Parallel and interactive learning processes within the basal ganglia: relevance for the understanding of addiction.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Belin, David; Jonkman, Sietse; Dickinson, Anthony; Robbins, Trevor W; Everitt, Barry J
- Year
- 2009
- Journal
- Behavioural brain research
- PMID
- 18950658
- DOI
- 10.1016/j.bbr.2008.09.027
In this review we discuss the evidence that drug addiction, defined as a maladaptive compulsive habit, results from the progressive subversion by addictive drugs of striatum-dependent operant and Pavlovian learning mechanisms that are usually involved in the control over behaviour by stimuli associated with natural reinforcement. Although mainly organized through segregated parallel cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical loops involved in motor or emotional functions, the basal ganglia, and especially the striatum, are key mediators of the modulation of behavioural responses, under the control of both action-outcome and stimulus-response mechanisms, by incentive motivational processes and Pavlovian associations. Here we suggest that protracted exposure to addictive drugs recruits serial and dopamine-dependent, striato-nigro-striatal ascending spirals from the nucleus accumbens to more dorsal regions of the striatum that underlie a shift from action-outcome to stimulus-response mechanisms in the control over drug seeking. When this progressive ventral to dorsal striatum shift is combined with drug-associated Pavlovian influences from limbic structures such as the amygdala and the orbitofrontal cortex, drug seeking behaviour becomes established as an incentive habit. This instantiation of implicit sub-cortical processing of drug-associated stimuli and instrumental responding might be a key mechanism underlying the development of compulsive drug seeking and the high vulnerability to relapse which are hallmarks of drug addiction.
No figures extracted from this document.
No chunks β full text not yet ingested.
No entities extracted from this document yet.
No uploaded files.
Not in any collection.
No citations found.
In this knowledge base
| Title | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol and basal ganglia circuitry: Animal models. | 2017 | 28341206 |
| The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. | 2017 | 28938182 |
External
| Title | Authors | Journal | Year | Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cannabidiol mitigates alcohol dependence and withdrawal with neuroprotective effects in the basolateral amygdala and striatum. | Dirik S et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Nicotine produces a sex- and subregion-specific hypoglutamatergic state in rodent amygdala which can be reversed by motor-skill training. | Lucente E et al. | β | 2026 | β |
| Abnormal ventromedial-to-dorsolateral hierarchical topography of striatal circuits in cocaine use disorder and its modulations by brain stimulation. | Zhang R et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Beyond the Illusion of Controlled Environments: How to Embrace Ecological Pertinence in Research? | Vielle C | β | 2025 | β |
| Drug-Related Engrams and Their Role in the Persistence and Recurrence of Drug-Related Behaviors. | Cutler M et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Framing as a mechanism to overcome the temptation of bad habits. | Wang S et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Repeated alcohol drinking in mice is associated with bidirectional alterations in corticostriatal coherence. | Ardinger CE et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| The Implementation of the Biopsychosocial Model: Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. | Hinostroza F et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| The Incentive-Sensitization Theory of Addiction 30 Years On. | Robinson TE et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| The Use of Internal States to Guide Behavior Is Associated with Functional Engagement of the Anterior Insula in Male Rats. | Puaud M et al. | β | 2025 | β |
| Adolescents flexibly adapt action selection based on controllability inferences. | Raab HA et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Effects of cannabidiol on reward contextual memories induced by cocaine in male and female mice. | BriΓ’nis RC et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Genomic factors associated with substance use disorder relapse: A critical review. | Al-Marzooqi N et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Mesocorticolimbic system reactivity to alcohol use-related visual cues as a function of alcohol sensitivity phenotype: A pilot fMRI study. | CofresΓ RU et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The behavioral origins of phylogenic responses and ontogenic habits. | Stahlman WD et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| The primate putamen processes cognitive flexibility alongside the caudate and ventral striatum with similar speeds of updating values. | An SY et al. | β | 2024 | β |
| Automaticity: schema modes in addiction. | Boog M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Cocaine Exposure Increases Excitatory Synaptic Transmission and Intrinsic Excitability in the Basolateral Amygdala in Male and Female Rats and across the Estrous Cycle. | Corbett CM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Differential alterations in brain structural network organization during addiction between adolescents and adults. | Joo Y et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Dopamine D3 Receptors: A Potential Target to Treat Motivational Deficits in Parkinson's Disease. | Favier M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| How distinct functional insular subdivisions mediate interacting neurocognitive systems. | Zhao H et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Hypodopaminergic state of the nigrostriatal pathway drives compulsive alcohol use. | Goutaudier R et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Linking drug and food addiction: an overview of the shared neural circuits and behavioral phenotype. | Passeri A et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Long-range connectome of pyramidal neurons in the sensorimotor cortex. | Yao M et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| mGlu5 inhibition in the basolateral amygdala prevents estrous cycle-dependent changes in cue-induced cocaine seeking. | Corbett CM et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Static and dynamic changes of intrinsic brain local connectivity in internet gaming disorder. | Niu X et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| The acute effects of psychoactive drugs on emotional episodic memory encoding, consolidation, and retrieval: A comprehensive review. | Doss MK et al. | β | 2023 | β |
| Acute and chronic effects by nicotine on striatal neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the female rat brain. | Lucente E et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Adjunctive Management of Opioid Withdrawal with the Nonopioid Medication Cannabidiol. | Kudrich C et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Alcohol Use Disorder: Neurobiology and Therapeutics. | Yang W et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| An insula hierarchical network architecture for active interoceptive inference. | Fermin ASR et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Basal ganglia: From the bench to the bed. | Burbaud P et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cerebellar and basal ganglia motor network predicts trait depression and hyperactivity. | Jackson TB et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cingulate circuits are associated with escalation of heroin use and naloxone-induced increases in heroin self-administration. | Scarlata MJ et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Doing whatβs not wanted: conflict in incentives and misallocation of behavioural control lead to drug-seeking despite adverse outcomes | Mahajan P et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Lesions of nucleus accumbens shell abolish socially transmitted food preferences. | Noguer-CalabΓΊs I et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Medial septum activation improves strategy switching once strategies are well-learned via bidirectional regulation of dopamine neuron population activity. | Bortz DM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Negative Urgency Exacerbates Relapse to Cocaine Seeking After Abstinence. | Fouyssac M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neurobiological mechanisms and related clinical treatment of addiction: a review. | Fang Y et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Neuropsychiatric Model of Addiction Simplified. | Compton WM et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| The role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the motivational control of instrumental action. | Ge M et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Translational profiling of mouse dopaminoceptive neurons reveals region-specific gene expression, exon usage, and striatal prostaglandin E2 modulatory effects. | Montalban E et al. | β | 2022 | β |
| Cell-Type-Specific Adaptions in Striatal Medium-Sized Spiny Neurons and Their Roles in Behavioral Responses to Drugs of Abuse. | Allichon MC et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Chemogenetic Activation of Mesoaccumbal Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Projections Selectively Tunes Responses to Predictive Cues When Reward Value Is Abruptly Decreased. | Wakabayashi KT et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Consolidating the Circuit Model for Addiction. | LΓΌscher C et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Corticostriatal Activity Driving Compulsive Reward Seeking. | Harada M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Model-Based Planning and Risky Drinking. | Corlett PR | β | 2021 | β |
| Neurobiology of alcohol seeking behavior. | Domi E et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Neuroplasticity and Multilevel System of Connections Determine the Integrative Role of Nucleus Accumbens in the Brain Reward System. | Bayassi-Jakowicka M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Persistent dependent behaviour is accompanied by dynamic switching between the ventral and dorsal striatal connections in internet gaming disorder. | Wang M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| RGS14 Regulation of Post-Synaptic Signaling and Spine Plasticity in Brain. | Harbin NH et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Striatonigrostriatal Spirals in Addiction. | Sivils A et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Thalamostriatal System Controls the Acquisition, Performance, and Flexibility of Learning Behavior. | Kato S et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The Basolateral Amygdala to Nucleus Accumbens Core Circuit Mediates the Conditioned Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine-Paired Cues on Cocaine Seeking. | Puaud M et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The changing opioid crisis: development, challenges and opportunities. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| The cue-reactivity paradigm: An ensemble of networks driving attention and cognition when viewing drug and natural reward-related stimuli. | Hill-Bowen LD et al. | β | 2021 | β |
| Dimensions of pain catastrophising and specific structural and functional alterations in patients with chronic pain: Evidence in medication-overuse headache. | Christidi F et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| fMRI detects bilateral brain network activation following unilateral chemogenetic activation of direct striatal projection neurons. | Nakamura Y et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| From Signaling Molecules to Circuits and Behaviors: Cell-Type-Specific Adaptations to Psychostimulant Exposure in the Striatum. | Salery M et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| The basal ganglia and the cerebellum in human emotion. | Pierce JE et al. | β | 2020 | β |
| Aberrant features of in vivo striatal dynamics in Parkinson's disease. | Lee K et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Acute and chronic modulation of striatal endocannabinoid-mediated plasticity by nicotine. | Adermark L et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| A study on the correlates of habit-, reward-, and fear-related motivations in alcohol use disorder. | Piquet-PessΓ΄a M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Beyond drug-induced alteration of glutamate homeostasis, astrocytes may contribute to dopamine-dependent intrastriatal functional shifts that underlie the development of drug addiction: A working hypothesis. | Fouyssac M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Compulsivity in Alcohol Use Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Implications for Neuromodulation. | Burchi E et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Contrasting patterns of ERK activation in the tail of the striatum in response to aversive and rewarding signals. | Gangarossa G et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Cue Reactivity in the Ventral Striatum Characterizes Heavy Cannabis Use, Whereas Reactivity in the Dorsal Striatum Mediates Dependent Use. | Zhou X et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Dorsal Striatal Circuits for Habits, Compulsions and Addictions. | Lipton DM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Drinking despite adversity: behavioral evidence for a head down and push strategy of conflict-resistant alcohol drinking in rats. | Darevsky D et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Dystonia and dopamine: From phenomenology to pathophysiology. | Ribot B et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Elevated Brain Iron in Cocaine Use Disorder as Indexed by Magnetic Field Correlation Imaging. | Adisetiyo V et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Emotional Theory of Rationality. | GarcΓ©s M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Increased Nucleus Accumbens Volume in College Binge Drinkers - Preliminary Evidence From Manually Segmented MRI Analysis. | Sousa SS et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Lesions of the Patch Compartment of Dorsolateral Striatum Disrupt Stimulus-Response Learning. | Jenrette TA et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| MR-based age-related effects on the striatum, globus pallidus, and thalamus in healthy individuals across the adult lifespan. | Tullo S et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Pharmacological modulation of the behavioral effects of social defeat in memory and learning in male mice. | Blanco-Gandia MC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Refractory dependence on opioid analgesics. | Ballantyne JC et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Sex differences in incentive motivation and the relationship to the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders. | Barker JM et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| Stressful life events are associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability in alcohol dependence. | Sebold M et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| The Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis, Homeostatic Satiety, and Compulsions: What Can We Learn From Polydipsia? | Banasikowski TJ et al. | β | 2019 | β |
| A natural history of skills. | Boraud T et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Animal models of psychoactive drug use and addiction - Present problems and future needs for translational approaches. | MΓΌller CP | β | 2018 | β |
| Chronic alcohol exposure disrupts top-down control over basal ganglia action selection to produce habits. | Renteria R et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Craving behavioral intervention for internet gaming disorder: remediation of functional connectivity of the ventral striatum. | Zhang JT et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Defining the place of habit in substance use disorders. | Vandaele Y et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Drug Cues, Conditioned Reinforcement, and Drug Seeking: The Sequelae of a Collaborative Venture With Athina Markou. | Everitt BJ | β | 2018 | β |
| Habit Formation and the Striatum. | Knowlton BJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Hypernatural Monitoring: A Social Rehearsal Account of Smartphone Addiction. | VeissiΓ¨re SPL et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Neural Correlates of Compulsive Alcohol Seeking in Heavy Drinkers. | Grodin EN et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Reconsolidation blockade for the treatment of addiction: challenges, new targets, and opportunities. | Exton-McGuinness MTJ et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Supra-Additive Effects of Combining Fat and Carbohydrate on Food Reward. | DiFeliceantonio AG et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The Action Representation Elicited by Different Types of Drug-Related Cues in Heroin-Abstinent Individuals. | Zeng H et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The pathophysiological mechanisms of motivational deficits in Parkinson's disease. | Chagraoui A et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| The role of stress-reactivity, stress-recovery and risky decision-making in psychosocial stress-induced alcohol consumption in social drinkers. | Clay JM et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Theta-burst modulation of mid-ventrolateral prefrontal cortex affects salience coding in the human ventral tegmental area. | Ulrich M et al. | β | 2018 | β |
| Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment: A reverse translational approach. | Kwako LE et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Adenylyl Cyclase 1 Is Required for Ethanol-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Associated Increases in NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation and Function in the Dorsal Medial Striatum. | Bosse KE et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Alcohol and basal ganglia circuitry: Animal models. | Lovinger DM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Alterations of expression of inflammation/immune-related genes in the dorsal and ventral striatum of adult C57BL/6J mice following chronic oxycodone self-administration: a RNA sequencing study. | Zhang Y et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Associative and sensorimotor cortico-basal ganglia circuit roles in effects of abused drugs. | Gremel CM et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Associative learning contributes to the increased water intake observed after daily injections of angiotensin II. | Postolache M et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Blunted Dopamine Transmission in Addiction: Potential Mechanisms and Implications for Behavior. | Trifilieff P et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Buprenorphine-naloxone treatment responses differ between young adults with heroin and prescription opioid use disorders. | Romero-Gonzalez M et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Dopamine D<sub>4</sub> receptor stimulation prevents nigrostriatal dopamine pathway activation by morphine: relevance for drug addiction. | Rivera A et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Impaired executive control and reward circuit in Internet gaming addicts under a delay discounting task: independent component analysis. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Learning relative values in the striatum induces violations of normative decision making. | Klein TA et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Motivational neural circuits underlying reinforcement learning. | Averbeck BB et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Neurobiological Basis of Individual Variation in Stimulus-Reward Learning. | Flagel SB et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Neuroimaging the neural correlates of increased risk for substance use disorders in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-A systematic review. | Adisetiyo V et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Nicotine-induced and D1-receptor-dependent dendritic remodeling in a subset of dorsolateral striatum medium spiny neurons. | Ehlinger DG et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Role of Dorsomedial Striatum Neuronal Ensembles in Incubation of Methamphetamine Craving after Voluntary Abstinence. | Caprioli D et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The genetic epidemiology of substance use disorder: A review. | Prom-Wormley EC et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| The Role of Dopamine D1 and D3 Receptors in N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)/GlycineB Site-Regulated Complex Cognitive Behaviors following Repeated Morphine Administration. | Wang Y et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| Ventral striatum lesions do not affect reinforcement learning with deterministic outcomes on slow time scales. | Vicario-Feliciano R et al. | β | 2017 | β |
| A comprehensive excitatory input map of the striatum reveals novel functional organization. | Hunnicutt BJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Activational and effort-related aspects of motivation: neural mechanisms and implications for psychopathology. | Salamone JD et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Addiction History Associates with the Propensity to Form Habits. | McKim TH et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Appetitive Pavlovian-instrumental Transfer: A review. | Cartoni E et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Brain circuitry of compulsivity. | van den Heuvel OA et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Cocaine Self-Administration Experience Induces Pathological Phasic Accumbens Dopamine Signals and Abnormal Incentive Behaviors in Drug-Abstinent Rats. | Saddoris MP et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Dorsolateral neostriatum contribution to incentive salience: opioid or dopamine stimulation makes one reward cue more motivationally attractive than another. | DiFeliceantonio AG et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Drug addiction: An affective-cognitive disorder in need of a cure. | Fattore L et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Drug Addiction: Updating Actions to Habits to Compulsions Ten Years On. | Everitt BJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Goal-Directed Behavior and Instrumental Devaluation: A Neural System-Level Computational Model. | Mannella F et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Habit formation. | Smith KS et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| How Preclinical Models Evolved to Resemble the Diagnostic Criteria of Drug Addiction. | Belin-Rauscent A et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| In search of predictive endophenotypes in addiction: insights from preclinical research. | Belin D et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Memory Systems and the Addicted Brain. | Goodman J et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Mesolimbic Dopamine and the Regulation of Motivated Behavior. | Salamone JD et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Motivational Processes Underlying Substance Abuse Disorder. | Meyer PJ et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. | Koob GF et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Re-silencing of silent synapses unmasks anti-relapse effects of environmental enrichment. | Ma YY et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Reward-Based Spatial Learning in Teens With Bulimia Nervosa. | Cyr M et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Temporal Rewiring of Striatal Circuits Initiated by Nicotine. | Adermark L et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Terminal Dopamine Release Kinetics in the Accumbens Core and Shell Are Distinctly Altered after Withdrawal from Cocaine Self-Administration. | Saddoris MP | β | 2016 | β |
| The BDNF Valine 68 to Methionine Polymorphism Increases Compulsive Alcohol Drinking in Mice That Is Reversed by Tropomyosin Receptor Kinase B Activation. | Warnault V et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The motor way: Clinical implications of understanding and shaping actions with the motor system in autism and drug addiction. | Casartelli L et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| The propositional basis of cue-controlled reward seeking. | Seabrooke T et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Using model systems to understand errant plasticity mechanisms in psychiatric disorders. | Averbeck BB et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| What can rodent models tell us about apathy and associated neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease? | Magnard R et al. | β | 2016 | β |
| Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity of the nucleus accumbens in multi-year abstinent heroin addicts. | Zou F et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Active Inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control. | Pezzulo G et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| A reward-centred model of anorexia nervosa: a focussed narrative review of the neurological and psychophysiological literature. | O'Hara CB et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Basolateral and central amygdala differentially recruit and maintain dorsolateral striatum-dependent cocaine-seeking habits. | Murray JE et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Changes in corticostriatal connectivity during reinforcement learning in humans. | Horga G et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. On functional and compulsive aspects of reinforcement pathologies. | Brevers D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Differential effects of clozapine, metoclopramide, haloperidol and risperidone on acquisition and performance of operant responding in rats. | Baker TW et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Dopamine D1 receptor blockade impairs alcohol seeking without reducing dorsal striatal activation to cues of alcohol availability. | Fanelli RR et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Dopamine Prediction Errors in Reward Learning and Addiction: From Theory to Neural Circuitry. | Keiflin R et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Dopaminergic Regulation of Striatal Interneurons in Reward and Addiction: Focus on Alcohol. | Clarke R et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Downregulation of the endogenous opioid peptides in the dorsal striatum of human alcoholics. | Sarkisyan D et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Endocannabinoids and striatal function: implications for addiction-related behaviours. | Moreira FA et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Incubation of methamphetamine craving is associated with selective increases in expression of Bdnf and trkb, glutamate receptors, and epigenetic enzymes in cue-activated fos-expressing dorsal striatal neurons. | Li X et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Mechanisms of Neuroplasticity and Ethanol's Effects on Plasticity in the Striatum and Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis. | Lovinger DM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Predictors of delay discounting among smokers: education level and a Utility Measure of Cigarette Reinforcement Efficacy are better predictors than demographics, smoking characteristics, executive functioning, impulsivity, or time perception. | Wilson AG et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The challenge of understanding the brain: where we stand in 2015. | Lisman J | β | 2015 | β |
| The Nucleus Accumbens: A Comprehensive Review. | Salgado S et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The Relationship Between Specific Pavlovian Instrumental Transfer and Instrumental Reward Probability. | Cartoni E et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| The striatum: where skills and habits meet. | Graybiel AM et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Toward sophisticated basal ganglia neuromodulation: Review on basal ganglia deep brain stimulation. | Da Cunha C et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Why do liver transplant patients so often become obese? The addiction transfer hypothesis. | Brunault P et al. | β | 2015 | β |
| Addiction science: Uncovering neurobiological complexity. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Cellular, molecular, and genetic substrates underlying the impact of nicotine on learning. | Gould TJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Cocaine-induced neuroadaptations in the dorsal striatum: glutamate dynamics and behavioral sensitization. | Parikh V et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Dopamine neurons control striatal cholinergic neurons via regionally heterogeneous dopamine and glutamate signaling. | Chuhma N et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Dorsal and ventral streams: the distinct role of striatal subregions in the acquisition and performance of goal-directed actions. | Hart G et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Ethanol exposure interacts with training conditions to influence behavioral adaptation to a negative instrumental contingency. | Mangieri RA et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Factors modulating neural reactivity to drug cues in addiction: a survey of human neuroimaging studies. | Jasinska AJ et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Habit formation: implications for alcoholism research. | O'Tousa D et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| How do we 'learn' addiction? Risk factors and mechanisms getting addicted to alcohol. | HΓ€gele C et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Imaging addiction: D2 receptors and dopamine signaling in the striatum as biomarkers for impulsivity. | Trifilieff P et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Investigating habits: strategies, technologies and models. | Smith KS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Lateral and feedforward inhibition suppress asynchronous activity in a large, biophysically-detailed computational model of the striatal network. | Moyer JT et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Loss of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons accounts for the motivational and affective deficits in Parkinson's disease. | Drui G et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Mechanisms of motivation-cognition interaction: challenges and opportunities. | Braver TS et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Model-based and model-free decisions in alcohol dependence. | Sebold M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Neurons in the ventral striatum exhibit cell-type-specific representations of outcome during learning. | Atallah HE et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Phosphodiesterase 10A regulates alcohol and saccharin self-administration in rats. | Logrip ML et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Pramipexole reverses Parkinson's disease-related motivational deficits in rats. | Favier M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Role of nucleus accumbens in neuropathic pain: linked multi-scale evidence in the rat transitioning to neuropathic pain. | Chang PC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Role of the plasticity-associated transcription factor zif268 in the early phase of instrumental learning. | Maroteaux M et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The neural network underlying incentive-based learning: implications for interpreting circuit disruptions in psychiatric disorders. | Haber SN et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| The place of dopamine in the cortico-basal ganglia circuit. | Haber SN | β | 2014 | β |
| The roles of the nucleus accumbens core, dorsomedial striatum, and dorsolateral striatum in learning: performance and extinction of Pavlovian fear-conditioned responses and instrumental avoidance responses. | Wendler E et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Ventral striatum lesions enhance stimulus and response encoding in dorsal striatum. | Burton AC et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Winner takes it all: addiction as an example for selfish goal dominance. | MΓΌller CP et al. | β | 2014 | β |
| Addiction: failure of control over maladaptive incentive habits. | Belin D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A multistep general theory of transition to addiction. | Piazza PV et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A neurocognitive approach to understanding the neurobiology of addiction. | NoΓ«l X et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| A triadic neurocognitive approach to addiction for clinical interventions. | NoΓ«l X et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Cocaine-induced adaptations in D1 and D2 accumbens projection neurons (a dichotomy not necessarily synonymous with direct and indirect pathways). | Smith RJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Common and distinct neural targets of treatment: changing brain function in substance addiction. | Konova AB et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Delta opioid receptors in brain function and diseases. | Chu Sin Chung P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Desire versus efficacy in smokers' paradoxical reactions to pictorial health warnings for cigarettes. | Romer D et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Dopamine and food addiction: lexicon badly needed. | Salamone JD et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum exhibit distinct phasic neuronal activity during alcohol self-administration in rats. | Fanelli RR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Episodic memories and their relevance for psychoactive drug use and addiction. | MΓΌller CP | β | 2013 | β |
| From the ventral to the dorsal striatum: devolving views of their roles in drug addiction. | Everitt BJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Goals and habits in the brain. | Dolan RJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Imaging impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease and their relationship to addiction. | Ray NJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Imbalanced decision hierarchy in addicts emerging from drug-hijacked dopamine spiraling circuit. | Keramati M et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Impulsive choice behavior in four strains of rats: evaluation of possible models of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. | Garcia A et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Increasing dopamine D2 receptor expression in the adult nucleus accumbens enhances motivation. | Trifilieff P et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Individual differences and social influences on the neurobehavioral pharmacology of abused drugs. | Bardo MT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Individual variation in resisting temptation: implications for addiction. | Saunders BT et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Involvement of protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system in opiate addictive behaviors. | Massaly N et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Maturation of silent synapses in amygdala-accumbens projection contributes to incubation of cocaine craving. | Lee BR et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Rapid dopamine dynamics in the accumbens core and shell: learning and action. | Saddoris MP et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Recent developments in animal models of drug relapse. | Marchant NJ et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Targeting cocaine versus heroin memories: divergent roles within ventromedial prefrontal cortex. | Peters J et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain. | Fernando AB et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The contributions of value-based decision-making and attentional bias to alcohol-seeking following devaluation. | Rose AK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The effects of N-methyl D-aspartate and B-adrenergic receptor antagonists on the reconsolidation of reward memory: a meta-analysis. | Das RK et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| The Impact of Caffeine on the Behavioral Effects of Ethanol Related to Abuse and Addiction: A Review of Animal Studies. | LΓ³pez-Cruz L et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Unbalanced neuronal circuits in addiction. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Updating appetitive memory during reconsolidation window: critical role of cue-directed behavior and amygdala central nucleus. | Olshavsky ME et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Using optogenetics to study habits. | Smith KS et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| ΞΌ-Opioid receptors within subregions of the striatum mediate pair bond formation through parallel yet distinct reward mechanisms. | Resendez SL et al. | β | 2013 | β |
| Abnormal brain structure implicated in stimulant drug addiction. | Ersche KD et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Active and passive MDMA ('ecstasy') intake induces differential transcriptional changes in the mouse brain. | FernΓ ndez-Castillo N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Adenosine A(2A)-cannabinoid CB(1) receptor interaction: an integrative mechanism in striatal glutamatergic neurotransmission. | Tebano MT et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Alcohol-related effects on automaticity due to experimentally manipulated conditioning. | Gladwin TE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Alpha7-nicotinic receptors modulate nicotine-induced reinforcement and extracellular dopamine outflow in the mesolimbic system in mice. | Besson M et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Association of time-dependent changes in mu opioid receptor mRNA, but not BDNF, TrkB, or MeCP2 mRNA and protein expression in the rat nucleus accumbens with incubation of heroin craving. | Theberge FR et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Automaticity and multiple memory systems. | Ashby FG et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Changes in nucleus accumbens and neostriatal c-Fos and DARPP-32 immunoreactivity during different stages of food-reinforced instrumental training. | Segovia KN et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Decomposing effects of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease on probabilistic action selection--learning or performance? | Smittenaar P et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Distinct neurochemical adaptations within the nucleus accumbens produced by a history of self-administered vs non-contingently administered intravenous methamphetamine. | Lominac KD et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Dopamine and glutamate release in the dorsolateral caudate putamen following withdrawal from cocaine self-administration in rats. | Gabriele A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Double dissociation of the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatal control over the acquisition and performance of cocaine seeking. | Murray JE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Effect of fenfluramine on reinstatement of food seeking in female and male rats: implications for the predictive validity of the reinstatement model. | Pickens CL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Enhanced dorsolateral striatal activity in drug use: the role of outcome in stimulus-response associations. | Schneck N et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Ethanol-mediated facilitation of AMPA receptor function in the dorsomedial striatum: implications for alcohol drinking behavior. | Wang J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Ethanol seeking by Long Evans rats is not always a goal-directed behavior. | Mangieri RA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Food and drug reward: overlapping circuits in human obesity and addiction. | Volkow ND et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Habitual alcohol seeking: time course and the contribution of subregions of the dorsal striatum. | Corbit LH et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Integrating neurotransmission in striatal medium spiny neurons. | Girault JA | β | 2012 | β |
| Integrating synaptic plasticity and striatal circuit function in addiction. | Grueter BA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Intrastriatal shifts mediate the transition from drug-seeking actions to habits. | Belin-Rauscent A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Linking ADHD, impulsivity, and drug abuse: a neuropsychological perspective. | Urcelay GP et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Neonatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs disrupts striatal synaptic development. | Forcelli PA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Quinpirole elicits differential in vivo changes in the pre- and postsynaptic distributions of dopamine Dβ receptors in mouse striatum: relation to cannabinoid-1 (CBβ) receptor targeting. | Lane DA et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Responses to novelty and vulnerability to cocaine addiction: contribution of a multi-symptomatic animal model. | Belin D et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Sex differences in the neural mechanisms mediating addiction: a new synthesis and hypothesis. | Becker JB et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Sex hormone activity in alcohol addiction: integrating organizational and activational effects. | Lenz B et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Signaling in striatal neurons: the phosphoproteins of reward, addiction, and dyskinesia. | Girault JA | β | 2012 | β |
| Striatal dopamine release codes uncertainty in pathological gambling. | Linnet J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The detrimental effects of emotional process dysregulation on decision-making in substance dependence. | Murphy A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The mesoaccumbens dopamine in coping with stress. | Cabib S et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The mysterious motivational functions of mesolimbic dopamine. | Salamone JD et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The persistence of maladaptive memory: addiction, drug memories and anti-relapse treatments. | Milton AL et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Thorndike's Law 2.0: Dopamine and the Regulation of Thrift. | Beeler JA | β | 2012 | β |
| A comparison of economic demand and conditioned-cued reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking or food-seeking in rats. | Galuska CM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Cocaine-induced plasticity in the nucleus accumbens is cell specific and develops without prolonged withdrawal. | Dobi A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Cortical and striatal contributions to automaticity in information-integration categorization. | Waldschmidt JG et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Disrupting effect of drug-induced reward on spatial but not cue-guided learning: implication of the striatal protein kinase A/cAMP response element-binding protein pathway. | Baudonnat M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Does extinction of responses to cigarette cues occur during smoking cessation? | O'Connell KA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Dopamine signaling in dorsal versus ventral striatum: the dynamic role of cholinergic interneurons. | Threlfell S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Dorsal striatum mediation of cocaine-seeking after withdrawal from short or long daily access cocaine self-administration in rats. | Pacchioni AM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Effects of systemic or nucleus accumbens-directed dopamine D1 receptor antagonism on sucrose seeking in rats. | Grimm JW et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Ethanol-induced effects on the dopamine and serotonin systems in adult Wistar rats are dependent on early-life experiences. | Oreland S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Ethanol-mediated long-lasting adaptations of the NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the dorsomedial striatum. | Wang J et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Human category learning 2.0. | Ashby FG et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Identifying neurobiological phenotypes associated with alcohol use disorder severity. | Claus ED et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Metabolic and hedonic drives in the neural control of appetite: who is the boss? | Berthoud HR | β | 2011 | β |
| Molecular substrates of action control in cortico-striatal circuits. | Shiflett MW et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Neural mechanisms of operant conditioning and learning-induced behavioral plasticity in Aplysia. | Nargeot R et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Neurobiology of the incubation of drug craving. | Pickens CL et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Opiate versus psychostimulant addiction: the differences do matter. | Badiani A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Speed/accuracy trade-off between the habitual and the goal-directed processes. | Keramati M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Stress decreases the ability to resist smoking and potentiates smoking intensity and reward. | McKee SA et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Striatal Dopamine and the Interface between Motivation and Cognition. | Aarts E et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The Basal Ganglia as a Substrate for the Multiple Actions of Amphetamines. | Natarajan R et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The role of impulsivity in the aetiology of drug dependence: reward sensitivity versus automaticity. | Hogarth L | β | 2011 | β |
| Unraveling the differential functions and regulation of striatal neuron sub-populations in motor control, reward, and motivational processes. | Ena S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| What have positron emission tomography and 'Zippy' told us about the neuropharmacology of drug addiction? | Cumming P et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| What neurophysiological recordings tell us about cognitive and behavioral functions of the human subthalamic nucleus. | Marceglia S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Appetite and reward. | Fulton S | β | 2010 | β |
| Behavioral evidence for the significance of serotoninergic (5-HT) receptors in cocaine addiction. | Filip M et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Brain reward circuitry beyond the mesolimbic dopamine system: a neurobiological theory. | Ikemoto S | β | 2010 | β |
| Comparative neuroscience of stimulant-induced memory dysfunction: role for neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. | Canales JJ | β | 2010 | β |
| Compulsive use of dopaminergic drug therapy in Parkinson's disease: reward and anti-reward. | Evans AH et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Cortical and basal ganglia contributions to habit learning and automaticity. | Ashby FG et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Discrimination between cocaine-associated context and cue in a modified conditioned place preference paradigm: role of the nNOS gene in cue conditioning. | Itzhak Y et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Dopamine, reward, and frontostriatal circuitry in impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: insights from functional imaging. | Ray N et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Effects of disconnection of amygdala dopamine and nucleus accumbens N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors on ethanol-seeking behavior in mice. | Gremel CM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Genome-wide gene expression analysis identifies K-ras as a regulator of alcohol intake. | Repunte-Canonigo V et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Heterogeneity of reward mechanisms. | Lajtha A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Individual differences in prefrontal cortex function and the transition from drug use to drug dependence. | George O et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Inputs to the dorsal striatum of the mouse reflect the parallel circuit architecture of the forebrain. | Pan WX et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Insight into the relationship between impulsivity and substance abuse from studies using animal models. | Winstanley CA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Investigating the impact of sex and cortisol on implicit fear conditioning with fMRI. | Merz CJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Is there an inhibitory-response-control system in the rat? Evidence from anatomical and pharmacological studies of behavioral inhibition. | Eagle DM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Long-lasting adaptations of the NR2B-containing NMDA receptors in the dorsomedial striatum play a crucial role in alcohol consumption and relapse. | Wang J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| MeCP2 and drug addiction. | Feng J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neural mechanisms of reproduction in females as a predisposing factor for drug addiction. | Hedges VL et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease: beyond dopamine. | Barone P | β | 2010 | β |
| Pavlovian to instrumental transfer: a neurobehavioural perspective. | Holmes NM et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Progressive ratio responding in an obese mouse model: Effects of fenfluramine. | Finger BC et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Regional differences in the action of antipsychotic drugs: implications for cognitive effects in schizophrenic patients. | Beninger RJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Reward sensitivity: issues of measurement, and achieving consilience between human and animal phenotypes. | Stephens DN et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Risky decisions and their consequences: neural processing by boys with Antisocial Substance Disorder. | Crowley TJ et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Sensory and motor aspects of addiction. | Yalachkov Y et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Shift from goal-directed to habitual cocaine seeking after prolonged experience in rats. | Zapata A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Special issue in honor of professor Armen Galoyan. Preface. | Lajtha A | β | 2010 | β |
| Striatal volume predicts level of video game skill acquisition. | Erickson KI et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The associative basis of cue-elicited drug taking in humans. | Hogarth L et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The Potent Effect of Environmental Context on Relapse to Alcohol-Seeking After Extinction. | Janak PH et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The role of the nucleus accumbens core in impulsive choice, timing, and reward processing. | Galtress T et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Toward a neurobiology of delusions. | Corlett PR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Translating the neuroscience of alcoholism into clinical treatments: from blocking the buzz to curing the blues. | Heilig M et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| What is the Degree of Segregation between Striatonigral and Striatopallidal Projections? | Bertran-Gonzalez J et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Anxiety, cognition, and habit: a multiple memory systems perspective. | Packard MG | β | 2009 | β |
| Cocaine self-administration alters the relative effectiveness of multiple memory systems during extinction. | Gabriele A et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Corticostriatal Interactions during Learning, Memory Processing, and Decision Making. | Pennartz CM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Differential effects of chronic ethanol consumption and withdrawal on homer/glutamate receptor expression in subregions of the accumbens and amygdala of P rats. | Obara I et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Endogenous BDNF in the dorsolateral striatum gates alcohol drinking. | Jeanblanc J et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Inhibition of CREB activity in the dorsal portion of the striatum potentiates behavioral responses to drugs of abuse. | Fasano S et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Molecular profiling of striatonigral and striatopallidal medium spiny neurons past, present, and future. | Lobo MK | β | 2009 | β |
| Role of dopamine D(1)-family receptors in dorsolateral striatum in context-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking in rats. | Bossert JM et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Stable encoding of task structure coexists with flexible coding of task events in sensorimotor striatum. | Kubota Y et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Transient role of the rat prelimbic cortex in goal-directed behaviour. | Tran-Tu-Yen DA et al. | β | 2009 | β |
| Viral vector approaches to modify gene expression in the brain. | Papale A et al. | β | 2009 | β |