Distinguishing differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress: recommendations for evaluating interaction effects.
paper
Cited
Public
Unavailable
- Authors
- Roisman, Glenn I; Newman, Daniel A; Fraley, R Chris; Haltigan, John D; Groh, Ashley M; Haydon, Katherine C
- Year
- 2012
- Journal
- Development and psychopathology
- PMID
- 22559121
- DOI
- 10.1017/S0954579412000065
This report describes the state of the art in distinguishing data generated by differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress models. We discuss several limitations of existing practices for probing interaction effects and offer solutions that are designed to better differentiate differential susceptibility from diathesis-stress models and quantify their corresponding implications. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of these methods by revisiting published evidence suggesting that temperamental difficulty serves as a marker of enhanced susceptibility to early maternal caregiving across a range of outcome domains in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. We find that, with the exception of mother reports of psychopathology, there is consistent evidence in the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development that the predictive significance of early sensitivity is moderated by difficult temperament over time. However, differential susceptibility effects emerged primarily for teacher reports of academic skills, social competence, and symptomatology. In contrast, effects more consistent with the diathesis-stress model were obtained for mother reports of social skills and objective tests of academic skills. We conclude by discussing the value of the application of this work to the next wave of Gene × Environment studies focused on early caregiving experiences.
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| Emotional insecurity as a mediator of the moderating role of dopamine genes in the association between interparental conflict and youth externalizing problems. | Davies PT et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| From negative reactivity to empathic responding: Infants high in negative reactivity express more empathy later in development, with the help of regulation. | Abramson L et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Gene × Environment contributions to autonomic stress reactivity in youth. | Allegrini AG et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Genetic and peripheral markers of the oxytocin system and parental care jointly support the cross-generational transmission of bonding across three generations. | Fujiwara T et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Infants' Biological Sensitivity to the Effects of Maternal Social Support: Evidence Among Mexican American Families. | Somers JA et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Interaction Effects of Life Events and Hair Cortisol on Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents: Testing the Differential Susceptibility and Diathesis-Stress Models. | Xu Y et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Interactive effects of family instability and adolescent stress reactivity on socioemotional functioning. | Li Z et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Intrusive parenting, teacher sensitivity, and negative emotionality on the development of emotion regulation in early head start toddlers. | Mortensen JA et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Latent trajectories of alcohol use from early adolescence to young adulthood: Interaction effects between 5-HTTLPR and parenting quality and gender differences. | Su J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Parental criticism and behavior problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. | Baker JK et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Parenting and Cortisol in Infancy Interactively Predict Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Behaviors in Childhood. | Wagner NJ et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Patterns of Sensitivity to Parenting and Peer Environments: Early Temperament and Adolescent Externalizing Behavior. | Tung I et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Polygenic differential susceptibility to prenatal adversity. | Belsky J et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Relations of Subjective Social Status and Brooding with Blood Pressure. | Harbison BR et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Self-Regulation Mitigates the Association between Household Chaos and Children's Behavior Problems. | Crespo LM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the context of Environmental Sensitivity: A critical review and development of research agenda. | Greven CU et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Shy toddlers act bold: The roles of respiratory sinus arrhythmia and parent emotion language. | Grady JS et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Sometimes It's Good to be Short: The Serotonin Transporter Gene, Positive Parenting, and Adolescent Depression. | Little K et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Sympathetic-Parasympathetic Interaction and Externalizing Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. | Fenning RM et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The Interactive Effects of Parental Knowledge with Impulsivity and Sensation Seeking in Adolescent Substance Use. | Rioux C et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The interplay between parenting and temperament in associations with children's executive function. | Suor JH et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| The Relation between Specific Parenting Behaviors and Toddlers' Early Anxious Behaviors is Moderated by Toddler Cortisol Reactivity. | Kalomiris AE et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Understanding the Victimization-Aggression Link in Childhood: The Roles of Sympathy and Resting Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia. | Colasante T et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| VGLUT2 rs2290045 genotype moderates environmental sensitivity to alcohol-related problems in three samples of youths. | Vrettou M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Youth Parasympathetic Functioning Moderates Relations between Cumulative Family Risk and Internalizing Behaviors. | Benito-Gomez M et al. | — | 2019 | → |
| Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Direct Support Professionals. | Keesler JM | — | 2018 | → |
| A genetic variant brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism interacts with hostile parenting to predict error-related brain activity and thereby risk for internalizing disorders in children. | Meyer A et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Aggressive Male Juvenile Offenders with Callous-Unemotional Traits Show Aberrant Attentional Orienting to Distress Cues. | Kimonis ER et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Amygdala reactivity as a marker of differential susceptibility to socioeconomic resources during early adulthood. | Gard AM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Association between maternal childhood maltreatment and mother-infant attachment disorganization: Moderation by maternal oxytocin receptor gene and cortisol secretion. | Ludmer JA et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Association of Childhood Adversity With Differential Susceptibility of Transdiagnostic Psychopathology to Environmental Stress in Adulthood. | Albott CS et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Callous-Unemotional Traits and Autonomic Functioning in Toddlerhood Interact to Predict Externalizing Behaviors in Preschool. | Wagner NJ et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Children's autonomic functioning moderates links between maternal rejecting attitudes and preschool aggressive behaviors. | Wagner NJ et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Children's Executive Function Attenuate the Link Between Maternal Intrusiveness and Internalizing Behaviors at School Entry. | Gueron-Sela N et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Critical Issues in the Inclusion of Genetic and Epigenetic Information in Prevention and Intervention Trials. | Latendresse SJ et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Deflections from adolescent trajectories of antisocial behavior: contextual and neural moderators of antisocial behavior stability into emerging adulthood. | Hyde LW et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Differential susceptibility effects of oxytocin gene (OXT) polymorphisms and perceived parenting on social anxiety among adolescents. | Olofsdotter S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Differential Susceptibility to the Environment and Borderline Personality Disorder. | Rioux C et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2), dopamine transporter solute carrier family C6, member 4 (SLC6A3), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) genes as moderators of the relation between maternal history of maltreatment and infant emotion regulation. | Villani V et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| DRD4 interacts with adverse life events in predicting maternal sensitivity via emotion regulation. | Su J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Early maternal care may counteract familial liability for psychopathology in the reward circuitry. | Holz NE et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Featured Article: Community Crime Exposure and Risk for Obesity in Preschool Children: Moderation by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal-Axis Response. | Gartstein MA et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Improving Present Practices in the Visual Display of Interactions. | McCabe CJ et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Interaction between FKBP5 variability and recent life events in the anxiety spectrum: Evidence for the differential susceptibility model. | Pérez-Pérez B et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Intra- and Inter-Individual Differences in Adolescent Depressive Mood: the Role of Relationships with Parents and Friends. | Zhang S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Linking Parenting and Social Competence in School-Aged Boys and Girls: Differential Socialization, Diathesis-Stress, or Differential Susceptibility? | Spruijt AM et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Maternal Personality and Child Temperamental Reactivity: Differential Susceptibility for Child Externalizing Behavioral Problems in China. | Xing S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Mother-child role confusion, child adjustment problems, and the moderating roles of child temperament and sex. | Zvara BJ et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Negative (but not Positive) Parenting Interacts with Infant Negative Affect to Predict Infant Approach: Evidence of Diathesis-Stress. | Holzman JB et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Out of harm's way: Secure versus insecure-disorganized attachment predicts less adolescent risk taking related to childhood poverty. | Delker BC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Parental overcontrol x OPRM1 genotype interaction predicts school-aged children's sympathetic nervous system activation in response to performance challenge. | Partington LC et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Peer Problems and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Among Norwegian and American Children: The Role of 5-HTTLPR. | Stenseng F et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Prenatal programming of postnatal plasticity revisited-And extended. | Hartman S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Prenatal stress and enhanced developmental plasticity. | Hartman S et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Relations between early maternal sensitivity and toddler self-regulation: Exploring variation by oxytocin and dopamine D2 receptor genes. | Augustine ME et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Sympathetic Under-Arousal and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. | Baker JK et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The Interaction of <i>TPH1</i> A779C Polymorphism and Maternal Authoritarianism on Creative Potential. | Zhang J et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| The Interplay of Peer, Parent, and Adolescent Drinking. | Olson JS et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Unlocking the Black Box: A Multilevel Analysis of Preadolescent Children's Coping. | Wadsworth ME et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Vantage sensitivity: a framework for individual differences in response to psychological intervention. | de Villiers B et al. | — | 2018 | → |
| Beyond risk: Prospective effects of GABA Receptor Subunit Alpha-2 (GABRA2) × Positive Peer Involvement on adolescent behavior. | Trucco EM et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Biometric Modeling of Gene-Environment Interplay: The Intersection of Theory and Method and Applications for Social Inequality. | South SC et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Children's differential susceptibility to parenting: An experimental test of "for better and for worse". | Slagt M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Cognition-emotion interaction as a predictor of adolescent depressive symptoms. | Rudolph KD et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Determinants of seasonal changes in availability of food patches for elephants (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) in a semi-arid African savanna. | Clegg BW et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Frontal brain asymmetry, childhood maltreatment, and low-grade inflammation at midlife. | Hostinar CE et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Gene and environment interaction: Is the differential susceptibility hypothesis relevant for obesity? | Dalle Molle R et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Genetic and environmental influences on household financial distress. | Xu Y et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| If the coping fits, use it: Preadolescent recent stress exposure differentially predicts post-TSST salivary cortisol recovery. | Bendezú JJ et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Implicit association to infant faces: Genetics, early care experiences, and cultural factors influence caregiving propensities. | Senese VP et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Interactive effects of attachment and FKBP5 genotype on school-aged children's emotion regulation and depressive symptoms. | Borelli JL et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Interplay between children's biobehavioral plasticity and interparental relationship in the origins of internalizing problems. | Brock RL et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Is level of prematurity a risk/plasticity factor at three years of age? | Hadfield K et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Latent trajectories of adolescent antisocial behavior: Serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype influences sensitivity to perceived parental support. | Tung I et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Links between early baseline cortisol, attachment classification, and problem behaviors: A test of differential susceptibility versus diathesis-stress. | Fong MC et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Ontogeny of emotional and behavioral problems in a low-income, Mexican American sample. | Lin B et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Parenting and cognitive and psychomotor delay due to small-for-gestational-age birth. | Li X et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Preschoolers' genetic, physiological, and behavioral sensitivity factors moderate links between parenting stress and child internalizing, externalizing, and sleep problems. | Davis M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Respiratory sinus arrhythmia moderates the impact of maternal prenatal anxiety on infant negative affectivity. | Peltola MJ et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Reward-Related Ventral Striatum Activity Buffers against the Experience of Depressive Symptoms Associated with Sleep Disturbances. | Avinun R et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Sleep duration and RSA suppression as predictors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. | Cho S et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Statistical tests of differential susceptibility: Performance, limitations, and improvements. | Del Giudice M | — | 2017 | → |
| Suicide ideation among high-risk adolescent females: Examining the interplay between parasympathetic regulation and friendship support. | Giletta M et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Testing differential susceptibility: Plasticity genes, the social environment, and their interplay in adolescent response inhibition. | Richards JS et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The Evolution of Interaction Shape in Differential Susceptibility. | Del Giudice M | — | 2017 | → |
| The Interaction Between Child Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Early Sensitive Parenting in the Prediction of Children's Executive Functions. | Gueron-Sela N et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| The role of infants' mother-directed gaze, maternal sensitivity, and emotion recognition in childhood callous unemotional behaviours. | Bedford R et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Trajectories of mothers' emotional availability: relations with infant temperament in predicting attachment security. | Kim BR et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Vulnerability or Sensitivity to the Environment? Methodological Issues, Trends, and Recommendations in Gene-Environment Interactions Research in Human Behavior. | Leighton C et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Youth temperament, harsh parenting, and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene forecast allostatic load during emerging adulthood. | Brody GH et al. | — | 2017 | → |
| Adolescent behavioral and neural reward sensitivity: a test of the differential susceptibility theory. | Richards JS et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Adolescent neurobiological susceptibility to social context. | Schriber RA et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| An Evolutionary Perspective on Family Studies: Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences. | Hartman S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Child Temperamental Flexibility Moderates the Relation between Positive Parenting and Adolescent Adjustment. | Rabinowitz JA et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Differential sensitivity to the environment: contribution of cognitive biases and genes to psychological wellbeing. | Fox E et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Differential susceptibility to environmental influences: Interactions between child temperament and parenting in adolescent alcohol use. | Rioux C et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Differential Vulnerability to Early-Life Parental Death: The Moderating Effects of Family Suicide History on Risks for Major Depression and Substance Abuse in Later Life. | Hollingshaus MS et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Does 5HTTLPR Genotype Moderate the Association of Family Environment With Child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptomatology? | Elmore AL et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Dopamine Receptor Gene DRD4 7-Repeat Allele X Maternal Sensitivity Interaction on Child Externalizing Behavior Problems: Independent Replication of Effects at 18 Months. | King AP et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Genetic moderation of transactional relations between parenting practices and child self-regulation. | Cho J et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Infant temperamental reactivity, maternal and grandparental sensitivity: Differential susceptibility for behavior problems in China. | Xing S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Influence of inter-parental conflict on adolescent delinquency via school connectedness: Is impulsivity a vulnerability or plasticity factor? | Liu S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Low Family Income and Behavior Problems in Norwegian Preschoolers: Is Child Emotionality a Marker for Sensitivity of Influence? | Bøe T et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Negative emotional reactivity moderates the relations between family cohesion and internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescence. | Rabinowitz JA et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Neighborhood × Serotonin Transporter Linked Polymorphic Region (5-HTTLPR) interactions for substance use from ages 10 to 24 years using a harmonized data set of African American children. | Windle M et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Parent and youth dopamine D4 receptor genotypes moderate multilevel contextual effects on rural African American youth's risk behavior. | Cho J et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Predicting childhood effortful control from interactions between early parenting quality and children's dopamine transporter gene haplotypes. | Li Y et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Stress, relationship satisfaction, and health among African American women: Genetic moderation of effects. | Lei MK et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Teacher-student relationships and adolescent behavioral engagement and rule-breaking behavior: The moderating role of dopaminergic genes. | De Laet S et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| The BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism Interacts with Maternal Parenting Influencing Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Evidence of Differential Susceptibility Model. | Zhang L et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| The importance of gene-environment interactions in human obesity. | Reddon H et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| The interaction between temperament and the family environment in adolescent substance use and externalizing behaviors: Support for diathesis-stress or differential susceptibility? | Rioux C et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| The Protective Effect of Kinship Involvement on the Adjustment of Youth in Foster Care. | Bai GJ et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| What constitutes effective coping and efficient physiologic regulation following psychosocial stress depends on involuntary stress responses. | Bendezú JJ et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| Youth Withdrawal Moderates the Relationhips Between Neighborhood Factors and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence. | Rabinowitz JA et al. | — | 2016 | → |
| A neurogenetics approach to defining differential susceptibility to institutional care. | Brett ZH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Candidate gene-environment interaction research: reflections and recommendations. | Dick DM et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Child fear reactivity and sex as moderators of links between parenting and preschool behavior problems. | Barnett MA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Child maltreatment, impulsivity, and antisocial behavior in African American children: Moderation effects from a cumulative dopaminergic gene index. | Thibodeau EL et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Developmental differences in early adolescent aggression: a gene × environment × intervention analysis. | Schlomer GL et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Developmental interplay between children's biobehavioral risk and the parenting environment from toddler to early school age: Prediction of socialization outcomes in preadolescence. | Kochanska G et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Differential Susceptibility: The Genetic Moderation of Peer Pressure on Alcohol Use. | Griffin AM et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Differential susceptibility to effects of maternal sensitivity? A study of candidate plasticity genes. | Belsky J et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| DRD2 and SLC6A3 moderate impact of maternal depressive symptoms on infant cortisol. | Ludmer JA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Dysfunctional Attitudes and Affective Responses to Daily Stressors: Separating Cognitive, Genetic, and Clinical Influences on Stress Reactivity. | Conway CC et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Effects of Genotype and Sleep on Temperament. | Bouvette-Turcot AA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adolescence: Dopaminergic Genes in Interaction with Peer Acceptance and Rejection. | Janssens A et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Genetic differential susceptibility on trial: meta-analytic support from randomized controlled experiments. | van Ijzendoorn MH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| I just ran a thousand analyses: benefits of multiple testing in understanding equivocal evidence on gene-environment interactions. | Heininga VE et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Infant negative reactivity defines the effects of parent-child synchrony on physiological and behavioral regulation of social stress. | Pratt M et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Interactions among catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype, parenting, and sex predict children's internalizing symptoms and inhibitory control: Evidence for differential susceptibility. | Sulik MJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Longitudinal associations between adult attachment states of mind and parenting quality. | Shlafer RJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Maternal unresponsiveness and child disruptive problems: the interplay of uninhibited temperament and dopamine transporter genes. | Davies P et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Neighborhood crime and depressive symptoms among African American women: Genetic moderation and epigenetic mediation of effects. | Lei MK et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Nonparametric Estimates of Gene × Environment Interaction Using Local Structural Equation Modeling. | Briley DA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Parental Anxiety Prospectively Predicts Fearful Children's Physiological Recovery from Stress. | Borelli JL et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Parental involvement moderates etiological influences on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behaviors in child twins. | Nikolas MA et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Paths from mother-child and father-child relationships to externalizing behavior problems in children differing in electrodermal reactivity: a longitudinal study from infancy to age 10. | Kochanska G et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Peer Victimization and DRD4 Genotype Influence Problem Behaviors in Young Children. | DiLalla LF et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Personality traits as potential susceptibility markers: differential susceptibility to support among parents. | Slagt M et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype moderates the longitudinal impact of early caregiving on externalizing behavior. | Brett ZH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Take your mind off it: Coping style, serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region genotype (5-HTTLPR), and children's internalizing and externalizing problems. | Cline JI et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Temperament and Interparental Conflict: The Role of Negative Emotionality in Predicting Child Behavioral Problems. | Hentges RF et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Temperament as a moderator of the effects of parenting on children's behavior. | Gallitto E | — | 2015 | → |
| The Caregiving Environment and Developmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants: Diathesis Stress or Differential Susceptibility Effects? | Gueron-Sela N et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The conditioning of intervention effects on early adolescent alcohol use by maternal involvement and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) and serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genetic variants. | Cleveland HH et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The developmental costs and benefits of children's involvement in interparental conflict. | Davies PT et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The Dopamine D2 Receptor Polymorphism (DRD2 TaqIA) Interacts with Maternal Parenting in Predicting Early Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: Evidence of Differential Susceptibility and Age Differences. | Zhang W et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The enduring predictive significance of early maternal sensitivity: social and academic competence through age 32 years. | Raby KL et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The hidden efficacy of interventions: gene×environment experiments from a differential susceptibility perspective. | Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| The Moderating Role of Genetics: The Effect of Length of Hospitalization on Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors. | Benish-Weisman M et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Women's concerns about the emotional impact of awareness of heritable breast cancer risk and its implications for their children. | O'Neill SC et al. | — | 2015 | → |
| Are infants differentially sensitive to parenting? Early maternal care, DRD4 genotype and externalizing behavior during adolescence. | Nikitopoulos J et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Carefully thinking about telomeres. | Drury S et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Dopamine receptor gene d4 polymorphisms and early sexual onset: gender and environmental moderation in a sample of african-american youth. | Kogan SM et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Effect of OPRM1 and stressful life events on symptoms of major depression in African American adolescents. | Swann G et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Gene-environment interaction. | Manuck SB et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genetic susceptibility to family environment: BDNF Val66met and 5-HTTLPR influence depressive symptoms. | Dalton ED et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Genetic vulnerability interacts with parenting and early care education to predict increasing externalizing behavior. | Lipscomb ST et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| How and why does the 5-HTTLPR gene moderate associations between maternal unresponsiveness and children's disruptive problems? | Davies PT et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Individual and sex differences in the consequences of victimization: Moderation by approach and avoidance motivation. | Llewellyn N et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Is serotonin transporter genotype associated with epigenetic susceptibility or vulnerability? Examination of the impact of socioeconomic status risk on African American youth. | Beach SR et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Mental health outcomes in emerging adults exposed to childhood maltreatment: the moderating role of stress reactivity. | Hagan MJ et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Serotonin transporter-linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) genotype and stressful life events interact to predict preschool-onset depression: a replication and developmental extension. | Bogdan R et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Social withdrawal in children moderates the association between parenting styles and the children's own socioemotional development. | Zarra-Nezhad M et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The effect of neighborhood disadvantage, social ties, and genetic variation on the antisocial behavior of African American women: a multilevel analysis. | Lei MK et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| The legacy of early insecurity histories in shaping adolescent adaptation to interparental conflict. | Davies PT et al. | — | 2014 | → |
| Beyond risk, resilience, and dysregulation: phenotypic plasticity and human development. | Belsky J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Childhood emotional environment and self-injurious behaviors: the moderating role of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. | Bresin K et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Confirmatory and competitive evaluation of alternative gene-environment interaction hypotheses. | Belsky J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Genetic moderation of early child-care effects on social functioning across childhood: a developmental analysis. | Belsky J et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| Stress physiology and developmental psychopathology: past, present, and future. | Doom JR et al. | — | 2013 | → |
| The trade-offs of emotional reactivity for youths' social information processing in the context of maternal depression. | Flynn M et al. | — | 2012 | → |