smoking risk_factor_for depression

Subject: smoking
Relation: risk_factor_for
Object: depression
p-value: —

Evidence from: primary | all sources

Evidence (2 sources)

Obesity, smoking, and frontal brain dysfunction. (2010) PMID:20716301 primary

overlap with other disorders, including depression

confidence: 0.85

Age-varying associations between substance use behaviors and depressive symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood. (2015) PMID:26483358 cited

Smokers ... more depressive episodes than non-smokers

confidence: 0.95