies on the interaction between mitochondria and the cytoskeleton. | LindΓ©n M et al. | β | 1989 | β |