A role for alpha-synuclein in the regulation of dopamine biosynthesis.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Perez, Ruth G; Waymire, Jack C; Lin, Eva; Liu, Jen J; Guo, Fengli; Zigmond, Michael J
- Year
- 2002
- Journal
- The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
- PMID
- 11943812
- DOI
- 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-08-03090.2002
- PMCID
- PMC6757524
The alpha-synuclein gene is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although alpha-synuclein function is uncertain, the protein has homology to the chaperone molecule 14-3-3. In addition, alpha-synuclein can bind to 14-3-3, and both alpha-synuclein and 14-3-3 bind to many of the same proteins. Because 14-3-3 binds to and activates tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine (DA) biosynthesis, we explored whether alpha-synuclein also bound to tyrosine hydroxylase and influenced its activity. Immunoprecipitation revealed an interaction between alpha-synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase in brain homogenates and MN9D dopaminergic cells. Colocalization of alpha-synuclein with tyrosine hydroxylase was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. To explore the consequences of the interaction, we measured the effect of recombinant alpha-synuclein on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in a cell-free system and observed a dose-dependent inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha-synuclein. To measure the impact of alpha-synuclein on tyrosine hydroxylase in dopaminergic cells, we stably transfected MN9D cells with wild-type or A53T mutant alpha-synuclein. Overexpression of wild-type or A53T mutant alpha-synuclein did not significantly alter tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels in our stably transfected cells. However, overexpressing cell lines had significantly reduced tyrosine hydroxylase activity and a corresponding reduction in dopamine synthesis. The reduction in cellular dopamine levels was not caused by increased dopamine catabolism or dopamine efflux. These data suggest that alpha-synuclein plays a role in the regulation of dopamine biosynthesis, acting to reduce the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase. If so, a loss of soluble alpha-synuclein, by reduced expression or aggregation, could increase dopamine synthesis with an accompanying increase in reactive dopamine metabolites.
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| VPS35 in Dopamine Neurons Is Required for Endosome-to-Golgi Retrieval of Lamp2a, a Receptor of Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy That Is Critical for Ξ±-Synuclein Degradation and Prevention of Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. | Tang FL et al. | β | 2015 | β |
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| Protective effect of alpha-synuclein knockdown on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons. | Tai Y et al. | β | 2014 | β |
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| Morphological and behavioral impact of AAV2/5-mediated overexpression of human wildtype alpha-synuclein in the rat nigrostriatal system. | Gombash SE et al. | β | 2013 | β |
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| Dysregulated dopamine storage increases the vulnerability to Ξ±-synuclein in nigral neurons. | Ulusoy A et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| FLZ protects dopaminergic neuron through activating protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and inhibiting RTP801 expression in Parkinson's disease models. | Bao XQ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Genetic rat models of Parkinson's disease. | Welchko RM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Inclusion of a portion of the native SNCA 3'UTR reduces toxicity of human S129A SNCA on striatal-projecting dopamine neurons in rat substantia nigra. | Khodr CE et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Lewy-like aggregation of Ξ±-synuclein reduces protein phosphatase 2A activity in vitro and in vivo. | Wu J et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Loss of functional alpha-synuclein: a toxic event in Parkinson's disease? | Kanaan NM et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Potential role of Ξ±-synuclein in neurodegeneration: studies in a rat animal model. | Stoica G et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Proteomic analysis of the nucleus accumbens in rhesus monkeys of morphine dependence and withdrawal intervention. | Bu Q et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Striatal dopamine transmission is subtly modified in human A53TΞ±-synuclein overexpressing mice. | Platt NJ et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| The role of alpha-synuclein in melanin synthesis in melanoma and dopaminergic neuronal cells. | Pan T et al. | β | 2012 | β |
| Tyrosine hydroxylase gene: another piece of the genetic puzzle of Parkinson's disease. | Bademci G et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Ξ-synuclein misfolding and Parkinson's disease. | Breydo L et al. | β | 2012 | β |
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| Biochemical and morphological consequences of human Ξ±-synuclein expression in a mouse Ξ±-synuclein null background. | Prasad K et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Biological mechanisms in alcohol dependence--new perspectives. | Hillemacher T | β | 2011 | β |
| Chronic exposure to manganese decreases striatal dopamine turnover in human alpha-synuclein transgenic mice. | Peneder TM et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Decreased reuptake of dopamine in the dorsal striatum in the absence of Ξ±-synuclein. | Chadchankar H et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Development of advanced therapies based on viral vector-mediated overexpression of therapeutic molecules and knockdown of disease-related genes for Parkinson's disease. | Ulusoy A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Different effects of intranigral and intrastriatal administration of the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin on typical neurochemical and histological markers of Parkinson's disease in rats. | Lorenc-Koci E et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Impact of Ο-3 fatty acids in Parkinson's disease. | Bousquet M et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Increased expression of Ξ±-synuclein in aged human brain associated with neuromelanin accumulation. | Xuan Q et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Interference of alpha-synuclein with cAMP/PKA-dependent CREB signaling for tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression in SK-N-BE(2)C cells. | Kim SS et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer and RNA silencing technology in neuronal dysfunctions. | Dreyer JL | β | 2011 | β |
| Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 and alpha-synuclein: intersecting pathways in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease? | Greggio E et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Low concentrations of methamphetamine can protect dopaminergic cells against a larger oxidative stress injury: mechanistic study. | El Ayadi A et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Melatonin attenuates the amphetamine-induced decrease in vesicular monoamine transporter-2 expression in postnatal rat striatum. | Mukda S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Road to Alpha-Synuclein Oligomerization in PD. | Esteves AR et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Molecular and behavioral aspects of the actions of alcohol on the adult and developing brain. | Alfonso-Loeches S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Olfactory neuron-specific expression of A30P Ξ±-synuclein exacerbates dopamine deficiency and hyperactivity in a novel conditional model of early Parkinson's disease stages. | Nuber S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Phosphorylation of Ξ±-synuclein upregulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity in MN9D cells. | Wu B et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Progressive neurodegeneration or endogenous compensation in an animal model of Parkinson's disease produced by decreasing doses of alpha-synuclein. | Koprich JB et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Protein oxidative modifications in the ageing brain: consequence for the onset of neurodegenerative disease. | Grimm S et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Stimulation, protection and regeneration of dopaminergic neurons by 9-methyl-Ξ²-carboline: a new anti-Parkinson drug? | Polanski W et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Synuclein modulation of monoamine transporters. | Oaks AW et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The association between Parkinson's disease and melanoma. | Pan T et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The oxysterol 27-hydroxycholesterol regulates Ξ±-synuclein and tyrosine hydroxylase expression levels in human neuroblastoma cells through modulation of liver X receptors and estrogen receptors--relevance to Parkinson's disease. | Marwarha G et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| The role of Ξ±-synuclein in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. | Cheng F et al. | β | 2011 | β |
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| Ξ±-Synuclein binds the K(ATP) channel at insulin-secretory granules and inhibits insulin secretion. | Geng X et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| Ξ±-Synuclein negatively regulates protein kinase CΞ΄ expression to suppress apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons by reducing p300 histone acetyltransferase activity. | Jin H et al. | β | 2011 | β |
| A biochemical and functional protein complex involving dopamine synthesis and transport into synaptic vesicles. | Cartier EA et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein deficiency affects brain Foxp1 expression and ultrasonic vocalization. | Kurz A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein, lipids and Parkinson's disease. | RuipΓ©rez V et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Clues to how alpha-synuclein damages neurons in Parkinson's disease. | Sulzer D | β | 2010 | β |
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| DJ-1 deficient mice demonstrate similar vulnerability to pathogenic Ala53Thr human alpha-syn toxicity. | Ramsey CP et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Dynamic transport and localization of alpha-synuclein in primary hippocampal neurons. | Yang ML et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Long-term dietary restriction modulates the level of presynaptic proteins in the cortex and hippocampus of the aging rat. | Mladenovic Djordjevic A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| Mice expressing the A53T mutant form of human alpha-synuclein exhibit hyperactivity and reduced anxiety-like behavior. | Graham DR et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Stimulated dopamine overflow and alpha-synuclein expression in the nucleus accumbens core distinguish rats bred for differential ethanol preference. | Pelkonen A et al. | β | 2010 | β |
| The transgenic overexpression of alpha-synuclein and not its related pathology associates with complex I inhibition. | Loeb V et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Ξ±-Synuclein transgenic mice reveal compensatory increases in Parkinson's disease-associated proteins DJ-1 and parkin and have enhanced Ξ±-synuclein and PINK1 levels after rotenone treatment. | George S et al. | β | 2010 | β |
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| Physiological and pathological role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease through iron mediated oxidative stress; the role of a putative iron-responsive element. | Olivares D et al. | β | 2009 | β |
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| Alpha-synuclein aggregation alters tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and immunoreactivity: lessons from viral transduction of knockout mice. | Alerte TN et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| alpha-Synuclein: a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease? | Maguire-Zeiss KA | β | 2008 | β |
| Alpha synuclein protein levels are increased in serum from recently abstinent cocaine abusers. | Mash DC et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Cardiac sympathetic denervation correlates with clinical and pathologic stages of Parkinson's disease. | Fujishiro H et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Cell systems and the toxic mechanism(s) of alpha-synuclein. | Cookson MR et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Differential effects of 24-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol on tyrosine hydroxylase and alpha-synuclein in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. | Rantham Prabhakara JP et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Genetic factors involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. | Lee FJ et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| High level of alpha-synuclein mRNA in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome. | Taraskina AE et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Human-based studies on alpha-synuclein deposition and relationship to Parkinson's disease symptoms. | Halliday GM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Increased striatal dopamine release and hyperdopaminergic-like behaviour in mice lacking both alpha-synuclein and gamma-synuclein. | Senior SL et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Inhibition of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 activity in alpha-synuclein stably transfected SH-SY5Y cells. | Guo JT et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Melatonin inhibits amphetamine-induced increase in alpha-synuclein and decrease in phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase in SK-N-SH cells. | Klongpanichapak S et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Molecular and cellular biology of synucleins. | Surguchov A | β | 2008 | β |
| Overexpressed alpha-synuclein regulated the nuclear factor-kappaB signal pathway. | Yuan Y et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Proteome response to the panneural expression of human wild-type alpha-synuclein: a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. | Xun Z et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| RNA interference mediated silencing of alpha-synuclein in MN9D cells and its effects on cell viability. | Liu DM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| Silencing alpha-synuclein gene expression enhances tyrosine hydroxylase activity in MN9D cells. | Liu D et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The effect of alpha-synuclein knockdown on MPP+ toxicity in models of human neurons. | Fountaine TM et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| The role of gamma-synuclein in cocaine-induced behaviour in rats. | Boyer F et al. | β | 2008 | β |
| A cell-based model of alpha-synucleinopathy for screening compounds with therapeutic potential of Parkinson's disease. | Zhao DL et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Aggregated alpha-synuclein mediates dopaminergic neurotoxicity in vivo. | Periquet M et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein gene ablation increases docosahexaenoic acid incorporation and turnover in brain phospholipids. | Golovko MY et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein in the nucleus accumbens induces changes in cocaine behaviour in rats. | Boyer F et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Association of alcohol craving with alpha-synuclein (SNCA). | Foroud T et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Developmental exposure to pesticides zineb and/or endosulfan renders the nigrostriatal dopamine system more susceptible to these environmental chemicals later in life. | Jia Z et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Effect of alpha-synuclein on the promoter activity of tyrosine hydroxylase gene. | Gao N et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and onset age in alpha-synuclein A53T mutant Parkinson's disease. | Golbe LI et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Heroin abuse is characterized by discrete mesolimbic dopamine and opioid abnormalities and exaggerated nuclear receptor-related 1 transcriptional decline with age. | Horvath MC et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Isomers of human alpha-synuclein stabilized by disulfide bonds exhibit distinct structural and aggregative properties. | Jiang C et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Microglial PHOX and Mac-1 are essential to the enhanced dopaminergic neurodegeneration elicited by A30P and A53T mutant alpha-synuclein. | Zhang W et al. | β | 2007 | β |
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| Parkinson's disease: genetics and beyond. | Inamdar NN et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Self-directed and self-oriented immobilization of antibody by protein G-DNA conjugate. | Jung Y et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| The effect of truncated human alpha-synuclein (1-120) on dopaminergic cells in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease. | Michell AW et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Whole genome expression analyses of single- and double-knock-out mice implicate partially overlapping functions of alpha- and gamma-synuclein. | Kuhn M et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Zinc protects SK-N-SH cells from methamphetamine-induced alpha-synuclein expression. | Ajjimaporn A et al. | β | 2007 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein acts in the nucleus to inhibit histone acetylation and promote neurotoxicity. | Kontopoulos E et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein and its neurotoxic fragment inhibit dopamine uptake into rat striatal synaptosomes. Relationship to nitric oxide. | Adamczyk A et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein facilitates the toxicity of oxidized catechol metabolites: implications for selective neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. | Hasegawa T et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein inhibits aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity in dopaminergic cells. | Tehranian R et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein overexpression in PC12 and chromaffin cells impairs catecholamine release by interfering with a late step in exocytosis. | Larsen KE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| alpha-Synuclein protects SH-SY5Y cells from dopamine toxicity. | Colapinto M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein structure, posttranslational modification and alternative splicing as aggregation enhancers. | Beyer K | β | 2006 | β |
| Effect of sublethal 6-hydroxydopamine on the response to subsequent oxidative stress in dopaminergic cells: evidence for preconditioning. | Leak RK et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Familial Parkinson mutant alpha-synuclein causes dopamine neuron dysfunction in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. | Kuwahara T et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Highly potent and specific GSK-3beta inhibitors that block tau phosphorylation and decrease alpha-synuclein protein expression in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. | Kozikowski AP et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Identification of protein biomarkers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the postmortem prefrontal cortex using SELDI-TOF-MS ProteinChip profiling combined with MALDI-TOF-PSD-MS analysis. | Novikova SI et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Interaction of alpha-synuclein and dopamine metabolites in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: a case for the selective vulnerability of the substantia nigra. | Galvin JE | β | 2006 | β |
| Levels of mRNA coding for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-synuclein in the brains of newborn, juvenile, and adult rats. | Malatynska E et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Locomotor hyperactivity and alterations in dopamine neurotransmission are associated with overexpression of A53T mutant human alpha-synuclein in mice. | Unger EL et al. | β | 2006 | β |
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| Molecular mechanism for pterin-mediated inactivation of tyrosine hydroxylase: formation of insoluble aggregates of tyrosine hydroxylase. | Urano F et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Mutant alpha-synuclein-induced degeneration is reduced by parkin in a fly model of Parkinson's disease. | Haywood AF et al. | β | 2006 | β |
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| Pilot study of the Human Proteome Organisation Brain Proteome Project: applying different 2-DE techniques to monitor proteomic changes during murine brain development. | StΓΌhler K et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Proteomic analysis of hypoxia/ischemia-induced alteration of cortical development and dopamine neurotransmission in neonatal rat. | Hu X et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Regulation of alpha-synuclein expression in alcohol-preferring and -non preferring rats. | Liang T et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Substrate-mediated enhancement of phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase in nigrostriatal dopamine neurons: evidence for a role of alpha-synuclein. | Drolet RE et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons are resistant to human mutant alpha-synuclein overexpression. | Maingay M et al. | β | 2006 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein activation of protein phosphatase 2A reduces tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation in dopaminergic cells. | Peng X et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein and dopamine metabolism. | Yu S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein protein levels are increased in alcoholic patients and are linked to craving. | BΓΆnsch D et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Antiapoptotic property of human alpha-synuclein in neuronal cell lines is associated with the inhibition of caspase-3 but not caspase-9 activity. | Li W et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Cocaine abuse elevates alpha-synuclein and dopamine transporter levels in the human striatum. | Qin Y et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Different levels of gamma-synuclein mRNA in the cerebral cortex of dominant, neutral and submissive rats selected in the competition test. | Pinhasov A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Dopamine promotes alpha-synuclein aggregation into SDS-resistant soluble oligomers via a distinct folding pathway. | Cappai R et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Dopaminergic neurons in rat ventral midbrain cultures undergo selective apoptosis and form inclusions, but do not up-regulate iHSP70, following proteasomal inhibition. | Rideout HJ et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Expression profiling and QTL analysis: a powerful complementary strategy in drug abuse research. | Spence J et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Helix periodicity, topology, and dynamics of membrane-associated alpha-synuclein. | Bussell R et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Impairment of redox state and dopamine level induced by alpha-synuclein aggregation and the prevention effect of hsp70. | Yu F et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Inhibition of alpha-synuclein fibrillization by dopamine analogs via reaction with the amino groups of alpha-synuclein. Implication for dopaminergic neurodegeneration. | Li HT et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Joint analysis of the NACP-REP1 marker within the alpha synuclein gene concludes association with alcohol dependence. | BΓΆnsch D et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Molecular motors implicated in the axonal transport of tau and alpha-synuclein. | Utton MA et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Neurotoxic dopamine quinone facilitates the assembly of tau into fibrillar polymers. | Santa-MarΓa I et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Novel brain 14-3-3 interacting proteins involved in neurodegenerative disease. | Mackie S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Parkinson's disease: from causes to mechanisms. | Corti O et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Protein aggregation in retinal cells and approaches to cell protection. | Surgucheva I et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Regulation of alpha-synuclein expression in limbic and motor brain regions of morphine-treated mice. | Ziolkowska B et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Similar patterns of mitochondrial vulnerability and rescue induced by genetic modification of alpha-synuclein, parkin, and DJ-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. | Ved R et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Tau phosphorylation increases in symptomatic mice overexpressing A30P alpha-synuclein. | Frasier M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The crucial role of metal ions in neurodegeneration: the basis for a promising therapeutic strategy. | Gaeta A et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| The role of alpha-synuclein in neurodegenerative diseases. | Bennett MC | β | 2005 | β |
| Torsin-mediated protection from cellular stress in the dopaminergic neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans. | Cao S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Viral vector mediated overexpression of human alpha-synuclein in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons: a new model for Parkinson's disease. | Maingay M et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Wild-type alpha-synuclein interacts with pro-apoptotic proteins PKCdelta and BAD to protect dopaminergic neuronal cells against MPP+-induced apoptotic cell death. | Kaul S et al. | β | 2005 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein and Parkinson's disease. | Recchia A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein has a high affinity for packing defects in a bilayer membrane: a thermodynamics study. | Nuscher B et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Axonal transport of human alpha-synuclein slows with aging but is not affected by familial Parkinson's disease-linked mutations. | Li W et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Comparative analyses of alpha-synuclein expression levels in rat brain tissues and transfected cells. | Wersinger C et al. | β | 2004 | β |
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| Distinct mechanisms of neurodegeneration induced by chronic complex I inhibition in dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic cells. | Kweon GR et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Does alpha-synuclein modulate dopaminergic synaptic content and tone at the synapse? | Sidhu A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Early and progressive sensorimotor anomalies in mice overexpressing wild-type human alpha-synuclein. | Fleming SM et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Elevated alpha synuclein mRNA levels are associated with craving in patients with alcoholism. | BΓΆnsch D et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Functional consequences of alpha-synuclein tyrosine nitration: diminished binding to lipid vesicles and increased fibril formation. | Hodara R et al. | β | 2004 | β |
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| Methamphetamine increases dopamine transporter higher molecular weight complex formation via a dopamine- and hyperthermia-associated mechanism. | Baucum AJ et al. | β | 2004 | β |
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| Parkinson's disease alpha-synuclein mutations exhibit defective axonal transport in cultured neurons. | Saha AR et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Pathological proteins in Parkinson's disease: focus on the proteasome. | Snyder H et al. | β | 2004 | β |
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| The role of alpha-synuclein in both neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. | Sidhu A et al. | β | 2004 | β |
| Trypsin disrupts the trafficking of the human dopamine transporter by alpha-synuclein and its A30P mutant. | Wersinger C et al. | β | 2004 | β |
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| Alpha-synuclein: its biological function and role in neurodegenerative diseases. | Kaplan B et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| alpha-Synuclein maps to a quantitative trait locus for alcohol preference and is differentially expressed in alcohol-preferring and -nonpreferring rats. | Liang T et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Alpha-synuclein protects naive but not dbcAMP-treated dopaminergic cell types from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity. | Jensen PJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Co-ordinate transcriptional regulation of dopamine synthesis genes by alpha-synuclein in human neuroblastoma cell lines. | Baptista MJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Distribution of alpha- and gamma-synucleins in the adult rat brain and their modification by high-dose cocaine treatment. | Brenz Verca MS et al. | β | 2003 | β |
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| General aspects of neurodegeneration. | Jellinger KA | β | 2003 | β |
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| Modulation of dopamine transporter function by alpha-synuclein is altered by impairment of cell adhesion and by induction of oxidative stress. | Wersinger C et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Oxidative modifications of alpha-synuclein. | Ischiropoulos H | β | 2003 | β |
| Oxidative stress and nitration in neurodegeneration: cause, effect, or association? | Ischiropoulos H et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Proteolytic stress: a unifying concept for the etiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. | McNaught KS et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Role for the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative brain amyloidoses. | Moore DJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Siah-1 facilitates ubiquitination and degradation of synphilin-1. | Nagano Y et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| The role of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease: insights from animal models. | Maries E et al. | β | 2003 | β |
| Zeroing in on the pathogenic form of alpha-synuclein and its mechanism of neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease. | Volles MJ et al. | β | 2003 | β |
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