parental alcoholism protective_against regular smoking

Subject: parental alcoholism
Relation: protective_against
Object: regular smoking
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (1 sources)

Risks for early substance involvement associated with parental alcoholism and parental separation in an adolescent female cohort. (2014) PMID:24647368 cited

Parental alcoholism was associated with 75% decreased likelihood of regular smoking from age 15 onwards if parents were separated, and across adolescence for twins whose parents remained together.

confidence: 0.90