Quantifying Motor Experience in the Infant Brain: EEG Power, Coherence, and Mu Desynchronization.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Gonzalez, Sandy L; Reeb-Sutherland, Bethany C; Nelson, Eliza L
- Year
- 2016
- Journal
- Frontiers in psychology
- PMID
- 26925022
- DOI
- 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00216
- PMCID
- PMC4757680
The emergence of new motor skills, such as reaching and walking, dramatically changes how infants engage with the world socially and cognitively. Several examples of how motor experience can cascade into cognitive and social development have been documented, yet a significant knowledge gap remains in our understanding of whether these observed behavioral changes are accompanied by underlying neural changes. We propose that electroencephalography (EEG) measures such as power, coherence, and mu desynchronization are optimal tools to quantify motor experience in the infant brain. In this mini-review, we will summarize existing infant research that has separately assessed the relation between motor, cognitive, or social development with coherence, power, or mu desynchronization. We will discuss how the reviewed neural changes seen in seemingly separate developmental domains may be linked based on existing behavioral evidence. We will further propose that power, coherence, and mu desynchronization be used in research exploring the links between motor experience and cognitive and social development.
No figures extracted from this document.
| # | Section | Preview |
|---|---|---|
| 20 | Use of Power, Coherence, and Mu Desynchronization β Social Development | Coherence has also served as a neural tool in relation to infant social development, specifically inβ¦ |
| 21 | Use of Power, Coherence, and Mu Desynchronization β Social Development | Mu desynchronization has been used as a neural measure in studies of infantsβ action perceptionβ¦ |
| 22 | Use of Power, Coherence, and Mu Desynchronization β Social Development | From behavioral work, it is known that motor experience plays an important role in socialβ¦ |
| 23 | Conclusion | As reviewed here, research utilizing power, coherence, and mu desynchronization provides great⦠|
| 24 | Conclusion | of neural measures in research on these cross-domain relations may further clarify the complex⦠|
| 25 | Author Contributions | Conceived and wrote the paper: SG, BR-S, and EN. |
| 26 | Conflict of Interest Statement | The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial⦠|
β Prev
21β27 of 27
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
| Citation | PMID | DOI | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| ArnsteinD.CuiF.KeysersC.MauritsN. M.GazzolaV. (2011). ΞΌ-Suppression during action observation and execution correlates with BOLD in dorsal premotor, inferior parietal, and SI cortices. J. Neurosci. 31 14243β14249. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0963-11.201121976509PMC6623646 | β | β | β |
| BastosA. M.SchoffelenJ.-M. (2016). A tutorial review of functional connectivity analysis methods and their interpretational pitfalls. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 9:175 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00175PMC470522426778976 | β | β | β |
| BellM. A. (1998). βThe ontogeny of the EEG during infancy and childhood: implications for cognitive development,β in Neuroimaging in Child Neuropsychiatric Disorders, ed. GarreauB. (Berlin: Springer-Verlag), 97β111. 10.1007/978-3-642-95848-9 | β | β | β |
| BellM. A. (2001). Brain electrical activity associated with cognitive processing during a looking version of the A-not-B task. Infancy 2 311β330. 10.1207/S15327078IN0203_233451207 | β | β | β |
| BellM. A.CuevasK. (2012). Using EEG to study cognitive development: issues and practices. J. Cogn. Dev. 13 281β294. 10.1080/15248372.2012.69114323144592PMC3491357 | β | β | β |
| BellM. A.FoxN. A. (1992). The relations between frontal brain electrical activity and cognitive development during infancy. Child Dev. 63 1142β1163. 10.2307/11315231446545 | β | β | β |
| BellM. A.FoxN. A. (1996). Crawling experience is related to changes in cortical organization during infancy: evidence from EEG coherence. Dev. Psychobiol. 29 551β561. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(199611)29:7<551::AID-DEV1>3.0.CO;2-T8911771 | β | β | β |
| BellM. A.FoxN. A. (1997). Individual differences in object permanence performance at 8 months: locomotor experience and brain electrical activity. Dev. Psychobiol. 31 287β297.9413676 | β | β | β |
| BellM. A.WolfeC. D. (2007). Changes in brain functioning from infancy to early childhood: evidence from EEG power and coherence during working memory tasks. Dev. Neuropsychol. 31 21β38. 10.1080/8756564070933688517305436 | β | β | β |
| BiringenZ.EmdeR. N.CamposJ. J.AppelbaumM. I. (1995). Affective reorganization in the infant, the mother, and the dyad: the role of upright locomotion and its timing. Child Dev. 66 499β514. 10.2307/11315937750380 | β | β | β |
| BornsteinM. H.HahnC.-S.SuwalskyJ. T. D. (2013). Physically developed and exploratory young infants contribute to their own long-term academic achievement. Psychol. Sci. 24 1906β1917. 10.1177/095679761347997423964000PMC4151610 | β | β | β |
| BraadbaartL.WilliamsJ. H. G.WaiterG. D. (2013). Do mirror neuron areas mediate mu rhythm suppression during imitation and action observation? Int. J. Psychophysiol. 89 99β105. 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.01923756148 | β | β | β |
| BrandoneA. C. (2015). Infantsβ social and motor experience and the emerging understanding of intentional actions. Dev. Psychol. 51 512β523. 10.1037/a003884425689000 | β | β | β |
| BushnellE. W.BoudreauJ. P. (1993). Motor development and the mind: the potential role of motor abilities as a determinant of aspects of perceptual development. Child Dev. 64 1005β1021. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1993.tb04184.x8404253 | β | β | β |
| CalkinsS. D.FoxN. A.MarshallT. R. (1996). Behavioral and physiological antecedents of inhibited and uninhibited behavior. Child Dev. 67 523β540. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1996.tb01749.x8625726 | β | β | β |
| CamposJ. J.AndersonD. I.Barbu-RothM.HubbardE. M.HertensteinM. J.WitheringtonD. (2000). Travel broadens the mind. Infancy 1 149β219. 10.1207/S15327078IN010232680291 | β | β | β |
| CamposJ. J.KennoianR.ZumbahlenM. R. (1992). Socioemotional transformations in the family system following infant crawling onset. New Dir. Child Dev. 1992 25β40. 10.1002/cd.232199255041608513 | β | β | β |
| CannonE. N.SimpsonE. A.FoxN. A.VanderwertR. E.WoodwardA. L.FerrariP. F. (2015). Relations between infantsβ emerging reach-grasp competence and event-related desynchronization in EEG. Dev. Sci. 19 50β62. 10.1111/desc.1229525754667PMC7470427 | β | β | β |
| CannonE. N.YooK. H.VanderwertR. E.FerrariP. F.WoodwardA. L.FoxN. A. (2014). Action experience, more than observation, influences mu rhythm desynchronization. PLoS ONE 9:e92002 10.1371/journal.pone.0092002PMC396387624663967 | β | β | β |
| ClearfieldM. W. (2011). Learning to walk changes infantsβ social interactions. Infant Behav. Dev. 34 15β25. 10.1016/j.infbeh.2010.04.00820478619 | β | β | β |
| CorbettaD.FriedmanD. R.BellM. A. (2014). Brain reorganization as a function of walking experience in 12-month-old infants: implications for the development of manual laterality. Front. Psychol. 5:245 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00245PMC396874824711801 | β | β | β |
| CuevasK.CannonE. N.YooK.FoxN. A. (2014). The infant EEG mu rhythm: methodological considerations and best practices. Dev. Rev. 34 26β43. 10.1016/j.dr.2013.12.00124563573PMC3927793 | β | β | β |
| CuevasK.SwinglerM. M.BellM. A.MarcovitchS.CalkinsS. D. (2012). Measures of frontal functioning and the emergence of inhibitory control processes at 10 months of age. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 2 235β243. 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.01.00222483073PMC3322365 | β | β | β |
| DavidsonR. J.FoxN. A. (1989). Frontal brain asymmetry predicts infantsβ response to maternal separation. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 98 127β131. 10.1037/0021-843X.98.2.1272708653 | β | β | β |
| DiamondA. (1990). The development and neural bases of memory functions as indexed by the AB and delayed response tasks in human infants and infant monkeys. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 608 267β309; discussion 309β317. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48900.x2127511 | β | β | β |
| FoxN. A.HendersonH. A.RubinK. H.CalkinsS. D.SchmidtL. A. (2001). Continuity and discontinuity of behavioral inhibition and exuberance: psychophysiological and behavioral influences across the first four years of life. Child Dev. 72 1β21. 10.1111/1467-8624.0026211280472 | β | β | β |
| GrazianoM. (2006). The organization of behavioral repertoire in motor cortex. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 29 105β134. 10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.11292416776581 | β | β | β |
| GustafsonG. E. (1984). Effects of the ability to locomote on infantsβ social and exploratory behaviors: an experimental study. Dev. Psychol. 20 397β405. 10.1037//0012-1649.20.3.397 | β | β | β |
| HaneA. A.HendersonH. A.Reeb-SutherlandB. C.FoxN. A. (2010). Ordinary variations in human maternal caregiving in infancy and biobehavioral development in early childhood: a follow-up study. Dev. Psychobiol. 52 558β567. 10.1002/dev.2046120806328PMC4822519 | β | β | β |
| HendersonH. A.FoxN. A.RubinK. H. (2001). Temperamental contributions to social behavior: the moderating roles of frontal EEG asymmetry and gender. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 40 68β74. 10.1097/00004583-200101000-0001811195566 | β | β | β |
| KarasikL. B.Tamis-LemondaC. S.AdolphK. E. (2014). Crawling and walking infants elicit different verbal responses from mothers. Dev. Sci. 3 1β8. 10.1111/desc.12129PMC399762424314018 | β | β | β |
| KermoianR.CamposJ. J. (1988). Locomotor experience: a facilitator of spatial cognitive development. Child Dev. 59 908β917. 10.2307/11302583168629 | β | β | β |
| LibertusK.NeedhamA. (2011). Reaching experience increases face preference in 3-month-old infants. Dev. Sci. 14 1355β1364. 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01084.x22010895PMC3888836 | β | β | β |
| MarshallP. J.Bar-HaimY.FoxN. A. (2002). Development of the EEG from 5 months to 4 years of age. Clin. Neurophysiol. 113 1199β1208. 10.1016/S1388-2457(02)00163-312139998 | β | β | β |
| MarshallP. J.YoungT.MeltzoffA. N. (2011). Neural correlates of action observation and execution in 14-month-old infants: an event-related EEG desynchronization study. Dev. Sci. 14 474β480. 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00991.x21477187PMC3106425 | β | β | β |
| MizunoT.YamauchiN.WatanabeA.KomatsushiroM.TakagiT.IinumaK. (1970). Maturation patterns of EEG basic waves of healthy infants under twelve-months of age. Tohoku J. Exp. Med. 102 91β98. 10.1620/tjem.102.915495067 | β | β | β |
| MundyP.CardJ.FoxN. (2000). EEG correlates of the development of infant joint attention skills. Dev. Psychobiol. 36 325β338. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2302(200005)36:4<325::AID-DEV7>3.0.CO;2-F10797253 | β | β | β |
| MundyP.FoxN.CardJ. (2003). EEG coherence, joint attention and language development in the second year. Dev. Sci. 6 48β54. 10.1111/1467-7687.00253 | β | β | β |
| NelsonE. L.CampbellJ. M.MichelG. F. (2014). Early handedness in infancy predicts language ability in toddlers. Dev. Psychol. 50 809β814. 10.1037/a003380323855258PMC4059533 | β | β | β |
| NunezP. L. (1981). Electric Fields of the Brain: The Neurophysics of EEG. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. | β | β | β |
| NystrΓΆmP.LjunghammarT.RosanderK.Von HofstenC. (2011). Using mu rhythm desynchronization to measure mirror neuron activity in infants. Dev. Sci. 14 327β335. 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00979.x22213903 | β | β | β |
| PinedaJ. A. (2005). The functional significance of mu rhythms: translating βseeingβ and βhearingβ into βdoing.β Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 50 57β68. 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.04.00515925412 | β | β | β |
| ReidV. M.StrianoT.IacoboniM. (2011). Neural correlates of dyadic interaction during infancy. Dev. Cogn. Neurosci. 1 124β130. 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.01.00122436436PMC6987537 | β | β | β |
| SabyJ. N.MarshallP. J.MeltzoffA. N. (2012). Neural correlates of being imitated: an EEG study in preverbal infants. Soc. Neurosci. 7 650β661. 10.1080/17470919.2012.69142922646701PMC3434237 | β | β | β |
| SmithL. B.ThelenE. (2003). Development as a dynamic system. Trends Cogn. Sci. 7 343β348. 10.1016/S1364-6613(03)00156-612907229 | β | β | β |
| SmithL. B.ThelenE.TitzerR.McLinD. (1999). Knowing in the context of acting: the task dynamics of the A-not-B error. Psychol. Rev. 106 235β260. 10.1037/0033-295X.106.2.23510378013 | β | β | β |
| SommervilleJ. A.WoodwardA. L.NeedhamA. (2005). Action experience alters 3-month-old infantsβ perception of othersβ actions. Cognition 96 1β11. 10.1016/j.cognition.2004.07.00415833301PMC3908452 | β | β | β |
| SoskaK. C.AdolphK. E. (2014). Postural position constrains multimodal object exploration in infants. Infancy 19 138β161. 10.1111/infa.1203924639621PMC3951720 | β | β | β |
| SoskaK. C.AdolphK. E.JohnsonS. P. (2010). Systems in development: motor skill acquisition facilitates three-dimensional object completion. Dev. Psychol. 46 129β138. 10.1037/a001461820053012PMC2805173 | β | β | β |
| SouthgateV.JohnsonM. H.KarouiI. E.CsibraG. (2010). Motor system activation reveals infantsβ on-line prediction of othersβ goals. Psychol. Sci. 21 355β359. 10.1177/095679761036205820424068 | β | β | β |
| SpencerJ. P.PeroneS.BussA. T. (2011). Twenty years and going strong: a dynamic systems revolution in motor and cognitive development. Child Dev. Perspect. 5 260β266. 10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00194.x22125575PMC3224018 | β | β | β |
| ThatcherR. W.WalkerR. A.GiudiceS. (1987). Human cerebral hemispheres develop at different rates and ages. Science 236 1110β1113. 10.1126/science.35762243576224 | β | β | β |
| ThorpeS. G.CannonE. N.FoxN. A. (2015). Spectral and source structural development of mu and alpha rhythms from infancy through adulthood. Clin. Neurophysiol. 127 254β269. 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.03.00425910852PMC4818120 | β | β | β |
| van ElkM.van SchieH. T.HunniusS.VesperC.BekkeringH. (2008). Youβll never crawl alone: neurophysiological evidence for experience-dependent motor resonance in infancy. Neuroimage 43 808β814. 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.07.05718760368 | β | β | β |
| VanderwertR. E.FoxN. A.FerrariP. F. (2013). The mirror mechanism and mu rhythm in social development. Neurosci. Lett. 540 15β20. 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.10.00623063953PMC3612380 | β | β | β |
| WalleE.CamposJ. J. (2014). Infant language development is related to the acquisition of walking. Dev. Psychol. 50 336β348. 10.1037/a003323823750505 | β | β | β |
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol use disorder is associated with altered frontomedial phase-amplitude coupling strength during resting state. | 2026 | 41657495 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol use disorder is associated with altered frontomedial phase-amplitude coupling strength during resting state. | Richard CD et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Alcohol use disorder is associated with altered frontomedial phase-amplitude coupling strength during resting state | Richard C et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Home visit-based baby tailored support program for infants. | Shin H et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| [Features of the formation of interzonal connections of the brain according to quantitative electroencephalography in full-term and premature infants]. | Savelyeva NA et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neural correlates of familiar and unfamiliar action in infancy. | Chung H et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Electroencephalography measures of relative power and coherence as reaching skill emerges in infants born preterm. | Nishiyori R et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Factors moderating the link between early childhood non-parental care and ADHD symptoms. | Tong L et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Mu Rhythm during Standing and Walking Is Altered in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Compared to Children with Typical Development. | George KA et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| A Look Into the Power of fNIRS Signals by Using the Welch Power Spectral Estimate for Deception Detection. | Zhang J et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Cognitive and Motor Outcomes of Children With Prenatal Opioid Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. | Yeoh SL et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Electroencephalography power and coherence changes with age and motor skill development across the first half year of life. | Xiao R et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| A Within-subjects Experimental Protocol to Assess the Effects of Social Input on Infant EEG. | St John AM et al. | β | 2017 | β |