Gambling problems in bipolar disorder in the UK: prevalence and distribution.
paper
Cited
Public
- Authors
- Jones, Lisa; Metcalf, Alice; Gordon-Smith, Katherine; Forty, Liz; Perry, Amy; Lloyd, Joanne; Geddes, John R; Goodwin, Guy M; Jones, Ian; Craddock, Nick; Rogers, Robert D
- Year
- 2015
- Journal
- The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
- PMID
- 26089303
- DOI
- 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.154286
- PMCID
- PMC4589664
BACKGROUND: North American studies show bipolar disorder is associated with elevated rates of problem gambling; however, little is known about rates in the different presentations of bipolar illness. AIMS: To determine the prevalence and distribution of problem gambling in people with bipolar disorder in the UK. METHOD: The Problem Gambling Severity Index was used to measure gambling problems in 635 participants with bipolar disorder. RESULTS: Moderate to severe gambling problems were four times higher in people with bipolar disorder than in the general population, and were associated with type 2 disorder (OR = 1.74, P = 0.036), history of suicidal ideation or attempt (OR = 3.44, P = 0.02) and rapid cycling (OR = 2.63, P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 1 in 10 patients with bipolar disorder may be at moderate to severe risk of problem gambling, possibly associated with suicidal behaviour and a rapid cycling course. Elevated rates of gambling problems in type 2 disorder highlight the probable significance of modest but unstable mood disturbance in the development and maintenance of such problems.
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