Molecular and functional diversity of the expanding GABA-A receptor gene family.
paper
Cited
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- Authors
- Whiting, P J; Bonnert, T P; McKernan, R M; Farrar, S; Le Bourdellès, B; Heavens, R P; Smith, D W; Hewson, L; Rigby, M R; Sirinathsinghji, D J; Thompson, S A; Wafford, K A
- Year
- 1999
- Journal
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- PMID
- 10414349
- DOI
- 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb11341.x
Fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian CNS is mediated primarily by the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which, upon binding to its receptor, leads to opening of the intrinsic ion channel, allowing chloride to enter the cell. Over the past 10 years it has become clear that a family of GABA-A receptor subtypes exists, generated through the coassembly of polypeptides selected from alpha 1-alpha 6, beta 1-beta 3, gamma 1-gamma 3, delta, epsilon, and pie to form what is most likely a pentomeric macromolecule. The gene transcripts, and indeed the polypeptides, show distinct patterns of temporal and spatial expression, such that the GABA-A receptor subtypes have a defined localization that presumably reflects their physiological role. A picture is beginning to emerge of the properties conferred to receptor subtypes by the different subunits; these include different functional properties, differential modulation by protein kinases, and the targeting to different membrane compartments. These properties presumably underlie the different physiological roles of the various receptor subtypes. Recently we have identified a further member of the GABA-A receptor gene family, which we have termed theta, which appears to be most closely related to the beta subunits. The structure, function, and distribution of theta-containing receptors, and receptors containing the recently reported epsilon subunit, are described.
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|---|---|---|
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| Amiloride inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors depends upon the alpha subunit subtype. | Fisher JL | β | 2002 | β |
| Bergmann glia GABA(A) receptors concentrate on the glial processes that wrap inhibitory synapses. | Riquelme R et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Characterization of the interaction between a novel convulsant agent, norbiphen, and GABA(A) and other ligand-gated ion channels. | Halliwell RF et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Different residues in the GABA(A) receptor alpha 1T60-alpha 1K70 region mediate GABA and SR-95531 actions. | Holden JH et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Forced subunit assembly in alpha1beta2gamma2 GABAA receptors. Insight into the absolute arrangement. | Baumann SW et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Furosemide reveals heterogeneous GABA(A) receptor expression at adult rat Golgi cell to granule cell synapses. | Wall MJ | β | 2002 | β |
| GABA alpha6 receptors mediate midazolam-induced anxiolysis. | Hoffman WE et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| GABAergic and glutamatergic terminals differentially influence the organization of GABAergic synapses in rat cerebellar granule cells in vitro. | Studler B et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| GABAergic innervation organizes synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptor clustering in cultured hippocampal neurons. | Christie SB et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Glycine and GABA(A) receptor subunits on Renshaw cells: relationship with presynaptic neurotransmitters and postsynaptic gephyrin clusters. | Geiman EJ et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Modulation of GABA(A) receptor-mediated currents by benzophenone derivatives in isolated rat Purkinje neurones. | Kopanitsa MV et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Molecular structure and physiological function of chloride channels. | Jentsch TJ et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Neural progenitor cells of the neonatal rat anterior subventricular zone express functional GABA(A) receptors. | Stewart RR et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines in intravenous sedation: a report of 2 cases and review of the literature. | Robin C et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of GABA(A) alpha1, beta1 and gamma2S subunits in epileptic rats following photothrombotic infarction of neocortex. | Liu J et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Single cell expression analysis--pharmacogenomic potential. | Dixon AK et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptor and gephyrin clusters. | Christie SB et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| The diversity in the vanilloid (TRPV) receptor family of ion channels. | Gunthorpe MJ et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Volatile anesthetic actions on the GABAA receptors: contrasting effects of alpha 1(S270) and beta 2(N265) point mutations. | Nishikawa K et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| Widespread and long-lasting alterations in GABA(A)-receptor subtypes after focal cortical infarcts in rats: mediation by NMDA-dependent processes. | Redecker C et al. | β | 2002 | β |
| alpha4beta3delta GABA(A) receptors characterized by fluorescence resonance energy transfer-derived measurements of membrane potential. | Adkins CE et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Cloning and functional expression of GABA(B) receptors from Drosophila. | Mezler M et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Differential expression of GABA(B)R1 and GABA(B)R2 receptor immunoreactivity in neurochemically identified neurons of the rat neostriatum. | Ng TK et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Effect of alpha subunit on allosteric modulation of ion channel function in stably expressed human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors determined using (36)Cl ion flux. | Smith AJ et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Entropy as the predominant driving force of binding to human recombinant alpha(x)beta(3)gamma(2) GABA(A) receptors. | Maksay G et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| GABA(C) receptors: a molecular view. | Enz R | β | 2001 | β |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A)) subunits in rat nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. | Saha S et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Loss of the major GABA(A) receptor subtype in the brain is not lethal in mice. | Sur C et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Spatial distribution and subunit composition of GABA(A) receptors in the inferior olivary nucleus. | Devor A et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| The cAMP-protein kinase A signal transduction pathway modulates ethanol consumption and sedative effects of ethanol. | Wand G et al. | β | 2001 | β |
| Allelic variation in the GABA A receptor gamma2 subunit is associated with genetic susceptibility to ethanol-induced motor incoordination and hypothermia, conditioned taste aversion, and withdrawal in BXD/Ty recombinant inbred mice. | Hood HM et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Behavioural changes produced by transgenic overexpression of gamma2L and gamma2S subunits of the GABAA receptor. | Wick MJ et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| cDNA cloning and expression of a gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor epsilon-subunit in rat brain. | Moragues N et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Characterization of the interaction of zopiclone with gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. | Davies M et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Cloning and expression of the human transient receptor potential 4 (TRP4) gene: localization and functional expression of human TRP4 and TRP3. | McKay RR et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Colocalization of multiple GABA(A) receptor subtypes with gephyrin at postsynaptic sites. | SassoΓ¨-Pognetto M et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Differential downregulation of GABAA receptor subunits in widespread brain regions in the freeze-lesion model of focal cortical malformations. | Redecker C et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Evidence for coassembly of mutant GABAC rho1 with GABAA gamma2S, glycine alpha1 and glycine alpha2 receptor subunits in vitro. | Pan ZH et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Expression of GABA(A) receptor alpha5 subunit-like immunoreactivity in human hippocampus. | Wainwright A et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| GABA synchronizes clock cells within the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. | Liu C et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Identification of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit types in human and rat liver. | Erlitzki R et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Long-range interactions in neuronal gene expression: evidence from gene targeting in the GABA(A) receptor beta2-alpha6-alpha1-gamma2 subunit gene cluster. | Uusi-Oukari M et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Mini-review: gephyrin, a major postsynaptic protein of GABAergic synapses. | SassoΓ¨-Pognetto M et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Rescue of gamma2 subunit-deficient mice by transgenic overexpression of the GABAA receptor gamma2S or gamma2L subunit isoforms. | Baer K et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Selective alterations in GABAA receptor subtypes in human temporal lobe epilepsy. | Loup F et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Tryptophan scanning mutagenesis in TM2 of the GABA(A) receptor alpha subunit: effects on channel gating and regulation by ethanol. | Ueno S et al. | β | 2000 | β |
| Two conserved arginines in the extracellular N-terminal domain of the GABA(A) receptor alpha(5) subunit are crucial for receptor function. | Hartvig L et al. | β | 2000 | β |