smoking risk_factor_for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Evidence from:
primary |
all sources
Evidence (2 sources)
Time to First Morning Cigarette and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Smokers in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.
(2015)
PMID:25985429
cited
smoking is the primary causal factor for 80% of deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
confidence: 0.95
Convergence of genetic findings for nicotine dependence and smoking related diseases with chromosome 15q24-25.
(2010)
PMID:19896728
cited
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is another serious lung disease attributable to smoking... Smoking causes the irritation, inflammation, and destruction of lung tissue that leads to COPD.
confidence: 0.95