nicotine risk_factor_for physical dependence

Subject: nicotine
Relation: risk_factor_for
Object: physical dependence
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (1 sources)

Rate of nicotine metabolism and withdrawal symptoms in adolescent light smokers. (2008) PMID:18762498 cited

physical dependence can develop at relatively low levels of nicotine intake

confidence: 0.80