smoking risk_factor_for COPD
Evidence from:
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Evidence (3 sources)
Convergence of genetic findings for nicotine dependence and smoking related diseases with chromosome 15q24-25.
(2010)
PMID:19896728
cited
the clearest genetic convergence is with smoking, lung cancer, and COPD
confidence: 0.90
Convergence of genetic findings for nicotine dependence and smoking related diseases with chromosome 15q24-25.
(2010)
PMID:19896728
cited
vast majority ... COPD cases are attributable to smoking
confidence: 0.95
Convergence of genetic findings for nicotine dependence and smoking related diseases with chromosome 15q24-25.
(2010)
PMID:19896728
cited
To untangle the genetic relationship of smoking to ... COPD risk independent from smoking behaviors.
confidence: 0.92