addiction associated_with substance use
Evidence from:
primary |
all sources
Evidence (3 sources)
use of addictive substances is highly destructive to individuals and to society as a whole
confidence: 0.88
Common liability to addiction and "gateway hypothesis": theoretical, empirical and evolutionary perspective.
(2012)
PMID:22261179
cited
addiction ... may be more relevant to the designation of the overall clinically important phenotype
confidence: 0.95
Heritability estimates are usually higher for addiction than for substance use
confidence: 0.95