regular smoking risk_factor_for nicotine
Evidence from:
primary |
all sources
Evidence (2 sources)
A population-based twin study of the genetic and environmental relationship of major depression, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence.
(2011)
PMID:20406522
cited
An analysis of the pathway from smoking initiation to ND in female twins (Kendler et al. 1999) estimated the β path to be similar to that reported here for females (β = 0.77).
confidence: 0.92
A population-based twin study of the genetic and environmental relationship of major depression, regular tobacco use and nicotine dependence.
(2011)
PMID:20406522
cited
liability to dependence is a function of both risk shared with regular tobacco use
confidence: 0.95