mothers associated_with smoking

Subject: mothers
Relation: associated_with
Object: smoking
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (2 sources)

Genetic and environmental influences on externalizing behavior and alcohol problems in adolescence: a female twin study. (2009) PMID:19341765 cited

Mothers only were asked questions about their own smoking and drinking patterns during the pregnancy

confidence: 0.92

Genetic and environmental influences on externalizing behavior and alcohol problems in adolescence: a female twin study. (2009) PMID:19341765 cited

37.1% of mothers were regular smokers; 37% of mothers reported smoking during the 1st trimester

confidence: 0.96