Suicide following deliberate self-harm: long-term follow-up of patients who presented to a general hospital.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Hawton, Keith; Zahl, Daniel; Weatherall, Rosamund
- Year
- 2003
- Journal
- The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science
- PMID
- 12777346
- DOI
- 10.1192/bjp.182.6.537
BACKGROUND: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is the strongest risk factor for future suicide. Up-to-date information on the extent of risk is lacking. AIMS: To investigate the risk of suicide after DSH during a long follow-up period. METHOD: A mortality follow-up study to 2000 was conducted on 11 583 patients who presented to hospital after DSH between 1978 and 1997. Data were obtained from a general hospital DSH register in Oxford and the Office for National Statistics, and from equivalent mortality registers in Scotland and Northern Ireland. RESULTS: Three hundred patients had died by suicide or probable suicide. The risk in the first year of follow-up was 0.7% (95% CI 0.6-0.9%), which was 66 (95% CI 52-82) times the annual risk of suicide in the general population. The risk after 5 years was 1.7%, at 10 years 2.4% and at 15 years 3.0%. The risk was far higher in men than in women (hazard ratio 2.8,95% CI 2.2-3.6). In both genders it increased markedly with age at initial presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Following DSH there is a significant and persistent risk of suicide, which varies markedly between genders and age groups. Reduction in the risk of suicide following DSH must be a key element in national suicide prevention strategies.
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| Evaluation of a modified interview version and of a self-rating version of the Suicide Assessment Scale. | NimΓ©us A et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| General characteristics of hospitalized patients after deliberate self-poisoning and risk factors for intensive care admission. | Novack V et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Longitudinal investigation into childhood- and adolescence-onset depression: psychiatric outcome in early adulthood. | Dunn V et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Monitoring deliberate self-harm presentations to general hospitals. | Hawton K et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Predicting and preventing suicide: do we know enough to do either? | Paris J | β | 2006 | β |
| Risk factors of future suicide in suicide attempters--a comparison between suicides and matched survivors. | Holmstrand C et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Risk of suicide after attempted suicide in the population of Slovenia from 1970 to 1996. | Ziherl S et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Self-inflicted burns, outcome and cost. | Ali SN et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Subsequent suicide mortality among emergency department patients seen for suicidal behavior. | Crandall C et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Suicide and its prevention among older adults. | Heisel MJ | β | 2006 | β |
| Suicide attempts in israel: age by gender analysis of a national emergency departments database. | Levinson D et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| The language of suicidology. | Silverman MM | β | 2006 | β |
| A 20-year review of trends in deliberate self-harm in a British town, 1981-2000. | O'Loughlin S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Antidepressant drug use and suicide prevention. | Isacsson G et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Factors associated with the non-assessment of self-harm patients attending an Accident and Emergency Department: results of a national study. | Bennewith O et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Mortality and suicide after non-fatal self-poisoning: 16-year outcome study. | Owens D et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Preventing suicidal behaviour in a general hospital psychiatric service: priorities for programming. | Links PS et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Repeated self-poisoning: increasing severity of self-harm as a predictor of subsequent suicide. | Carter G et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Suicidal intent in deliberate self-harm and the risk of suicide: the predictive power of the Suicide Intent Scale. | Harriss L et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Suicidality in pre-adolescence and early adulthood is associated with psychosocial and psychiatric problems in young adulthood. | Beautrais A | β | 2005 | β |
| Suicide after deliberate self-harm: a 4-year cohort study. | Cooper J et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Suicide prevention and audit. | Saunders K et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Understanding self-mutilation in borderline personality disorder. | Paris J | β | 2005 | β |
| Value of measuring suicidal intent in the assessment of people attending hospital following self-poisoning or self-injury. | Harriss L et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Changeability, confidence, common sense and corroboration: comprehensive suicide risk assessment. | O'Connor N et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Level of suicidal intent predicts overall mortality and suicide after attempted suicide: a 12-year follow-up study. | Suominen K et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Repetition of deliberate self-harm and subsequent suicide risk: long-term follow-up study of 11,583 patients. | Zahl DL et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Risk factors for suicide and other deaths following hospital treated self-poisoning in Australia. | Reith DM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Substance use and male gender as risk factors for deaths and suicide--a 5-year follow-up study after deliberate self-harm. | Suominen K et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Risk of suicide remains high fifteen years after deliberate self-harm. | Walker BF | β | 2003 | β |