Optimal decision making and the anterior cingulate cortex.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Kennerley, Steven W; Walton, Mark E; Behrens, Timothy E J; Buckley, Mark J; Rushworth, Matthew F S
- Year
- 2006
- Journal
- Nature neuroscience
- PMID
- 16783368
- DOI
- 10.1038/nn1724
Learning the value of options in an uncertain environment is central to optimal decision making. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been implicated in using reinforcement information to control behavior. Here we demonstrate that the ACC's critical role in reinforcement-guided behavior is neither in detecting nor in correcting errors, but in guiding voluntary choices based on the history of actions and outcomes. ACC lesions did not impair the performance of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) immediately after errors, but made them unable to sustain rewarded responses in a reinforcement-guided choice task and to integrate risk and payoff in a dynamic foraging task. These data suggest that the ACC is essential for learning the value of actions.
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| Injection of Anti-proBDNF in Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) Reverses Chronic Stress-Induced Adverse Mood Behaviors in Mice. | Yang CR et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| Reinforcement learning models of risky choice and the promotion of risk-taking by losses disguised as wins in rats. | Marshall AT et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| Transcranial Stimulation Over the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Increases the Impact of Past Expenses on Decision-Making. | Bogdanov M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
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| The Effects of Acute Dopamine Precursor Depletion on the Cognitive Control Functions of Performance Monitoring and Conflict Processing: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study. | Larson MJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
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| The anterior cingulate gyrus signals the net value of others' rewards. | Apps MA et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The hippocampus and entorhinal cortex encode the path and Euclidean distances to goals during navigation. | Howard LR et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The neural network underlying incentive-based learning: implications for interpreting circuit disruptions in psychiatric disorders. | Haber SN et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Translational studies of goal-directed action as a framework for classifying deficits across psychiatric disorders. | Griffiths KR et al. | — | 2014 | → |
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| Agency modulates the lateral and medial prefrontal cortex responses in belief-based decision making. | Xue G et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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| AMPA receptors in post-mortem brains of Cloninger type 1 and 2 alcoholics: a whole-hemisphere autoradiography study. | Kärkkäinen O et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Basal ganglia engagement during feedback processing after a substantial delay. | Dobryakova E et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Basolateral amygdala lesions facilitate reward choices after negative feedback in rats. | Izquierdo A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Bayesian prediction and evaluation in the anterior cingulate cortex. | Ide JS et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Behavioral laterality of the brain: support for the binary construct of hemisity. | Morton BE | — | 2013 | → |
| Change detection, multiple controllers, and dynamic environments: insights from the brain. | Pearson JM et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Comparative DNA methylation among females with neurodevelopmental disorders and seizures identifies TAC1 as a MeCP2 target gene. | Aldinger KA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Differential effects of amygdala, orbital prefrontal cortex, and prelimbic cortex lesions on goal-directed behavior in rhesus macaques. | Rhodes SE et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Dissociable effects of surprise and model update in parietal and anterior cingulate cortex. | O'Reilly JX et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Distinct frontal networks are involved in adapting to internally and externally signaled errors. | Ham TE et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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| Effects of amygdala lesions on reward-value coding in orbital and medial prefrontal cortex. | Rudebeck PH et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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| Increased reflection impulsivity in patients with ephedrone-induced Parkinsonism. | Djamshidian A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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| Intersection of effort and risk: ethological and neurobiological perspectives. | Miller MA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Measuring extrastriatal dopamine release during a reward learning task. | Vrieze E et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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| Neural structures underlying set-shifting: roles of medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. | Bissonette GB et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Neuronal reference frames for social decisions in primate frontal cortex. | Chang SW et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Neurons in the cingulate motor area signal context-based and outcome-based volitional selection of action. | Iwata J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Parallel prefrontal pathways reach distinct excitatory and inhibitory systems in memory-related rhinal cortices. | Bunce JG et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Persisting through subjective effort: a key role for the anterior cingulate cortex? | Hillman KL et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Real and fictive outcomes are processed differently but converge on a common adaptive mechanism. | Fischer AG et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Reinforcement learning signals in the anterior cingulate cortex code for others' false beliefs. | Apps MA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Single-neuron mechanisms underlying cost-benefit analysis in frontal cortex. | Hosokawa T et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Social, reward, and attention brain networks are involved when online bids for joint attention are met with congruent versus incongruent responses. | Gordon I et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Synchronization of medial temporal lobe and prefrontal rhythms in human decision making. | Guitart-Masip M et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The differences in frontal midline theta power between successful and unsuccessful basketball free throws of elite basketball players. | Chuang LY et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The drive to strive: goal generation based on current needs. | Murray EA et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The effect of neurogranin on neural correlates of episodic memory encoding and retrieval. | Krug A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The effects of the previous outcome on probabilistic choice in rats. | Marshall AT et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The five factors of personality and regional cortical variability in the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging. | Kapogiannis D et al. | — | 2013 | → |
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| Ventromedial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex adopt choice and default reference frames during sequential multi-alternative choice. | Boorman ED et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| What are people with Parkinson's disease really impaired on when it comes to making decisions? A meta-analysis of the evidence. | Ryterska A et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Acute alcohol intoxication impairs top-down regulation of Stroop incongruity as revealed by blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging. | Marinkovic K et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Anterior cingulate cortex in schema assimilation and expression. | Wang SH et al. | — | 2012 | → |
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| Anterior cingulate neurons in the rat map anticipated effort and reward to their associated action sequences. | Cowen SL et al. | — | 2012 | → |
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| Does the salience network play a cardinal role in psychosis? An emerging hypothesis of insular dysfunction. | Palaniyappan L et al. | — | 2012 | → |
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| Food and drug cues activate similar brain regions: a meta-analysis of functional MRI studies. | Tang DW et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Frontal theta reflects uncertainty and unexpectedness during exploration and exploitation. | Cavanagh JF et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Grey matter abnormalities within cortico-limbic-striatal circuits in acute and weight-restored anorexia nervosa patients. | Friederich HC et al. | — | 2012 | → |
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| Meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies of emotion perception and experience in schizophrenia. | Taylor SF et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Modulation of feedback related activity in the rostral anterior cingulate cortex during trial and error exploration. | Amiez C et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Motivation and timing: clues for modeling the reward system. | Galtress T et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Motivation of extended behaviors by anterior cingulate cortex. | Holroyd CB et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Network resets in medial prefrontal cortex mark the onset of behavioral uncertainty. | Karlsson MP et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Neural correlates of feedback processing in decision-making under risk. | Schuermann B et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Neural encoding of competitive effort in the anterior cingulate cortex. | Hillman KL et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Neural intrinsic connectivity networks associated with risk aversion in old age. | Han SD et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Neural processing of reward and punishment in young people at increased familial risk of depression. | McCabe C et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Neuronal encoding of subjective value in dorsal and ventral anterior cingulate cortex. | Cai X et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Numerical rule coding in the prefrontal, premotor, and posterior parietal cortices of macaques. | Vallentin D et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Orbitofrontal cortical activity during repeated free choice. | Campos M et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Performance monitoring following conflict: internal adjustments in cognitive control? | Larson MJ et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Prefrontal neural activity when feedback is not relevant to adjust performance. | Özyurt J et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Re-evaluating the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in reward and reinforcement. | Noonan MP et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| Resting-state connectivity identifies distinct functional networks in macaque cingulate cortex. | Hutchison RM et al. | — | 2012 | → |
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| Separate prefrontal-subcortical circuits mediate different components of risk-based decision making. | St Onge JR et al. | — | 2012 | → |
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| Surprise! Neural correlates of Pearce-Hall and Rescorla-Wagner coexist within the brain. | Roesch MR et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The auditory and non-auditory brain areas involved in tinnitus. An emergent property of multiple parallel overlapping subnetworks. | Vanneste S et al. | — | 2012 | → |
| The meaning of embodiment. | Kiverstein J | — | 2012 | → |
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| A potential role of the inferior frontal gyrus and anterior insula in cognitive control, brain rhythms, and event-related potentials. | Tops M et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| A reservoir of time constants for memory traces in cortical neurons. | Bernacchia A et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Attentional effects of lesions to the anterior cingulate cortex: how prior reinforcement influences distractibility. | Newman LA et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Attention for learning signals in anterior cingulate cortex. | Bryden DW et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Autonomic regulation and maze-learning performance in older and younger adults. | Mathewson KJ et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Brain region white matter associations with visual selective attention. | Seiler CB et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Challenges of Interpreting Frontal Neurons during Value-Based Decision-Making. | Wallis JD et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Contrasting reward signals in the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. | Wallis JD et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| "Cool" inferior frontostriatal dysfunction in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder versus "hot" ventromedial orbitofrontal-limbic dysfunction in conduct disorder: a review. | Rubia K | — | 2011 | → |
| Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRHR1) genetic variation and stress interact to influence reward learning. | Bogdan R et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Decision making and reward in frontal cortex: complementary evidence from neurophysiological and neuropsychological studies. | Kennerley SW et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Dissociated roles of the anterior cingulate cortex in reward and conflict processing as revealed by the feedback error-related negativity and N200. | Baker TE et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Distinct roles of three frontal cortical areas in reward-guided behavior. | Noonan MP et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Dopamine and effort-based decision making. | Kurniawan IT et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Double dissociation of stimulus-value and action-value learning in humans with orbitofrontal or anterior cingulate cortex damage. | Camille N et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Double dissociation of value computations in orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate neurons. | Kennerley SW et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Downregulation of the posterior medial frontal cortex prevents social conformity. | Klucharev V et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Emulation as an integrating principle for cognition. | Colder B | — | 2011 | → |
| Encoding of both positive and negative reward prediction errors by neurons of the primate lateral prefrontal cortex and caudate nucleus. | Asaad WF et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Frontal cortex and reward-guided learning and decision-making. | Rushworth MF et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Frontal oscillatory dynamics predict feedback learning and action adjustment. | van de Vijver I et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Frontal theta power linked to neuroticism and avoidance. | Neo PS et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Hedging your bets by learning reward correlations in the human brain. | Wunderlich K et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Impaired error-likelihood prediction in medial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. | Krawitz A et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Inactivation of the putamen selectively impairs reward history-based action selection. | Muranishi M et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Inter-individual decision-making differences in the effects of cingulate, orbitofrontal, and prelimbic cortex lesions in a rat gambling task. | Rivalan M et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Juvenile mice show greater flexibility in multiple choice reversal learning than adults. | Johnson C et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Learning from delayed feedback: neural responses in temporal credit assignment. | Walsh MM et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Life span differences in electrophysiological correlates of monitoring gains and losses during probabilistic reinforcement learning. | Hämmerer D et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Localization of dysfunction in major depressive disorder: prefrontal cortex and amygdala. | Murray EA et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Neural correlates of abstract verb processing. | Rodríguez-Ferreiro J et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Neural correlates of forward planning in a spatial decision task in humans. | Simon DA et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Neurobiology of economic choice: a good-based model. | Padoa-Schioppa C | — | 2011 | → |
| Neuronal basis for evaluating selected action in the primate striatum. | Yamada H et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a patchy environment. | Hayden BY et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Orbitofrontal contributions to value-based decision making: evidence from humans with frontal lobe damage. | Fellows LK | — | 2011 | → |
| Perceptual classification in a rapidly changing environment. | Summerfield C et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Perceptual learning and decision-making in human medial frontal cortex. | Kahnt T et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Political orientations are correlated with brain structure in young adults. | Kanai R et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Posterior medial frontal cortex activity predicts post-error adaptations in task-related visual and motor areas. | Danielmeier C et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Prefrontal pathways target excitatory and inhibitory systems in memory-related medial temporal cortices. | Bunce JG et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Reconsidering anhedonia in depression: lessons from translational neuroscience. | Treadway MT et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Robot cognitive control with a neurophysiologically inspired reinforcement learning model. | Khamassi M et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Rodent versions of the iowa gambling task: opportunities and challenges for the understanding of decision-making. | de Visser L et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Sex differences precipitating anorexia nervosa in females: the estrogen paradox and a novel framework for targeting sex-specific neurocircuits and behavior. | Keating C | — | 2011 | → |
| Social appraisal in chronic psychosis: role of medial frontal and occipital networks. | Taylor SF et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Surprise! A unifying model of dorsal anterior cingulate function? | Egner T | — | 2011 | → |
| Surprise signals in anterior cingulate cortex: neuronal encoding of unsigned reward prediction errors driving adjustment in behavior. | Hayden BY et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Temporal dynamics of reward processing revealed by magnetoencephalography. | Doñamayor N et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Thalamocingulate interactions in performance monitoring. | Seifert S et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| The blind executive. | Nachev P | — | 2011 | → |
| The impact of disappointment in decision making: inter-individual differences and electrical neuroimaging. | Tzieropoulos H et al. | — | 2011 | → |
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| The nexus between decision making and emotion regulation: a review of convergent neurocognitive substrates. | Mitchell DG | — | 2011 | → |
| Value, pleasure and choice in the ventral prefrontal cortex. | Grabenhorst F et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| Why humans deviate from rational choice. | Hewig J et al. | — | 2011 | → |
| An approximately Bayesian delta-rule model explains the dynamics of belief updating in a changing environment. | Nassar MR et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Beyond reversal: a critical role for human orbitofrontal cortex in flexible learning from probabilistic feedback. | Tsuchida A et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Cognitive impact of genetic variation of the serotonin transporter in primates is associated with differences in brain morphology rather than serotonin neurotransmission. | Jedema HP et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Competition between learned reward and error outcome predictions in anterior cingulate cortex. | Alexander WH et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Computational models of performance monitoring and cognitive control. | Alexander WH et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Decision neuroscience: neuroeconomics. | Smith DV et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Decision threshold modulation in the human brain. | Domenech P et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Divided representation of concurrent goals in the human frontal lobes. | Charron S et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Does the medial orbitofrontal cortex have a role in social valuation? | Noonan MP et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Emotion, cognition, and mental state representation in amygdala and prefrontal cortex. | Salzman CD et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Environmental living conditions introduced during forced abstinence alter cocaine-seeking behavior and Fos protein expression. | Thiel KJ et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Functional dissociation of the frontoinsular and anterior cingulate cortices in empathy for pain. | Gu X et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Genetic association studies of performance monitoring and learning from feedback: the role of dopamine and serotonin. | Ullsperger M | — | 2010 | → |
| Heterogeneous reward signals in prefrontal cortex. | Wallis JD et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Interactions between orbital prefrontal cortex and amygdala: advanced cognition, learned responses and instinctive behaviors. | Murray EA et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Linking the cytokine and neurocircuitry hypotheses of depression: a translational framework for discovery and development of novel anti-depressants. | Piser TM | — | 2010 | → |
| Medial frontal cortex: from self-generated action to reflection on one's own performance. | Passingham RE et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Modeling the value of strategic actions in the superior colliculus. | Thevarajah D et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Neurons in anterior cingulate cortex multiplex information about reward and action. | Hayden BY et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Neurons in the rat anterior cingulate cortex dynamically encode cost-benefit in a spatial decision-making task. | Hillman KL et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Nicotine dependence is characterized by disordered reward processing in a network driving motivation. | Bühler M et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Punishing an error improves learning: the influence of punishment magnitude on error-related neural activity and subsequent learning. | Hester R et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Selective theta-synchronization of choice-relevant information subserves goal-directed behavior. | Womelsdorf T et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Switching from automatic to controlled behavior: cortico-basal ganglia mechanisms. | Hikosaka O et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| The effect of Neuregulin 1 on neural correlates of episodic memory encoding and retrieval. | Krug A et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| The importance of failure: feedback-related negativity predicts motor learning efficiency. | van der Helden J et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| The orchestration of conscious experience by subcortical structures. | Ressler N | — | 2010 | → |
| Theoretical perspective on anorexia nervosa: the conflict of reward. | Keating C | — | 2010 | → |
| Theta-activity in anterior cingulate cortex predicts task rules and their adjustments following errors. | Womelsdorf T et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Variability in nucleus accumbens activity mediates age-related suboptimal financial risk taking. | Samanez-Larkin GR et al. | — | 2010 | → |
| Activity in the superior temporal sulcus highlights learning competence in an interaction game. | Haruno M et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Adapting to dynamic stimulus-response values: differential contributions of inferior frontal, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral regions of prefrontal cortex to decision making. | Mitchell DG et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Adaptive coding of action values in the human rostral cingulate zone. | Jocham G et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| A distributed neural system for top-down face processing. | Li J et al. | — | 2009 | → |
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| CNTRICS final task selection: long-term memory. | Ragland JD et al. | — | 2009 | → |
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| Connectivity-based parcellation of human cingulate cortex and its relation to functional specialization. | Beckmann M et al. | — | 2009 | → |
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| Determining a role for ventromedial prefrontal cortex in encoding action-based value signals during reward-related decision making. | Gläscher J et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Dissociable components of rule-guided behavior depend on distinct medial and prefrontal regions. | Buckley MJ et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Does the cingulate cortex contribute to spatial conditional associative learning in the rat? | St-Laurent M et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Dopamine DRD2 polymorphism alters reversal learning and associated neural activity. | Jocham G et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Dopaminergic drugs modulate learning rates and perseveration in Parkinson's patients in a dynamic foraging task. | Rutledge RB et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Dynamic encoding of responses and outcomes by neurons in medial prefrontal cortex. | Luk CH et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Dynamic readout of behaviorally relevant signals from area MT during task switching. | Sasaki R et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Effort-based cost-benefit valuation and the human brain. | Croxson PL et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Encoding of marginal utility across time in the human brain. | Pine A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Encoding of reward and space during a working memory task in the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate sulcus. | Kennerley SW et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Evaluating choices by single neurons in the frontal lobe: outcome value encoded across multiple decision variables. | Kennerley SW et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Fictive reward signals in the anterior cingulate cortex. | Hayden BY et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Gambling near-misses enhance motivation to gamble and recruit win-related brain circuitry. | Clark L et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Lateral intraparietal cortex and reinforcement learning during a mixed-strategy game. | Seo H et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Model-based reinforcement learning under concurrent schedules of reinforcement in rodents. | Huh N et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Motivation and cognitive control in the human prefrontal cortex. | Kouneiher F et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Neural computations underlying action-based decision making in the human brain. | Wunderlich K et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Neural correlates of impaired cognitive-behavioral flexibility in anorexia nervosa. | Zastrow A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Neural correlates of novel object and novel location recognition behavior in the mouse anterior cingulate cortex. | Weible AP et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Neurons in posterior cingulate cortex signal exploratory decisions in a dynamic multioption choice task. | Pearson JM et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Neurons in the frontal lobe encode the value of multiple decision variables. | Kennerley SW et al. | — | 2009 | → |
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| Oscillatory activity and phase-amplitude coupling in the human medial frontal cortex during decision making. | Cohen MX et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Oscillatory brain activity related to control mechanisms during laboratory-induced reactive aggression. | Krämer UM et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Prelude to and resolution of an error: EEG phase synchrony reveals cognitive control dynamics during action monitoring. | Cavanagh JF et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Reinforcement learning signal predicts social conformity. | Klucharev V et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Resolving response, decision, and strategic control: evidence for a functional topography in dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. | Venkatraman V et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Right ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices mediate adaptive decisions under ambiguity by integrating choice utility and outcome evaluation. | Christakou A et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Segregated and integrated coding of reward and punishment in the cingulate cortex. | Fujiwara J et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Self-identification and empathy modulate error-related brain activity during the observation of penalty shots between friend and foe. | Newman-Norlund RD et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Separate neural mechanisms underlie choices and strategic preferences in risky decision making. | Venkatraman V et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Single dose of a dopamine agonist impairs reinforcement learning in humans: evidence from event-related potentials and computational modeling of striatal-cortical function. | Santesso DL et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| Subjects with intellectual disability and familial need for full-time special education show regional brain alterations: a voxel-based morphometry study. | Mannerkoski MK et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The computation of social behavior. | Behrens TE et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The error-related negativity is related to risk taking and empathy in young men. | Santesso DL et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The representation of abstract task rules in the human prefrontal cortex. | Bengtsson SL et al. | — | 2009 | → |
| The role of the dorsal anterior cingulate in evaluating behavior for achieving gains and avoiding losses. | Magno E et al. | — | 2009 | → |
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| Aging and electrocortical response to error feedback during a spatial learning task. | Mathewson KJ et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex lesions differentially influence choices during object reversal learning. | Rudebeck PH et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Associative learning of social value. | Behrens TE et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Behavioral shifts and action valuation in the anterior cingulate cortex. | Quilodran R et al. | — | 2008 | → |
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| Comparing the prefrontal cortex of rats and primates: insights from electrophysiology. | Seamans JK et al. | — | 2008 | → |
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| Context-dependent changes in functional circuitry in visual area MT. | Cohen MR et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Cortical mechanisms for reinforcement learning in competitive games. | Seo H et al. | — | 2008 | → |
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| Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex integrates reinforcement history to guide voluntary behavior. | Holroyd CB et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Dynamic changes in representations of preceding and upcoming reward in monkey orbitofrontal cortex. | Simmons JM et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Error-specific medial cortical and subcortical activity during the stop signal task: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. | Li CS et al. | — | 2008 | → |
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| Frontal cortex subregions play distinct roles in choices between actions and stimuli. | Rudebeck PH et al. | — | 2008 | → |
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| Human medial frontal cortex activity predicts learning from errors. | Hester R et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Imaging the placebo response: a neurofunctional review. | Faria V et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Individual differences in reinforcement learning: behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging correlates. | Santesso DL et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Intention, choice, and the medial frontal cortex. | Rushworth MF | — | 2008 | → |
| Knowing when to stop: the brain mechanisms of chasing losses. | Campbell-Meiklejohn DK et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Limbic and frontal cortical degeneration is associated with psychiatric symptoms in PINK1 mutation carriers. | Reetz K et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Mental fatigue: costs and benefits. | Boksem MA et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Modulators of decision making. | Doya K | — | 2008 | → |
| Neural correlates of decisions and their outcomes in the ventral premotor cortex. | Pardo-Vazquez JL et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Neurobiology of apathy in Alzheimer's disease. | Guimarães HC et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Neurodevelopmental trajectories of the human cerebral cortex. | Shaw P et al. | — | 2008 | → |
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| Performance monitoring local field potentials in the medial frontal cortex of primates: anterior cingulate cortex. | Emeric EE et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Posterior cingulate cortex mediates outcome-contingent allocation of behavior. | Hayden BY et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Reduced hedonic capacity in major depressive disorder: evidence from a probabilistic reward task. | Pizzagalli DA et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Reward processing in schizophrenia: a deficit in the representation of value. | Gold JM et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| The relative influences of priors and sensory evidence on an oculomotor decision variable during perceptual learning. | Gold JI et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| The rostral anterior cingulate cortex modulates the efficiency of amygdala-dependent fear learning. | Bissière S et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| The statistical neuroanatomy of frontal networks in the macaque. | Averbeck BB et al. | — | 2008 | → |
| Adaptive behavior: humans act as Bayesian learners. | Yu AJ | — | 2007 | → |
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| Contrasting roles for cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex in decisions and social behaviour. | Rushworth MF et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Diffusion-weighted imaging tractography-based parcellation of the human lateral premotor cortex identifies dorsal and ventral subregions with anatomical and functional specializations. | Tomassini V et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Distinct brain networks for adaptive and stable task control in humans. | Dosenbach NU et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Distinct contributions of frontal areas to emotion and social behaviour in the rat. | Rudebeck PH et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Efficient reinforcement learning: computational theories, neuroscience and robotics. | Kawato M et al. | — | 2007 | → |
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| Functional dissociation in frontal and striatal areas for processing of positive and negative reward information. | Liu X et al. | — | 2007 | → |
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| Functional organization of the medial frontal cortex. | Rushworth MF et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Functional specialization of the primate frontal cortex during decision making. | Lee D et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Genetic modulation of cognitive flexibility and socioemotional behavior in rhesus monkeys. | Izquierdo A et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Impact of commitment on performance evaluation in the rostral cingulate motor area. | Michelet T et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Impaired strategic decision making in schizophrenia. | Kim H et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Learning the value of information in an uncertain world. | Behrens TE et al. | — | 2007 | → |
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| Orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala contributions to affect and action in primates. | Murray EA et al. | — | 2007 | → |
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| Probing human and monkey anterior cingulate cortex in variable environments. | Walton ME et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Reinforcement learning signals predict future decisions. | Cohen MX et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Risk prediction and aversion by anterior cingulate cortex. | Brown JW et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Temporal filtering of reward signals in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during a mixed-strategy game. | Seo H et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| The role of cingulate cortex in the detection of errors with and without awareness: a high-density electrical mapping study. | O'Connell RG et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| The role of the pre-supplementary motor area in the control of action. | Nachev P et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| The sight of others' pain modulates motor processing in human cingulate cortex. | Morrison I et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Thinking on luxury or pragmatic brand products: Brain responses to different categories of culturally based brands. | Schaefer M et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| Top-down control-signal dynamics in anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex neurons following task switching. | Johnston K et al. | — | 2007 | → |
| A role for the macaque anterior cingulate gyrus in social valuation. | Rudebeck PH et al. | — | 2006 | → |
| Cognition and medial frontal cortex in health and disease. | Nachev P | — | 2006 | → |
| Fool me once, shame on me--fool me twice, blame the ACC. | Hayden BY et al. | — | 2006 | → |