cigarette tax protective_against smoking initiation

Subject: cigarette tax
Relation: protective_against
Object: smoking initiation
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (2 sources)

Effects of state cigarette excise taxes and smoke-free air policies on state per capita alcohol consumption in the United States, 1980 to 2009. (2014) PMID:25257814 cited

Increasing taxes on cigarettes ... are ... methods to prevent smoking initiation

confidence: 0.95

Increased cigarette tax is associated with reductions in alcohol consumption in a longitudinal U.S. sample. (2014) PMID:23930623 cited

reductions ... decreased initiation

confidence: 0.94