deviant peers risk_factor_for substance use

extent to which an individual affiliates with ... delinquent peers has emerged as one of the strongest correlates of ... substance use problems

affiliation with deviant peers ... importance of peers in the development of substance use

such groups increase risk for engaging in deviant activities, such as substance use

common risk factors predisposing to both affiliation with delinquent peers and substance use problems

adolescent’s desire to affiliate with deviant peers is indicative of a potential risk for use and dependence