SNP associated_with phenotype

a test of the null hypothesis that degree of within SNP correspondence could be the effect of a random occurrences of the significant SNP-phenotype association instances

SNP-phenotype association instances ... preserving ... the phenotypes in the correspondences.

distribution of p-values from associated SNP-phenotype pairs should be concentrated near 0

We randomized assignment of the phenotypes to data derived from the current SNPs and analyzed the data from 3,000 permutation trials

βi is the causal effect size of SNP i ... the number of standard deviations increase in phenotype per 1 standard deviation increase in genotype

SNP effects occur at the level of the genetic components of each of several phenotypes

vector of univariate regression effects of a given SNP on each of the phenotypes

identify the relationship between SNPs and observed phenotypes as mediated through a user-specified model

Both use SNP to phenotype associations results (ZX,Y)

many markers were associated with phenotype across EAs, AAs and meta-analysis

identified 7 unique pairs of SNPs that caused both the same phenotype

Since allele frequency affects the power to detect phenotype association, we adjust the phenotypic deviations separately for each SNP...