time to first cigarette risk_factor_for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Evidence from:
primary |
all sources
Evidence (2 sources)
Time to First Morning Cigarette and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Smokers in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.
(2015)
PMID:25985429
cited
TTFC was strongly associated with COPD... risk of COPD increased as TTFC shortened...
confidence: 0.96
Time to First Morning Cigarette and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Smokers in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.
(2015)
PMID:25985429
cited
shorter TTFC confers a greater risk of COPD
confidence: 0.95