smoking associated_with depression
Evidence from:
primary |
all sources
Evidence (3 sources)
Age-varying associations between substance use behaviors and depressive symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood.
(2015)
PMID:26483358
cited
the association between smoking and depression is established early and persists
confidence: 0.90
Age-varying associations between substance use behaviors and depressive symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood.
(2015)
PMID:26483358
cited
significant association between heavy smoking and depressive disorder among female adolescents
confidence: 0.95
Age-varying associations between substance use behaviors and depressive symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood.
(2015)
PMID:26483358
cited
Smokers experience more depressive symptoms, a higher prevalence of lifetime MDD, and more depressive episodes than non-smokers
confidence: 0.90