tobacco use risk_factor_for heavy drinking

Subject: tobacco use
Relation: risk_factor_for
Object: heavy drinking
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (2 sources)

Common liability to addiction and "gateway hypothesis": theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective. (2012) PMID:22261179 cited

the majority have previously used ... tobacco ... before heroin

confidence: 0.93

Common liability to addiction and "gateway hypothesis": theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective. (2012) PMID:22261179 cited

the majority have previously used tobacco ... before trying heroin

confidence: 0.90