time to first cigarette risk_factor_for emphysema
Evidence from:
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Evidence (4 sources)
Time to First Morning Cigarette and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Smokers in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.
(2015)
PMID:25985429
cited
chronic bronchitis was more strongly influenced by TTFC than was emphysema
confidence: 0.70
Time to First Morning Cigarette and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Smokers in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.
(2015)
PMID:25985429
cited
ORs between TTFC and emphysema were all statistically significant in both men and women.
confidence: 0.90
Time to First Morning Cigarette and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Smokers in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.
(2015)
PMID:25985429
cited
Among African Americans, those with shorter TTFC had the greatest risk of COPD and emphysema...
confidence: 0.94
Time to First Morning Cigarette and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Smokers in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.
(2015)
PMID:25985429
cited
In logistic regression models, we observed similar associations between TTFC and emphysema reported at baseline and at follow-up.
confidence: 0.90