nicotine risk_factor_for tobacco dependence

Subject: nicotine
Relation: risk_factor_for
Object: tobacco dependence
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (2 sources)

Clinical practice. Treating smokers in the health care setting. (2011) PMID:21991895 cited

Nicotine ... makes smoking ... more attractive and powerfully reinforcing

confidence: 0.90

Genome-wide and candidate gene association study of cigarette smoking behaviors. (2009) PMID:19247474 cited

dependence on nicotine ... induces most people who start smoking to continue to smoke

confidence: 0.95