alcohol associated_with negative reinforcement
Evidence from:
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Evidence (2 sources)
the drug is taken to prevent the emergence of negative emotional state (e.g. anxiety, irritability, dysphoria).
confidence: 0.90
Behavioral and biological indicators of impulsivity in the development of alcohol use, problems, and disorders.
(2010)
PMID:20491733
cited
alcohol ... as a strategy to avoid immediate ... aversive events ... in line with negative reinforcement theory.
confidence: 0.90