Give me just a little more time: effects of alcohol on the failure and recovery of cognitive control.

paper Cited Public

Authors: Bailey, Kira; Bartholow, Bruce D; Saults, J Scott; Lust, Sarah A
Year: 2014
Journal: Journal of abnormal psychology
PMID: 24661167
DOI: 10.1037/a0035662
PMCID: PMC3967133

Figure 1

The compatibility effect in RTs following errors and correct responses as a function of beverage group. Vertical bars represent + 1 SE.

LLM interpretation

This grouped bar chart displays the compatibility effect in reaction times (ms) across three beverage groups: Control, Placebo, and Alcohol. For each group, data is compared between "Post-correct" (white bars) and "Post-incorrect" (grey bars) responses. In the Alcohol group, the post-incorrect compatibility effect is visibly higher than the post-correct effect, whereas the opposite trend is observed in the Control and Placebo groups. Error bars represent $\pm 1$ standard error.

Figure 2

Response-locked ERP waveforms at electrodes FCz, and Cz on incompatible trials as a function of accuracy and beverage group. ‘R’ (time zero) indicates response onset. The ERN is visible as the prominent negativity for incorrect trials peaking approximately 80 ms post-response.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of six event-related potential (ERP) waveform plots organized by electrode (FCz, Cz) and beverage group (Control, Placebo, Alcohol). The x-axis represents time in milliseconds relative to response onset (R), and the y-axis shows amplitude in microvolts ($\mu$V), with negative values plotted upward. In all conditions, incorrect trials (dashed lines) exhibit a prominent negative peak approximately 80 ms post-response compared to correct trials (solid lines).

Figure 3

Stimulus-locked ERP waveforms elicited by compatible and incompatible flanker arrays following correct and incorrect responses at frontal and fronto-central electrodes as a function of beverage group. ‘S’ (time zero) indicates stimulus array onset. The N2 is visible as the prominent negative peak at approximately 300 ms post-stimulus (black arrows), and the FSW is visible as the negativity between approximately 800 to 1200 ms post-stimulus onset (white arrows).

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of six event-related potential (ERP) waveform plots organized by electrode site (Fz, FCz) and beverage group (Control, Placebo, Alcohol). The x-axis represents time in milliseconds relative to stimulus onset (S), and the y-axis represents amplitude in microvolts ($\mu$V), with negative values plotted upward. The waveforms compare compatible versus incompatible trials (solid vs. dashed lines) and correct versus incorrect previous trials (black vs. grey lines), highlighting the N2 peak at ~300 ms (black arrows) and the Frontal Slow Wave (FSW) between 800–1200 ms (white arrows).

Figure 4

Stimulus-locked ERP waveforms elicited by compatible and incompatible flanker arrays two trials following correct and incorrect responses at frontal and fronto-central electrodes a function of beverage group. ‘S’ (time zero) indicates stimulus onset. The N2 is visible as the prominent negative peak at approximately 300 ms post-stimulus (black arrows), and the FSW is visible as the negativity between approximately 800 to 1200 ms post-stimulus onset (white arrows).

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of six event-related potential (ERP) waveform plots organized by electrode site (Fz, FCz) and beverage group (Control, Placebo, Alcohol). The x-axis represents time in milliseconds relative to stimulus onset (S), and the y-axis represents amplitude in microvolts ($\mu$V), with negative values plotted upward. The waveforms compare compatible versus incompatible current trials (solid vs. dashed lines) and correct versus incorrect previous 2-back trials (black vs. grey lines), highlighting the N2 peak (~300 ms, black arrows) and the Frontal Slow Wave (FSW, 800–1200 ms, white arrows).

Figure 5

Scatterplots showing the relationship between the post-error CE in the RTs and the amplitude of the N2 (panel A) and FSW (panel B). Amplitude reflects incompatible – compatible trials post-errors.

LLM interpretation

This figure consists of two scatterplots (panels A and B) showing the relationship between the Compatibility Effect RT (ms) on the y-axis and the amplitude ($\mu$V) of the N2 (panel A) and FSW (panel B) on the x-axis. Data points are categorized by group: Control (squares), Placebo (triangles), and Alcohol (circles), with corresponding linear regression lines for each. Both panels show a general negative correlation between the ERP amplitudes and the compatibility effect, with the Control group exhibiting the steepest decline.

#	Section	Preview
20	Method — Measures — Cognitive control task	Participants completed a flanker task with arrays of right- and left-facing arrows presented inside…
21	Method — Measures — Cognitive control task	Prior to completing 10 blocks of 80 experimental trials, participants completed 7 blocks of 28…
22	Method — Measures — Cognitive control task	each trial a 3-point scale appeared on the screen, with anchor points labeled “Sure Correct”,…
23	Method — Measures — Subjective intoxication	During each of several post-drinking assessments, participants in the placebo and alcohol conditions…
24	Method — Measures — Electrophysiological recording	The electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded continuously throughout the experimental task from 32…
25	Method — Procedure	Upon arrival at the lab, participants read and signed an informed consent form, completed a number…
26	Results — Manipulation Check	Baseline BrAC was 0.0 in all participants and remained that way throughout the experiment for…
27	Results — Behavioral Data	Due to computer errors, data from three participants in the control group were excluded from the…
28	Results — Behavioral Data	points were changed across the three groups. Accuracy data (proportion correct) were transformed…
29	Results — Behavioral Data — Accuracy	The main effect of Current trial type was significant, F(1, 90) = 113.20, p < .001, with accuracy…
30	Results — Behavioral Data — RT	The main effect of Current trial type was significant, F(1, 90) = 397.97, p < .001, with…
31	Results — Behavioral Data — RT	The Group × Previous trial accuracy interaction was significant, F(2, 90) = 4.58, p = .01, and was…
32	Results — Behavioral Data — RT	44 ms, SD = 48) than on trials following correct responses (M = 58 ms, SD = 19),, F(1, 32) = 3.44, p…
33	Results — Behavioral Data — RT	To determine whether the beverage effect on the post-error CE was pharmacological and not due to…
34	Results — Confidence Ratings	Although response confidence ratings were not directly relevant to the current hypotheses, making…
35	Results — ERP Data	Use of univariate repeated-measures ANOVA is commonplace in ERP research, but has several…
36	Results — ERP Data	Raudenbush, 1992), and the ability to specify separate error terms at each level of nesting.…
37	Results — ERP Data	EEG data from six participants were excluded from the ERN analysis due to excessive artifact, and…
38	Results — ERP Data	incompatible trials only. Data from an additional four participants were excluded from the N2 and…
39	Results — ERP Data	2 (Current trial type: compatible, incompatible) × 2 (Coronal: frontal, frontal-central) × 3…

Name	Type
2-back accuracy local	phenotype
ACC	anatomy
accuracy	phenotype
accuracy_classification local	phenotype
accuracy data local	phenotype
Active placebo beverage local	drug
Acute effects of alcohol on recovery from control failures local	phenotype
age	phenotype
Age 21-36 years local	phenotype
aggression	phenotype
alcohol	phenotype
alcohol dependence	phenotype
Alcohol group participants local	cohort
alcoholic group	cohort
Alcohol Use Disorder	phenotype
amplitude	phenotype
anterior cingulate cortex	anatomy
Attention-deficit disorder local	phenotype
Bartholow et al., 2003 local	cohort
behavioral control	phenotype
beverage group	cohort
beverage groups local	cohort
body weight	phenotype
BrAC	phenotype
CE local	phenotype
CE in FSW amplitude local	phenotype
central	anatomy
cerebral hemispheres	anatomy
cognition	phenotype
cognitive control	phenotype
Cognitive Effect local	phenotype
Cognitive Effect (CE) local	phenotype
Cognitive outcomes	phenotype
Cognitive resources local	phenotype
compatibility local	phenotype
Compatibility effect local	phenotype
Compatibility effect (CE) local	phenotype
Compatible arrays local	phenotype
Compatible trial local	phenotype
Compatible trials local	phenotype
conflict	phenotype
Conflict Effect (CE) local	phenotype
conflict monitoring	phenotype
control	cohort
Control adjustments local	phenotype
Control beverage local	drug
Control failure local	phenotype
Control failures local	phenotype
Control functions local	phenotype
control group	cohort
control participants	cohort
Control recovery local	phenotype
Control-related processes local	phenotype
correct response	phenotype
Correct trials	phenotype
Current trial type local	phenotype
Cz	anatomy
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	anatomy
Drinking Period local	phenotype
drinks per week	phenotype
drug dependence	phenotype
Dual Mechanisms of Control (DMC) model local	phenotype
ERN	phenotype
ERN amplitude	phenotype
ERN response local	phenotype
error-induced ACC activity local	phenotype
error processing	phenotype
error-related negativity	phenotype
Error-Related Negativity amplitude (ERN) local	phenotype
Error-related negativity (ERN)	phenotype
errors	phenotype
excessive alcohol consumption	phenotype
expectancy	phenotype
externalizing disorders	phenotype
FCz	anatomy
frontal-central local	anatomy
frontal cortex	anatomy
frontal slow wave local	phenotype
Frontal slow wave local	phenotype
Frontal Slow Wave amplitude (FSW) local	phenotype
Fronto-central midline scalp local	anatomy
fronto-central scalp local	anatomy
FSW local	anatomy
FSW local	phenotype
FSW amplitude local	phenotype
FSW component local	anatomy
FSW component local	phenotype
group	cohort
Head injury	phenotype
height	phenotype
High-conflict trials	phenotype
hostility	phenotype
Impaired behavior local	phenotype
Impulsive externalizing behaviors local	phenotype
Incompatible arrays local	phenotype
Incompatible trial local	phenotype
Incompatible trials local	phenotype
Individual differences in cognitive abilities local	phenotype
Intoxicated participants local	cohort
intoxication	phenotype
lateral prefrontal cortex	anatomy
Loss of control drinking local	phenotype
Loss-of-control drinking local	phenotype
Low-conflict trials local	phenotype
medial prefrontal cortex	anatomy
midline	anatomy
Motor disruption local	phenotype
N2 amplitude local	phenotype
N2 component local	anatomy
N2 component	phenotype
N450 local	phenotype
Negative slow wave local	phenotype
Neurocognitive impairments local	phenotype
neurological disorders	phenotype
No-alcohol control beverage local	drug
Non-alcoholic control beverage local	drug
Oral contraception local	drug
ORN	anatomy
participants	cohort
performance adjustment local	phenotype
Performance adjustment local	phenotype
Pharmacological effects local	phenotype
placebo group	cohort
Placebo group participants local	cohort
placebo participants	cohort
positive alcohol expectancies	phenotype
Post-error adjustment local	phenotype
post-error behavioral performance local	phenotype
Post-error CE local	phenotype
Post-error Conflict Effect in RT (posterror CE in RT) local	phenotype
Post-error control adjustment local	phenotype
Post-error control processes local	phenotype
Post-error control recovery local	phenotype
Post-error implementation of control local	phenotype
Post-error performance adjustment local	phenotype
post-error trials local	phenotype
prefrontal cortex	anatomy
pregnancy	phenotype
previous trial accuracy local	phenotype
Previous trial accuracy local	phenotype
proactive control	phenotype
problem behavior	phenotype
rating_response_time local	phenotype
reaction time	phenotype
Reaction Time (RT) local	phenotype
reactive control	phenotype
Recovery from control failure local	phenotype
Recovery from control failures local	phenotype
regulative control local	phenotype
Response accuracy	phenotype
response conflict	phenotype
response time	phenotype
response time CE local	phenotype
Response time conflict effect local	phenotype
Risk factors for alcohol use disorder local	phenotype
Risk-related decisions local	phenotype
Risky sexual activity local	phenotype
RT	phenotype
RTs	phenotype
scalp	anatomy
sedative effects	phenotype
serious mental illness	phenotype
serious physical illness	phenotype
sex	phenotype
Single alcohol dose local	drug
Standard drink equivalents local	phenotype
Stroop task	phenotype
subjective intoxication	phenotype
Tonic local	drug
Tonic-only Beverage local	drug
vodka	drug
White/non-Hispanic local	phenotype
women	cohort

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In this knowledge base

Title	Year	PMID
Advances in Electrophysiological Research.	2015	26259089

External

Title	Authors	Journal	Year	Link
Neurocognitive Recovery in Abstinent Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder: A Scoping Review for Associated Factors.	Staudt J et al.	—	2023	→
Post-error slowing predicts for relapse in individuals with alcohol use disorder.	Wang D et al.	—	2023	→
Theta oscillatory dynamics of inhibitory control, error processing, and post-error adjustments: Neural underpinnings and alcohol-induced dysregulation in social drinkers.	Marinkovic K et al.	—	2022	→
Acute alcohol does not impair attentional inhibition as measured with Stroop interference scores but impairs Stroop performance.	Riedel P et al.	—	2021	→
Acute alcohol intoxication modulates the temporal dynamics of resting electroencephalography networks.	Schiller B et al.	—	2021	→
Alcohol and Neural Dynamics: A Meta-analysis of Acute Alcohol Effects on Event-Related Brain Potentials.	Fairbairn CE et al.	—	2021	→
Electroencephalographic signatures of the binge drinking pattern during adolescence and young adulthood: A PRISMA-driven systematic review.	Almeida-Antunes N et al.	—	2021	→
Understanding ethanol's acute effects on medial prefrontal cortex neural activity using state-space approaches.	Morningstar MD et al.	—	2021	→
Acute alcohol intoxication and expectations reshape the spatiotemporal functional architecture of executive control.	Ribordy Lambert F et al.	—	2020	→
Acute effects of alcohol on error-elicited negative affect during a cognitive control task.	Cofresí RU et al.	—	2020	→
Intoxicated aggression: Do alcohol and stimulants cause dose-related aggression? A review.	Kuypers K et al.	—	2020	→
Young frequent binge drinkers show no behavioral deficits in inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility.	Bensmann W et al.	—	2019	→
Alcohol effects on response inhibition: Variability across tasks and individuals.	Bartholow BD et al.	—	2018	→
Flanker task with equiprobable congruent and incongruent conditions does not elicit the conflict N2.	Kałamała P et al.	—	2018	→
Temporal dynamics of reactive cognitive control as revealed by event-related brain potentials.	Von Gunten CD et al.	—	2018	→
Tick-tock goes the croc: a high-density EEG study of risk-reactivity and binge-drinking.	Kiat JE et al.	—	2018	→
Using trial-level data and multilevel modeling to investigate within-task change in event-related potentials.	Volpert-Esmond HI et al.	—	2018	→
The effects of alcohol on emotion in social drinkers.	Sayette MA	—	2017	→
Alcohol words elicit reactive cognitive control in low-sensitivity drinkers.	Bailey K et al.	—	2016	→
Separate and joint effects of alcohol and caffeine on conflict monitoring and adaptation.	Bailey K et al.	—	2016	→
Advances in Electrophysiological Research.	Kamarajan C et al.	—	2015	→
Conflict anticipation in alcohol dependence - A model-based fMRI study of stop signal task.	Hu S et al.	—	2015	→