alcohol risk_factor_for smoking

Subject: alcohol
Relation: risk_factor_for
Object: smoking
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (2 sources)

Integrated Single-Cell Multiomic Profiling of Caudate Nucleus Suggests Key Mechanisms in Alcohol Use Disorder. (2024) PMID:39149227 primary

those who drink heavily are more likely to smoke.

confidence: 0.92

Effects of state cigarette excise taxes and smoke-free air policies on state per capita alcohol consumption in the United States, 1980 to 2009. (2014) PMID:25257814 cited

alcohol consumption triggers smoking among smokers

confidence: 0.90