adverse childhood experiences risk_factor_for smoking
Evidence from:
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all sources
Evidence (2 sources)
Economic Burden of Health Conditions Associated With Adverse Childhood Experiences Among US Adults.
(2023)
PMID:38055277
cited
the more ACEs a person has, the higher their risk for outcomes, such as ... smoking
confidence: 0.95
Economic Burden of Health Conditions Associated With Adverse Childhood Experiences Among US Adults.
(2023)
PMID:38055277
cited
AOR for smoking among adults with 4 or more ACEs was 6.48 ... indicating that adults with that ACE count were more than 6 times as likely to smoke as other adults.
confidence: 0.96