cigarettes risk_factor_for parent-child relationship
Evidence from:
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all sources
Evidence (2 sources)
The Moderating Effects of Pubertal Timing on the Longitudinal Associations Between Parent-Child Relationship Quality and Adolescent Substance Use.
(2010)
PMID:21170159
cited
cigarette use at Time 1 was associated with poor parent-child relationship quality twelve months later (ß = .12, p<.05) for late maturing girls
confidence: 0.95
The Moderating Effects of Pubertal Timing on the Longitudinal Associations Between Parent-Child Relationship Quality and Adolescent Substance Use.
(2010)
PMID:21170159
cited
frequent and heavy use of cigarettes ... appears to disrupt the closeness of the parent-child relationship
confidence: 0.90